高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1北京市某中學2025-2026學年高二上學期9月考試英語試卷第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Duringthesummerof2008,Iparticipatedinaninternship(實習)withMotivosMagazine.Onaroastinghotday,IwalkedupanddownParkwaytryingto____1____passengerstosubscribetoMotivos.Sweatyand____2____,Iturnedtoafellowinternandsaid,“Iwanttobeapaidintern”onewhoreceivesmoneyforalltheworkthathedoes.Today,asIrecallmyexperiencewithMotivos,Ican____3____say,“Iwasapaidintern”.Itpaidmewithsomethingmuchmore____4____andworthythanmoney:knowledge,opportunities,andexperiencethatlastforever.Hence,thefounderofMotivosgavemetheknowledgeofhowthemagazinebusiness____5____.Sheshowedmethestepsfromroughdrafttopublishingwithahands-onexperience.Iwasevengiventheopportunitytospendqualitytimewithateamofprofessionalsand“picktheirbrains”.Throughoutthewhole“roughdrafttopublishing”____6____,Idevelopedamutualrelationshipwithajournalist,George.HesawsomethingsinmethatIhadfailedtonoticeinmyself:myresilienceand____7____,andwantedtowriteastoryonme.Withmypermission,GeorgepublisheditforthecolumnthathewritesforthePhiladelphiaWeekly.Itwasreallyaonce-in-a-lifetimeexperiencetohavemystorytoldinapublicformtohighlightpositivityandempowerwhomeveritappliedto.Iwas____8____andgivenrecognition.Moreimportantly,Igainedabetterunderstandingofmyselfthatservedasthe____9____formyfuture.AsanexperiencedinternImustsay,“Manyinternships_____10_____verywell.”1.A.teach B.remind C.assign D.persuade2.A.guilty B.intense C.tired D.passionate3.A.proudly B.hesitantly C.regretfully D.jokingly4.A.relevant B.powerful C.objective D.available5.A.develops B.combines C.expands D.operates6.A.process B.service C.progress D.growth7.A.distinction B.potential C.peculiarity D.fantasy8.A.compared B.convinced C.examined D.acknowledged9.A.prediction B.security C.inspiration D.occupation10.A.pay B.react C.go D.run【答案】1.D2.C3.A4.B5.D6.A7.B8.D9.C10.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，作者回憶2008年在《Motivos》雜志的實習經(jīng)歷：從最初渴望“有薪實習”，到最終發(fā)現(xiàn)這份無薪實習帶來了比金錢更珍貴的收獲——知識、機會與自我認知，進而感悟到“許多實習的‘回報’遠超金錢”?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在一個酷熱的日子里，我在帕克維大道上來回走動，試圖說服旅客訂閱《Motivos》雜志。A.teach教；B.remind提醒；C.assign分配；D.persuade說服。根據(jù)前文“Duringthesummerof2008,Iparticipatedinaninternship(實習)withMotivosMagazine.Onaroastinghotday,IwalkedupanddownParkway”可知，實習的任務是推廣雜志。即說服別人訂閱雜志。故選D項?！?題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：渾身是汗、疲憊不堪的我，轉(zhuǎn)向另一位實習生說：“我想做有薪實習——為自己做的所有工作獲得報酬的那種?！盇.guilty內(nèi)疚的；B.intense緊張的；C.tired疲憊的；D.passionate熱情的。前文提到“roastinghotday”和“walkedupanddown”，結(jié)合“Sweaty”，可推斷作者此時疲憊。故選C項?！?題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：如今，當我回憶起在《Motivos》的經(jīng)歷時，我可以自豪地說：“我曾是一名‘有薪實習’生?！盇.proudly自豪地；B.hesitantly猶豫地；C.regretfully遺憾地；D.jokingly開玩笑地。根據(jù)后文“Itpaidmewithsomethingmuchmore______andworthythanmoney:knowledge,opportunities,andexperiencethatlastforever.”可知，作者在雜志社收獲了比錢更加重要的東西，所以此處指作者很自豪地說自己是有薪實習生，故選A項?！?題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：它給我的“報酬”比金錢更有力、更有價值：知識、機會，以及永恒的經(jīng)驗。A.relevant相關的；B.powerful有力的，有影響力的；C.objective客觀的；D.available可獲得的。根據(jù)后文“opportunities,andexperiencethatlastforever.”可知，作者獲得了知識、機會和經(jīng)驗，這些比金錢更有力量和價值，故選B項。【5題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，《Motivos》的創(chuàng)始人教會了我雜志行業(yè)如何運作。A.develops發(fā)展；B.combines結(jié)合；C.expands擴展；D.operates運作，運營。根據(jù)后文“Sheshowedmethestepsfromroughdrafttopublishingwithahands-onexperience.”提到從初稿到出版的步驟，這是雜志運作的核心流程。故選D項?！?題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在整個“從初稿到出版”的過程中，我與記者喬治建立了互相信任的關系。A.process過程；B.service服務；C.progress進步；D.growth成長。根據(jù)前文“Throughoutthewhole“roughdrafttopublishing”可知，從初稿到出版是一個完整的工作過程。故選A項。【7題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他看到了我自己沒發(fā)現(xiàn)的特質(zhì)：我的韌性和潛力，并想寫一篇關于我的報道。A.distinction區(qū)別；B.potential潛力；C.peculiarity特殊性；D.fantasy幻想。根據(jù)前文“myresilience”可知，作者自己沒發(fā)現(xiàn)在自己的韌性和潛力，故選B項。【8題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我得到了認可和贊賞。A.compared比較；B.convinced說服；C.examined檢查；D.acknowledged認可，承認。前文提到作者的故事以公開形式傳播，彰顯正能量，這是對作者的認可，acknowledged與后文“givenrecognition”語義一致，故選D項?！?題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：更重要的是，我對自己有了更清晰的認識，這成為我未來的動力。A.prediction預測；B.security安全；C.inspiration動力，啟發(fā)；D.occupation職業(yè)。根據(jù)常識可知，對自己的清晰認識通常會成為未來行動的動力。故選C項?！?0題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一名有經(jīng)驗的實習生，我必須說：“許多實習的‘回報’都非常豐厚。”A.pay回報，支付；B.react反應；C.go進展；D.run運行。根據(jù)前文“Itpaidmewithsomething”可知，作者自己就是一個在實習中收獲豐富的人。所以此處指作者作為經(jīng)歷者，他認為很多實習的回報是豐富的，故選A項。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀短文并填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。TuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearcherschosen.TheywenttoHainan,____11____malariawasmorecommon,tostudymalariapatients.Bychance,shefoundonesentence____12____(suggest)adifferentwaytotreatthewormwood.Sheconcludedthatboilingthesweetwormwoodapparently____13____(destroy)itsmedicalproperties.Usingalowertemperaturetodrawouttheextract,shefoundasubstance____14____worked.Afterfailingmorethan190times,theteamfinallysucceededin1971.【答案】11.where12.suggesting13.destroyed14.that##which【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了屠呦呦團隊發(fā)現(xiàn)青蒿素治療瘧疾的研究過程?！?1題詳析】考查定語從句。句意：他們?nèi)チ睡懠哺鼮槌Ｒ姷暮Ｄ?，研究瘧疾患者。本空引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Hainan，關系詞代替先行詞在定語從句中作地點狀語，應使用關系副詞where引導。故填where?！?2題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：偶然間，她發(fā)現(xiàn)了一句話，這句話建議了一種不同的方法來治療青蒿。本句謂語為found，此處為非謂語動詞，且sentence與suggest“建議”為主動關系，應用現(xiàn)在分詞，作定語。故填suggesting?！?3題詳析】考查時態(tài)。句意：她得出結(jié)論，煮沸的青蒿顯然會破壞它的藥用特性。本空為that引導的賓語從句的謂語，此處描述的是過去的研究結(jié)論，時態(tài)用一般過去時，謂語用destroy“破壞”的過去式destroyed。故填destroyed?！?4題詳析】考查定語從句。句意：使用較低的溫度提取提取物，她發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種有效的物質(zhì)。本空引導定語從句，修飾先行詞asubstance，關系詞代替先行詞在定語從句中作主語，指物，應使用關系代詞that/which。故填that/which。B閱讀短文并填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Today,wehavetouse____15____(switch)forourlights,knobsforourappliances.Thefuturehomewilluse____16____(integrate)sensorstotellwhenyouleavehomeeachmorning.Andwhenyougethomeeachevening,youwillfindyourdinneralready____17____(prepare)foryou.【答案】15.switches16.integrated17.prepared【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章對比現(xiàn)代家居與未來智能家居的差異?！?5題詳析】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：今天，我們的燈要用開關，電器要用旋鈕。設空處為use的賓語，應用名詞switch，表示泛指，應用復數(shù)形式，故填switches?！?6題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：未來的家庭將使用集成傳感器來告訴你每天早上什么時候離開家。設空處修飾名詞sensors作定語，應用形容詞integrated，意為“集成的”，故填integrated?！?7題詳析】考查過去分詞。句意：當你每天晚上回到家，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)你的晚餐已經(jīng)為你準備好了。設空處為find的賓語補足語，和賓語yourdinner之間是被動關系，應用過去分詞，故填prepared。C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。LastSaturday,Iwenttotheschoolsportsfieldtowatchthefinalofthe4×100-metrerelayatourannualsportstournament.___18___therace,everyonewasquietandstill.Whentherunnerssetoff,everyonewentwild!Weallstoodupandstartedshouting.Itwaslikebeinghitbyahugewaveof___19___(excite).Theracewasalloverinjustoneminute.Whenthefirstrunner___20___(cross)thefinishline,everyonewasontheirfeet,cheering.【答案】18.Before19.excitement20.crossed【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章記錄了作者上周六去學校的運動場觀看了一年一度的體育錦標賽4×100-metre接力賽的決賽?！?8題詳析】考查介詞。句意：在比賽前，每個人都很安靜。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)與句意，空格部分到標點符號處是狀語部分，每個人在賽前才會處于未興奮狀態(tài)，故需要填表示“在……之前”的介詞。故填before?！?9題詳析】考查名詞。句意：這就像被一股巨大的興奮浪潮擊中一樣。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)與句意，空格部分前面有介詞“of”，介詞后需要填寫名詞，提示詞“excite”是動詞形式表示“使興奮”，這里需要轉(zhuǎn)換成為名詞詞性。故填excitement?！?0題詳析】考查動詞。句意：當?shù)谝幻\動員沖過終點線時，每個人都站起來歡呼。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)與句意，空格部分處于“when”引導的狀語從句中，是從句中的謂語部分，根據(jù)時間標志詞這是上周六的故事，因此要使用一般過去時。故填crossed。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，28分)第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AThePerfectSleepChairisdesignedtobethemostcomfortablereclinerchair.Whetheryouaresittingupright,relaxinginyourfavoriteTVviewingposition,orlyingcompletelyflatforsleeping,it’slikebeingonacloud.Acloudthathasbuilt-inheatandmassagesettingstomatchyourownpersonalcomfortlevel.Itevenhasabatterybackupincaseofapowercut.WithPerfectSleepChair,there’saperfectpositionforeverybody,eventhosethatprefertolieflatbutwanttheadditionalsupportthatmostmattresses(墊子)don’tprovide.Atthetouchofabutton,thePerfectSleepChairgentlyliftsyoutoanalmoststandingpositionsoyoucangetbackonyourfeetwithease.Someownersusethisfeaturedaily,whileothersuseitwhenrecoveringfromanillness.Timeandtimeagain,ourcustomerstellustheyaretiredofhavingtoreplacetheirreclinersduetoqualityissues.Wehearyou!ThatiswhythePerfectSleepChairishandmadeintheUSAusingqualityhardwoodsandonlythehighestqualityupholster(墊襯物).Eachchairiscarefullycraftedbyworkersandnotjustabunchofrobots.Everychairstructureisguaranteedforlifeandtheelectroniccomponentsaregenerouslywarrantedforthreeyears.Simplyput,it’sthehighestqualitychaironthemarket—butitdoesn’tendthere…WhenyoupurchasethePerfectSleepChair,you’llgetyourchoiceofclothandcolors!You’llalsoreceiveWhiteGloveDelivery.Professionalswillcarrythechairtotheexactspotinyourhomewhereyouwantit,unpackit,inspectit,testit,positionit,andeventakethepackagingaway!Toensurethatyourproductandpurchaseprocessisofthehighestquality,ourcustomerserviceteamisheretoansweranyquestion,fivedaysaweek,from9a.m.to8p.m.Pleasecallusat800-958-8324.21.Accordingtotheadvertisement,PerfectSleepChair.（事實信息）A.helpsdetectillnessesB.supportsvariousbodypositionsC.comeswithanadditionalmattressD.adjustsitstemperatureaccordingly22.WhatisthekeyfeatureofPerfectSleepChairintroducedinParagraph3?(推理判斷)A.Itissafe. B.Itislasting.C.Itisportable. D.Itiscomfortable.23.Whatservicecancustomersreceive?A.Homedelivery. B.Free

replacement.C.A24-hourhotline. D.Amoney-backguarantee.【答案】21.B22.B23.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。介紹了一種支持各種各樣身體姿勢的椅子PerfectSleepChair以及它的特色?！?1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。第一段第二句Whetheryouaresittingupright,relaxinginyourfavoriteTVviewingposition,orlyingcompletelyflatforsleeping,it’slikebeingonacloud.可知不管你是筆直地坐著，還是以你最喜歡的看電視的姿勢放松，還是完全平躺著睡覺，PerfectSleepChair都可以。故PerfectSleepChair支持各種各樣的身體姿勢。故選B?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Everychairstructureisguaranteedforlifeandtheelectroniccomponentsaregenerouslywarrantedforthreeyears.可知每一把椅子的結(jié)構(gòu)都是終身保修的，電子元件的保修期為三年?？赏评淼玫谌谓榻B了PerfectSleepChair的一個重要性能是持久耐用，故選B?！?3題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句You’llalsoreceiveWhiteGloveDelivery.Professionalswillcarrythechairtotheexactspotinyourhomewhereyouwantit,unpackit,inspectit,testit,positionit,andeventakethepackagingaway!可知專業(yè)人士會把椅子搬到你家里你想要的地方，打開它，檢查它，測試它，定位它，甚至把包裝拿走!可知顧客可以收到送貨上門服務，故選A。BFlyingHighBarringtonIrvingmadehishistoricflightandfoundedaneducationalnon-profit-makingorganization.Hismessageforkids:“Theonlythingthatseparatesyoufromscientistsisdetermination,hardworkandastronglikingforwhatyouwanttoachieve.”Thesecret,hebelieves,ishavingadreaminthefirstplace,andthatstartswithlearningexperiencesthatinspirekidstobuildcareers.ThemomentofinspirationforIrvingcameattheageof15inhisparents’bookstore.Onecustomer,aprofessionalpilot,askedIrvingifhe’dthoughtaboutbecomingapilot.“ItoldhimIdidn’tthinkIwassmartenough;butthenextdayhetookmetothecockpit(駕駛艙)ofthecommercialairplaneheflew,andjustlikethatIwashooked.”Tofollowhisdream,IrvingturneddownafootballscholarshiptotheUniversityofFlorida.Hewashedairplanestoearnmoneyforaflightschoolandincreasedhisflyingskillsbypracticingathomeona$40flightsimulator(模擬)videogame.Thenanotherdreamtookhold:flyingalonearoundtheworld.Hefacedmorethan50rejectionsforsponsorshipbeforeconvincingsomecompaniestodonateaircraftcomponents.Hetookoffwithnoweatherradar,node-icingsystem,andjust$30inhispocket.“IliketodothingspeoplesayIcan’tdo.”After97days,26stopsanddozensofthunderstorms,hetoucheddowntoacheeringcrowdinMiami.“Itwasseeingsomanyyoungpeoplewatchingandlisteningthatpushedmeintogivingbackwithmyknowledgeandexperience.”Irvinghasbeendoingiteversince.Hesetuphisnon-profit-makingorganization,ExperienceAviation(航空),aimingtoincreasethenumbersofyouthinaviationandscience-relatedcareers.Kidsattendprogrammesdealingwithhands-onroboticsprojectsandflightsimulatorchallenges.“Wewanttocreatechancesforstudentstoaccomplishsomethingamazing,”henotes.PerhapsIrving’smostpowerfuleducationaltoolistheexamplehisownlifeprovides.Afterlandinghisrecord-breakingflightatage23,hesaid,“EveryonetoldmeIwastooyoung,thatIdidn’thaveenoughexperience,strength,orknowledge.TheytoldmeitwouldtakeforeverandI’dnevercomehome.Well…guesswhat?”24.AccordingtoIrving,whatisthemostimportantinachievingsuccess?A.Meetingpeoplewhoprovideunexpectedhelp.B.Gettingachancetostudytechnicalknowledge.C.Havingsomethingspecificthatyouwanttoaccomplish.D.Developingcommunicationwithdifferentorganizations.25.WhatcanwelearnaboutIrvinginParagraph3?A.Hechosetoreducehisbudgetaslowaspossible.B.Hewasfinallygivenenoughmoneytokeepgoing.C.Hegotthemostusefulflyingtipsfromhisvideogame.D.Hetookonafurtherchallengeafterheknewhowtofly.26.Irvingsetuphisnon-profit-makingorganizationbecause________.A.hehopedtobecomeapublicfigureB.heexpectedtostartabusinessinotherfieldsC.hesawtherewasgreatinterestinwhathewasdoingD.hethoughthecouldteachmorethanflightschoolscould【答案】24.C25.D26.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了主人公BarringtonIrving在他人的鼓勵之下，開始接觸飛行，成為飛行員。后來他非常勇敢的一個人完成了獨自飛行的創(chuàng)舉，最后還成立了一個非盈利組織來幫助更多有相同興趣的人實現(xiàn)夢想?！?4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中Theonlythingthatseparatesyoufromscientistsisdetermination,hardworkandastronglikingforwhatyouwanttoachieve(唯一能把你和科學家區(qū)分開來的是決心、努力工作和你對想要實現(xiàn)的目標的強烈熱愛)可知，Irving認為在追求成功時最重要的是完成目標的強烈的迫切的欲望。C.Havingsomethingspecificthatyouwanttoaccomplish.(有一些具體的想要完成的事情)符合以上說法，故選C。【25題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Hewashedairplanestoearnmoneyforaflightschoolandincreasedhisflyingskillsbypractisingathomeona$40flightsimulator(模擬)videogame.Thenanotherdreamtookhold:flyingalonearoundtheworld.Hefacedmorethan50rejectionsforsponsorshipbeforeconvincingsomecompaniestodonateaircraftcomponents.Hetookoffwithnoweatherradar,node-icingsystem,andjust$30inhispocket.“IliketodothingspeoplesayIcan’tdo.”(他清洗飛機以賺取上飛行學校的錢，并通過在家里練習一個價值40美元的飛行模擬器視頻游戲來提高飛行技能。然后，另一個夢想產(chǎn)生了：他想要獨自一人環(huán)游世界。在說服一些公司捐贈飛機部件之前，他面臨著超過50次被拒絕贊助的情況。最后他成功了，在沒有天氣雷達，沒有除冰系統(tǒng)，口袋里只有30美元的情況下，歐文說：“我喜歡做人們說我不能做的事。”)可知，在他知道如何飛行后，他接受了進一步的挑戰(zhàn)——獨自飛行環(huán)游世界。故選D?！?6題詳析】細節(jié)題理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中After97days,26stopsanddozensofthunderstorms,hetoucheddowntoacheeringcrowdinMiami.“Itwasseeingsomanyyoungpeoplewatchingandlisteningthatpushedmeintogivingbackwithmyknowledgeandexperience.”Irvinghasbeendoingiteversince.Hesetuphisnon-profit-makingorganization,ExperienceAviation(航空),aimingtoincreasethenumbersofyouthinaviationandscience-relatedcareers.(經(jīng)過97天、26站和數(shù)十場雷雨，他來到邁阿密的歡呼人群中。“正是看到如此多的年輕人在觀看和聆聽，促使我用自己的知識和經(jīng)驗來回報?！彼闪⒘俗约旱姆怯M織“體驗航空”（ExperienceAviation），旨在增加航空和科學相關職業(yè)的青年人數(shù)。）可知，他看到了很多的人對他所做的事感興趣，他想幫更多的人實現(xiàn)夢想。故選C。COneday,gardenersmightnotjusthearthebuzzofbeesamongtheirflowers,butthewhirrofrobots,too.Scientistshavemanagedtoturnanunassumingdrone(無人機)intoaremote-controlledpollinator(授粉媒介)byattachinghorsehairscoatedwithaspecial,stickygeltoitsunderbelly.Animalpollinatorsareneededforthereproductionof90%offloweringplantsandonethirdofhumanfoodcrops.Chiefamongthosearebees—butmanybeepopulationsintheUnitedStateshavebeeninsteepdeclineinrecentdecades.Thus,thedeclineofbeesisn'tjustworrisomebecauseitcoulddisruptecosystems,butalsobecauseitcoulddisruptagricultureandeconomy.Peoplehavebeentryingtocomeupwithreplacementtechniques,butnoneofthemareespeciallyeffectiveyet.Scientistshavethoughtaboutusingdrones,buttheyhaven'tfiguredouthowtomakefree-flyingrobotinsectsthatcanrelyontheirownpowersourcewithoutbeingattachedtoawire.“It’sverytoughwork,”saidseniorauthorEijiroMiyako,achemistattheNationalInstituteofAdvancedIndustrialScienceandTechnology.Hisparticularcontributiontothefieldinvolvesagel,onehe’dconsideredamistake10yearsbeforeandstuckinastoragecabinet.Whenitwasrediscoveredadecadelater,ithadn’tdriedupordegradedatall.“Iwassosurprisedbecauseitstillhadhighviscosity,”Miyakosaid.Thechemistnoticedthatwhendropped,thegelabsorbedanimpressiveamountofdustfromthefloor.Miyakorealizedthismaterialcouldbeveryusefulforpickinguppollen(花粉).Heandhiscolleagueschoseadroneandattachedhorsehairstoitssmoothsurfacetomimicabee’sfuzzybody.Theycoatedthosehorsehairsinthegel,andthencontrolledthedronesoverlilies,wheretheywouldpickupthepollenfromoneflowerandthendepositthepollenatanotherone,thusfertilizingit.Thescientistslookedatthehairsunderascanningelectronmicroscopeandcountedupthepollengrainsattachedtothesurfaceandfoundthatthedroneswhosehorsehairshadbeencoatedwiththegelhadabout10timesmorepollenthanthosethathadnotbeencoatedwiththegel.Miyakodoesnotthinksuchdroneswouldreplacebeesaltogether,butcouldsimplyhelpbeeswiththeirpollinatingduties.There’salotofworktobedonebeforethat'sareality,however.Smalldroneswillneedtobecomemorecontrollableandenergyefficient,aswellassmarter,withbetterGPSandartificialintelligence.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“viscosity”inPara.3probablymean?A.Hardness. B.Stickiness.C.Flexibility. D.Purity.28.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______.A.beesdisruptbothagricultureandeconomyB.scientistshaveinventedself-poweredrobotinsectsC.beesintheUnitedStatesareontheedgeofextinctionD.Miyakofoundthespecialfeatureofthegelbychance29.Adroneworksbestinpickinguppollenwhen______.A.itsbodyismadelikeabee’sB.itsGPSworksmoreefficientlyC.someflowersarecoatedwiththegelD.horsehairswiththegelareattachedtoit30.AccordingtoEijiroMiyako,thedrones______.A.arenotyetreadyforpracticaluseB.mayeventuallyreplacebeesinthefutureC.aremuchmoreefficientthanbeepollinatorsD.canprovideasolutiontoeconomicdepression【答案】27.B28.D29.D30.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了蜜蜂數(shù)量的減少令人擔憂，因為這可能破壞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，也可能破壞農(nóng)業(yè)和經(jīng)濟。人們一直在試圖想出替代技術(shù)，科學家們通過在馬毛的下腹部貼上一層特殊的粘性凝膠，成功地將一種不起眼的雄蜂變成了一種遙控傳粉器?！?7題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中“Whenitwasrediscoveredadecadelater,ithadn’tdriedupordegradedatall.”可知，十年后被重新發(fā)現(xiàn)時，凝膠根本沒有干枯或退化。因此Miyako驚訝的是它仍然具有很高的粘性。結(jié)合選項，故選B?！?8題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Hisparticularcontributiontothefieldinvolvesagel,onehe’dconsideredamistake10yearsbeforeandstuckinastoragecabinet.Whenitwasrediscoveredadecadelater,ithadn’tdriedupordegradedatall.”可知，Miyako是偶然間發(fā)現(xiàn)凝膠這種特殊特性的。結(jié)合選項，故選D?！?9題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Thescientistslookedatthehairsunderascanningelectronmicroscopeandcountedupthepollengrainsattachedtothesurfaceandfoundthatthedroneswhosehorsehairshadbeencoatedwiththegelhadabout10timesmorepollenthanthosethathadnotbeencoatedwiththegel.”可知，科學家們在掃描電子顯微鏡下觀察了這些毛發(fā)，并對附著在表面的花粉粒進行了計數(shù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)那些馬毛上涂有凝膠的雄蜂的花粉量大約是沒有涂有凝膠的雄蜂的10倍。結(jié)合選項，故選D。【30題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“There’salotofworktobedonebeforethat'sareality,”可知，在投入使用之前，還有很多工作需要做。故可知，這種無人機還未投入使用。結(jié)合選項，故選A。DApairofpapers,publishedinthescientificjournalNature,touts(標榜)thepotentialofnewAIweatherforecastingapproaches—systemsthatcouldproducefasterandmoreaccurateresultsthantraditionalmodels.TheyarepartofanewwaveofAImodelssweepingthemeteorology(氣象學)communityworldwide.Conventionalforecastsrelyonasystemknownasnumericalweatherprediction.It’sakindofmathematicalmodelthatusescomplexequations(方程式)topredictthewayweathersystemschangeovertimeandspace.Theseequationsdescribetheactualphysicsbehindthemovementofairandwaterintheatmosphereandtheoceans.Becausethere’ssomuchmathandphysicsinvolved,numericalweathermodelsrequireextremelyhighlevelsofcomputationalpower.Thatmakesthemexpensiveandtime-consumingtorun.Italsolimitsthefine-scaleprocessesthatthesemodelscanaccuratelycapture.Scientistshavecomeupwithvariouswaystogetaroundthesedifficultiesintraditionalmodels.Onestrategyisamethodknownasparameterization—that’swhenscientistsreplacetheactualphysicalequationsinamodelwithasimplifiedprogramthatgenerallycapturestheprocesswithoutforcingthemodeltorepresenttheactualphysics.Butartificialintelligencecouldreplacetheseworkarounds,enthusiastsargue,withpotentiallyfasterandmoreaccurateresults.AImodelsdon’thavetorepresentactualphysicsintheformofmathematicalequations.Instead,theytakeinlargeamountsofhistoricalweatherdataandlearntorecognizepatterns.Theythenusethesepatternstomakepredictionswhenpresentedwithnewdataonpresent-dayweatherconditions.Inprinciple,themuchfastercomputationalspeedcouldprovideimmensebenefits.ButsomeexpertsnotethatthechangingclimatemayposeauniquechallengefordevelopingAIweathermodels.AIsystemsrelyonhistoricalweatherdatatoteachthemhowtoproduceaccurateforecasts.Butcertainkindsofweatherevents,suchasheatwavesandhurricanes,aregrowingmoreintenseastheplanetwarms—andinsomecases,they’rebecomingsoextremethattherearefewexamplesatallinthehistoricalrecord.ThatcouldmakeitdifficultforAIweathermodelstoaccuratelysimulate(模擬)eventsthatarerecord-breakingorhaveneverbeenseenbefore.Accuratelyforecastingextremeweathereventsisoneofthemostcrucialfunctionsforweathermodels,enablingdecision-makerstoissuepublicsafetyannouncementsorfacilitateevacuations(疏散)withenoughtimetoprotecthigh-riskpopulations.ButifAImodelsarepresentedwithweatherconditionsthatareentirelyforeigntothem,itmaybehardtopredicthowthey’llreact.Theauthorsofthe2021RoyalSocietypaperpointoutthatwhenitcomestocapturingextremeswithlimiteddata,AIsystemshaveproducedmixedresults—somehaveperformedwellwhileothersnotthatsatisfactorily.HybridmodelsthatincludebothAIcomponentsandnumericalmodelcomponentsmayrunintofewerdifficultieswithrecord-breakingevents,RussSchumacher,Colorado’sstateclimatologist,suggested.HenotedthatnumericalmodelsandAImodelsmayendupwithdifferentstrengths,andhumanexperiencewillremainvaluableforcommunicatinginformationabouttheweather.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“theseworkarounds”inParagraph4referto?A.Highcosts. B.Variousmethods.C.Weathersystems. D.Inaccurateresults.32.WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Theadvantagesofartificialintelligence.B.Theapplicationofmathematicalequations.C.Thefastcollectionofhistoricalweatherdata.D.TheworkingprinciplesofAIweathermodels.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Decision-makersfindAIforecastsmorereliable.B.AImodelswilleventuallyreplacenumericalones.C.LackofrelevantweatherdatachallengesAIsystems.D.AIweathermodelshelptopreventextremeclimateevents.34.What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toraiseglobalclimatechangeawareness.B.Tostresstheimportanceofthehistoricalrecord.C.Tocomparethestrengthsofweatherpredictionmethods.D.Tosuggestawaytoimproveweatherpredictionaccuracy.【答案】31.B32.D33.C34.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種新的人工智能天氣預報方法，這種方法可能比傳統(tǒng)模型產(chǎn)生更快、更準確的結(jié)果?！?1題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Scientistshavecomeupwithvariouswaystogetaroundthesedifficultiesintraditionalmodels.(科學家們想出了各種方法來克服傳統(tǒng)模型中的這些困難。)”可知，劃線詞所在的句子意思是：但人工智能可以取代這些變通方法，愛好者們認為，這可能帶來更快、更準確的結(jié)果，由此可知，“theseworkarounds”所指代的內(nèi)容就是上文中的“variousways”。故選B?！?2題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第五段“AImodelsdon’thavetorepresentactualphysicsintheformofmathematicalequations.Instead,theytakeinlargeamountsofhistoricalweatherdataandlearntorecognizepatterns.Theythenusethesepatternstomakepredictionswhenpresentedwithnewdataonpresent-dayweatherconditions.(人工智能模型無需以數(shù)學方程的形式來表征實際的物理過程。相反，它們通過輸入大量的歷史天氣數(shù)據(jù)，學習識別其中的模式。然后，當接收到關于當前天氣條件的新數(shù)據(jù)時，它們會利用這些模式來進行預測。)”可知，第五段主要講的是人工智能天氣模型的工作原理。故選D?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段“AIsystemsrelyonhistoricalweatherdatatoteachthemhowtoproduceaccurateforecasts.Butcertainkindsofweatherevents,suchasheatwavesandhurricanes,aregrowingmoreintenseastheplanetwarms—andinsomecases,they’rebecomingsoextremethattherearefewexamplesatallinthehistoricalrecord.ThatcouldmakeitdifficultforAIweathermodelstoaccuratelysimulate(模擬)eventsthatarerecord-breakingorhaveneverbeenseenbefore.(人工智能系統(tǒng)依靠歷史天氣數(shù)據(jù)來教會它們?nèi)绾巫龀鰷蚀_的預測。但是，隨著地球變暖，某些類型的天氣事件，如熱浪和颶風，正在變得越來越強烈——在某些情況下，它們變得如此極端，以至于在歷史記錄中幾乎沒有例子。這可能會使人工智能天氣模型難以準確模擬破紀錄或前所未有的事件。)”可知，人工智能系統(tǒng)依靠歷史天氣數(shù)據(jù)做出準確的預測，由此可推知，缺乏相關天氣數(shù)據(jù)會對人工智能系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成挑戰(zhàn)。故選C?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Apairofpapers,publishedinthescientificjournalNature,touts(標榜)thepotentialofnewAIweatherforecastingapproaches—systemsthatcouldproducefasterandmoreaccurateresultsthantraditionalmodels.(發(fā)表在科學雜志《自然》上的兩篇論文宣揚了新的人工智能天氣預報方法的潛力——這種方法可能比傳統(tǒng)模型產(chǎn)生更快、更準確的結(jié)果。)”可知，文章的主要目的是建議一種提高天氣預報準確性的方法。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。CanWeStopFoodLongingThroughImaginaryEating?Areyoufightinganurgetoreachforchocolate?Then,letitmeltinyourmind,notinyourmouth.Accordingtotherecentresearch,imaginingeatingaspecificfoodreducesyourinterestinthatfood,soyoueatlessofit.Thisreactiontorepeatedexposuretofood—beinglessinterestedinsomethingbecauseyou’veexperiencedittoomuch—iscalledhabituation._____35_____Theresearchisthefirsttoshowthathabituationcanoccurthroughthepowerofthemind.“Ifyoujustthinkaboutthefooditself—howittastesandsmells—thatwillincreaseyourappetite,”saidCareyMorewedge,awell-knownpsychologist.“Itmightbebettertoforceyourselftorepeatedlythinkaboutchewingandswallowingthefoodinordertoreduceyourlonging._____36_____Visualizingyourselfeatingchocolatewouldn’tpreventyoufromeatinglotsofcheese,”headded.Morewedgeconductedaninterestingexperiment.51subjectsweredividedintothreegroups.Onegroupwasaskedtoimagineputting30coinsintoalaundrymachineandtheneatingthreechocolates._____37_____Anothergroupwasaskedtoimagineputtingthreecoinsintoalaundrymachineandtheneating30chocolates.Lastly,acontrolgroupimaginedjustputting33coinsintothemachine—withnochocolates