一、高考形近詞F1).fable寓言fatal/deadly致命的fatalflaw致命缺陷fatalerror(致命錯(cuò)誤)fable指通過虛構(gòu)故事(常含動(dòng)物擬人化)傳遞道德或教訓(xùn)的短篇寓言，如《伊索寓言》。例句:Thefableofthetortoiseandthehareteachesusperseverance.龜免賽跑的寓言教會(huì)我們堅(jiān)持.Childrenlovefablesbecausetheyareentertainingandinstructive.孩子們喜歡寓言,因?yàn)樗鼈兗扔腥び钟薪逃饬x。fatal強(qiáng)調(diào)“不可避免的致命性”，多用于疾病、事故或命中注定的結(jié)局。例:Thecarcrashprovedfatalforthedriver.車禍對司機(jī)來說是致命的。deadly:側(cè)重“殺傷力強(qiáng)或?qū)嶋H致死”，常用于武器、毒藥等具象事物。例:Thesnakeinjectsdeadlyvenomintoitsprey.蛇將致命毒液注入獵物體內(nèi)。2).fairy仙女，精靈fairly很;非常fairadj.公平的n.集市fairytale童話故事定義:fairy指西方文化中具有魔法的小型超白然生物，常帶翅膀，形象多為善良或調(diào)皮.例句:Inthestory,afairygrantswishestothosewhohelpothers.(故事中，精靈會(huì)幫助他人的人實(shí)現(xiàn)愿望。)定義:fairly是程度副詞，表示“相當(dāng)、適度”，語氣比very弱，多用于褒義或中性語境.例句:ShespeaksEnglishfairlywell.她的英語說得相當(dāng)好。趣味聯(lián)想:fairy(仙女)想象帶翅膀的精靈在fair(集市)上跳舞，但fairly(很)吵鬧!3).fashionable時(shí)尚的fantastic極好的fascinate使著迷:迷住fashionable定義:指符合當(dāng)前流行趨勢的，強(qiáng)調(diào)外觀或風(fēng)格的現(xiàn)代感。例句:Shealwayswearsfashionableclothes.她總是穿得很時(shí)尚。搭配:fashionabletrend時(shí)尚潮流fashionablebrand時(shí)尚品牌反義詞:outdated(過時(shí)的)unstylish(不時(shí)尚的)fantastic定義:口語中表示“極好的、驚人的”，語氣比good更強(qiáng)烈，類似amazing或wonderful。例句:Youdidafantasticjob.你做得太出色了。fascinate定義:指強(qiáng)烈吸引某人的注意力或興趣，常因新奇或神秘感.例句:Themuseumfascinateschildren.博物館讓孩子們著迷。I'mfascinatedbyspaceexploration.我對太空探索很著迷.搭配:fascinating(形容詞，迷人的)afascinatingbook(一本引人入勝的書)befascinatedwith/by對…著迷He'sfascinatedwithancienthistory.他對古代歷史很著迷n./v.......le行得通的feather羽毛的featuren./v.特點(diǎn);以......為特征feasible定義:指計(jì)劃、想法或方法在現(xiàn)實(shí)中可以實(shí)施或?qū)崿F(xiàn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)“實(shí)際可行性”。例句:Theprojectseemsfeasiblewithcurrenttechnology.以現(xiàn)有技術(shù)來看，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是可行的。搭配:feasibilitystudy可行性研究feasiblesolution可行的解決方案反義詞:impractical(不切實(shí)際的)infeasible(不可行的)feather定義:鳥類的羽毛，也可象征輕盈或脆弱。例句:Sheworeadresswithfeatherdetails.她穿了一件帶羽毛裝飾的裙子。搭配:lightasafeather輕如羽毛feature名詞:某事物的顯著特點(diǎn)或特色。動(dòng)詞:以……為特征;起重要作用例句:Thephone'smainfeatureisitslongbatterylife.這款手機(jī)的主要特點(diǎn)是續(xù)航長Thefilmfeaturesafamousactor,這部電影由一位著名演員主演。搭配:keyfeature關(guān)鍵特點(diǎn)featurein在……中起重要作用趣味造句:Afeasibleplantoprotectbirds’feathersbecameakeyfeatureoftheconservationproject.(一個(gè)保護(hù)鳥類羽毛的可行方案成為該保護(hù)項(xiàng)目的關(guān)鍵特點(diǎn)。)5).float漂浮flow流動(dòng)blow爆炸:吹float定義:指物體因密度小于液體或氣體而懸浮或移動(dòng)，不沉底例句:Theballoonfloatedintothesky.氣球飄向天空。搭配:floaton/above漂浮于……上近義詞:drift(漂流)、hover(懸浮)flow定義:液體、氣體或抽象事物(如時(shí)間、信息)的持續(xù)移動(dòng)例句:Theriverflowsintothesea.河流匯入大海。Trafficflowssmoothlyinthemorning.早晨交通順暢。搭配:flowsmoothly流動(dòng)順暢cashflow現(xiàn)金流近義詞:stream(溪流)circulate(循環(huán))blow爆炸:因壓力或沖擊力突然破裂。吹:用氣流推動(dòng)或發(fā)出聲音。例句:Thetireblewout.(輪胎爆了。)Blowoutthecandles.(吹滅蠟燭。)搭配:blowup(爆炸;放大)blowaway(吹走:震驚)注意:過去式/過去分詞:blew(吹)、blown(被吹)6).fluent流利的frequently頻繁地fluent定義:指語言、表達(dá)或動(dòng)作流暢、自然，無停頓或障礙。例句:ShespeaksfluentFrench.她法語說得很流利。Hiswritingstyleisfluentandclear.他的文筆流暢清晰。搭配:fluentin精通某種語言fluentspeech流暢的表達(dá)近義詞:proficient熟練的smooth流暢的frequently定義:表示動(dòng)作或事件發(fā)生次數(shù)多，頻率高。例句:Hetravelsfrequentlyforwork.(他因工作頻繁出差。)搭配:frequentlyaskedquestions(FAQ)常見問題occurfrequently(頻繁發(fā)生)近義詞:often(經(jīng)常)、repeatedly(反復(fù)地)7).formal正式的former前者的，前任的formal定義:符合禮節(jié)、規(guī)范或官方要求的，與“informal(非正式的)”相對。例句:Themeetingwillbeheldinaformalsetting.(會(huì)議將在正式場合舉行。)Sheworeaformaldresstotheceremony.(她穿著禮服出席儀式。)搭配:formallanguage(正式用語)formaleducation(正規(guī)教育)formalinvitation(正式邀請)近義詞:official(官方的)、ceremonial(儀式的)former定義:前者的:指兩者中先提到的那個(gè)(與latter后者相對)。前任的:指曾擔(dān)任某職位的人例句:Iprefertea;formerismyfavorite.(我喜歡茶;前者是我的最愛。)Theformerpresidentgaveaspeech.(前任總統(tǒng)發(fā)表了講話。)搭配:theformer..thelatter..(前者...后者...)formercolleague(前任同事)formerstudent(往屆學(xué)生)近義詞:previous(之前的)、ex(前綴，表示“前任”，如exwife前妻)8).frame框架fame名聲frame定義:名詞:指支撐結(jié)構(gòu)或容器的邊框(如窗戶、畫框)，或抽象概念中的“框架”(如理論框架、時(shí)間框架)動(dòng)詞:指“設(shè)計(jì)框架”或“陷害”(如fameaplan設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)劃，framesomeone陷害某人)。例句:Thephotolooksbetterinawoodenframe.(照片裝在木框里更好看。)Thereportisbasedonatheoreticalframe.(報(bào)告基于一個(gè)理論框架。)Hewasframedforthecrime.(他被陷害了。)搭配:frameofreference(參考框架)timeframe(時(shí)間范圍)outlinetheframe(勾勒框架)近義詞:structure(結(jié)構(gòu))、skeleton(骨架)fame定義:指因成就、行為或媒體傳播而獲得的廣泛知名度例句:Sheachievedfameovernight.(她一夜成名。)Hisfamespreadacrossthecountry.(他的名聲傳遍全困。)搭配:risetofame(成名)internationalfame(國際聲譽(yù))seekfame(追求名聲)近義詞:reputation(聲譽(yù))、celebrity(名人)G1).gain獲得grain谷物grade等級gain定義:動(dòng)詞:通過努力或自然過程取得某物(如財(cái)富、知識(shí)、速度等)名詞:指“收益”或“增加”(如financialgain經(jīng)濟(jì)收益)。例句:Shegainedapromotionafteryearsofhardwork.(她多年努力后獲得了晉升。)Thepanyaimstogainmoremarketshare.(公司旨在獲得更多市場份額。)搭配:gainexperience(積累經(jīng)驗(yàn))gainweight(增重)gainmomentum(獲得動(dòng)力)近義詞:acquire(獲取)、obtain(取得)grain定義:指小麥、稻米等農(nóng)作物的顆粒，或木材/金屬的紋理。例句:Farmersharvestgraininautumn.(農(nóng)民在秋季收割谷物。)Thewoodhasafinegrain.(木材紋理細(xì)膩。)搭配:grainofsalt(持保留態(tài)度，如Takeitwithagrainofsalt)coarsegrain(粗顆粒)近義詞:cereal(谷物)、seed(種子)grade定義:名詞:指質(zhì)量、成績或職位的分級(如Agrade優(yōu)等)動(dòng)詞:指“評分”或“分等級”(如gradeexams批改試卷)。例句:Thiswineispremiumgrade.這款酒是特級品質(zhì)。Teachersgradestudents’papers.老師給學(xué)生的試卷評分。搭配:gradepointaverage(GPA)(平均績點(diǎn))upgrade/downgrade(升級/降級)近義詞:level(級別)rank(排名)二、語法填空1.ThereisafamoussayingbasedonthephilosophyofAristotle:“Wearewerepeatedlydo."2.LittleRosecareaboutherownsafety,thoughshewasingreatdangerherself.3.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmastershadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.4.Thereisnobetterplacetogetdelicious,filling,funandgloriousfoodinoneofthemanywetmarketsinShanghai.5.Thepoliceofferarewardtofindsthemissingluggageofthisoldlady.6.Hewonthebadmintonmatchthefactthathewasplayingwiththewronghand.7.Live,highdetailsatellitemappingcouldprobablybeusedtokeeptagsonanybodyatanytime,theperson'sknowledge.8.WhenIseeachildsubjecttothiskindofpressure,lthinkofDonnie.Hewasshy,nervousperfectionist.9.Likemanythingsinlife,it'songoingprocess,andthebestpartoftheprocessisthatthere'senoughroomforimprovement,meansyou'lljustkeepgettingbetterandbetter.10.We'vedecidedtoholdameetinginhonourallthepeoplethathavehelpedusout.11.Idoubtthescientificbreakthroughwillhaveaprofoundimpactonthefieldofmedicine.12.Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravellingdependslargelyonhegoeswith,whetherhisfriendsorrelatives.13.Whilethere'snosolidevidencepreservativesarebad,manypeopledon'tlikechemicalsintheirfood.14.Howeverdarktheroadaheadis,alwayskeepyourheaduptotheskybecausethat'syourdreamslie.15.Thepanyrunsaclientcenteredmanagementaimistoengagepeople,involvethemandempowerthem.16.Thesizeandshapeofyournoseisdeterminedbytheclimateyoulive,accordingtoanewresearch.17.Therearebirdswhichkicktheiryoungoutatanearlystagetheycanproducenewchicks.18.IwouldalwaysliketodobusinesswiththosepeopleIcanrely.19.Youhavetoletusstruggleforourselves,wemustdieintheprocess.thedietisn'tspecificallydesignedforweightloss,manystudieshavedemonstratedthatsomefishmeatcouldleadtoweightloss.21.TimgotemotionalduringhiseventinNewYorkCityTuesdaynightrecallinghisrecentconversationwithdad.22.We'dbetterleaveamessageattheinformationdesksomebodyshouldeandvisitus.23.Peoplesharedtheirfood,ice,andgasoline.Peoplewhostillhadpoweropenedtheirhomestowhohadnone.三、閱讀理解高考題型和解題技巧通過詳細(xì)分析歷年高考英語試卷，我們可將閱讀理解歸納為以下幾種題型:主旨大意題，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題(含寫作意圖、目的等)，詞義猜測題。英語閱讀理解題的技巧與策略是學(xué)生提高閱讀理解多需要具備的。(一)主旨大意題(幾乎每年高考都有，1~3題)這類題在設(shè)題時(shí)常會(huì)用到title,subject,mainidea,topic,theme等詞1.歸納標(biāo)題題特點(diǎn):短小精悍，一般多為一個(gè)短語;涵蓋性強(qiáng)，一般能覆蓋全文意思;精確性強(qiáng)，表達(dá)范圍要恰當(dāng)，不能隨意改變語意程度或色彩。常見命題形式有:What'sthebesttitleforthetext?Thebesttitleforthispassageis.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?例題精講:例1:RoberF,Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry'sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslife.”WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisafaultyconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK'sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry'seconomicprospects?Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytotransformedgrowthintowellbeingthrowssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteria(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))fromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreprehensiveassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabudding(初見端倪的)economicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn'tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhueimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,ineequalityandtheenvironment.Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthemeremeasureofacountry'ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.So,whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostmonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducationoutesallthingsthatcontributetoaperson'ssenseofwellbeing.ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwellbeingandforgrowth,ButpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwellbeingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheheralded(預(yù)示的)disasterandmayevenseeprogress.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HighGDPButInadequatewellbeing,aUKLessonB.GDPFigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealthC.RebortF.Kennedy,apersonputsanendtoGDPD.Brexit,theUK'sGatewaytoWellbeing例2:Despitebeingusedby1.34billionpeopleeachyear,travelingontheTubeinLondoncanactuallybequitelonely.Onecitizen,however,istryingtochangethis.“YougetontheTubeandit'spletelysilentandit'sweird,"saysJonathanDunne,whohasstartedaworldwidedialogueaftergivingoutbadges(徽章)withthewords“Tubechat?"lastmonth,encouragingpassengersinLondontogettalkingtooneanother.“Ihandedout500badgesduringrushhourinacityof8million,expectingmostofthemtobethrownaway,butafterabout24hoursitpletelysnowballed,"hesays.Dunneandhis“Tubechat"campaignhavesincebeenreportedbymediaacrosstheworld,seeingTVinterviewsinSweden,BrazilandtheUK,aswellascountlesswebsite,newspaperandmagazineappearances.AlthoughDunnesayshe,sreceivedmostlypositivefeedback,noteveryoneagreeswithhisidea.LondonerBrianWilsonrespondedwithacampaignofhisown,handingout500badgeswiththewords“Don'teventhinkaboutit"onthem.MichaelRobinson,24,astudentfromLondon,agrees.“BeingontheTubeistheonlypeaceandquietsomepeoplegetontheirjourneystoandfromwork,Itdoesn'tneedtobespoiledbypeopleingupandchattingtoyou,"hesays.“PeopleassumethatIjustwalkupandtalktostrangers,whichIdon't,butit'sbeenagreatwaytomeetpeopleyouwouldneverhavenormallyspokento,”Dunnesays.SoifyoueverendupusingpublictransportintheWest,whynotsayhellotothepersonnexttoyou?Justmakesuretocheckforabadgefirst.1.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TubeChatorNotB.LonelyTravelintheLondonTubeC.SilenceontheTubeD.TubePassengersWearingBadges2.概括大意題包括尋找段落大意(topic)和文章中心思想(mainidea)，常見命題形式有:Whatisthegeneral/mainideaofthepassage?Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainidea?Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat.Thepassage/textismainlyabout.What'sthearticlemainlyabout?例1:Thisisalistoftheoriginsofsomeslangwordsorphrasesthatwealluseregularly.ThesewordsaremoninalmostallEnglishspeakingnations.......1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Themostmonlyusedslangwordsintheworld.B.TheoriginsofsomemostmonlyusedslangwordsorphrasesC.TheoriginsofEnglishwordsandphrases.DmonwordsandphrasesinEnglishspeakingcountries解題技巧:閱讀理解文章多是議論文和說明文，這兩種文體的結(jié)構(gòu)可歸納為:提出問題論述問題得出結(jié)論或者闡明觀點(diǎn)。對于這類文章，抓主題句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主題句一般出現(xiàn)在文章的開頭或結(jié)尾。主題句具有簡潔性、概括性的特點(diǎn)。主題句在文章中的位置主要有以下幾種情況:位于段首:一般而言，以演繹法撰寫的文章，主題句往往在文章的開頭，即先點(diǎn)出主題，然后圍繞這一主題作具體的陳述。判斷第一句是否為主題句，可具體分析段落的首句與第二，三句的關(guān)系；如果從第二句就開始對第一句進(jìn)行說明，論述或描述，那第一句就是主題句。有些段落，在主題句后面有明顯引出細(xì)節(jié)的信號詞，如forexample,anexampleof,first,second,next,last,finally,tobeginwith,also,besides,one,theother,some,others等。在閱讀中應(yīng)盡量利用上述信號詞來確定主題句的位置。例1:Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven’teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplantandfreshfruit.0therscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfastfoods:ahamburgerorhotdog.Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.位于段尾:有些文章會(huì)在開頭列舉事實(shí)，然后通過論證闡述作者的核心論點(diǎn)。因此，如果第一句話不是概括性的或綜合性的話，最好快速讀一讀段落的最后一個(gè)句子，看看它是否具備主題句的特征。如果它具備主題句的特征，段落的主題思想就很容易確定了。一般說來，當(dāng)一種觀點(diǎn)不易向人解釋清楚或不易被人接受時(shí),主題句便會(huì)到段落的末尾才出現(xiàn)。學(xué)生可以充分利用引出結(jié)論的信號詞。如so,therefore,thus，consequently;inconclusion,inshort;inaword,tosumup等來確定主題句的位置在段尾。當(dāng)無明顯的此類信號時(shí)，學(xué)生可在段落的最后一句話前面添加一個(gè)引出結(jié)論的信號詞,以確定其是否是主題句。例2:AmericansmightbeembarrassedbecausetheirJapanesefriendsaresoformalwiththem.JapanesemightfeelinsultedbecauseAmericanacquaintancesgreetthemcasually.Still,theformsofgreetinginbothcountriesonlyshowrespectforothers.ItjusthappensthatAmericansandJapanesehaveadifferentwayoflookingathumanrelationshipsandthushaveadifferentwayofshowingrespect.位于段中:有時(shí)段落是先介紹背景和細(xì)節(jié)，接著用一句綜合或概括性的話概括前面所說的內(nèi)容或事例，然后再圍繞主題展開對有關(guān)問題的深入討論。這種文章的主題句往往會(huì)在段落中間出現(xiàn)。歸納起來主要有兩種情況:先提出問題，然后給予回答(主題句)，最后給予解釋;或者，先提出問題，然后點(diǎn)出主題思想(主題句)，最后給予解釋。例3:InspiteofthefactthatcarsfromGermanyandJapanarefloodingtheAmericanmarket.Ford,GeneralMotors,andChryslerareemployingmoreworkersthaneverbefore.ThefloodofcheaperforeigncarshasnotcostAmericanautoworkerstheirjobassomeexpertsexpected.FordoperatesasfarasAsia,andGeneralMotorsisconsideredAustralia'sbiggestemployer.YetGeneralMotorshasitshugeAmericanworkforceandemployshundredsofpeopleeverydaytomeettheneedsofaninsatiablesociety.首尾呼應(yīng):主題句在段落的開頭和結(jié)尾兩個(gè)位置上先后出現(xiàn)，形成前呼后應(yīng)的格局。這兩個(gè)主題句敘說的是同一個(gè)內(nèi)容，但用詞不盡相同，這樣不但強(qiáng)調(diào)了主題思想，而且顯得靈活多變。這兩個(gè)句子并非簡單重復(fù)，后一個(gè)主題句或?qū)υ撝黝}作最后的評述，或?qū)σc(diǎn)作一概括，或使之引中留給讀者去思考。無明確主題句:找關(guān)鍵詞(出現(xiàn)頻率較高)，歸納總結(jié)。注意：新題型中有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)是干擾項(xiàng)，解答此類題時(shí)同學(xué)易犯以下三種錯(cuò)誤：

表述過于片面，只涵蓋該段個(gè)別細(xì)節(jié)；

(2)表述太過于籠統(tǒng)，已經(jīng)超出該段的內(nèi)容；

(3)表述與段落內(nèi)容無關(guān)，在段落中找不到相關(guān)依據(jù)（二）細(xì)節(jié)理解題考查內(nèi)容主要涉及時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因、結(jié)果、數(shù)字等議論文中例證細(xì)節(jié)和定義類細(xì)節(jié)。這類題目的共同特點(diǎn)是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。當(dāng)然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，大家需要根據(jù)文章提供的信息自己組織語句回答問題。1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題→尋讀法

分為直接理解題和間接理解題，前者常用who,what,which,when,where,why和how提問，或判斷正誤；后者需與原文信息轉(zhuǎn)換，表達(dá)上與原文有差異。常見命題形式有：Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

Allthefollowingarementionedexcept

Whichofthefollowingismentioned(notmentioned)?

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/right/false/wrongabout…?

2.排列順序題→首尾定位法（找出第一個(gè)事件和最后一個(gè)事件，用排除法縮小范圍）

常出現(xiàn)在記敘文和說明文中，一般按事件發(fā)生的順序。常見命題形式有：

Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderof…?

WhichofthefollowingshowsthepathofsignalsdescribedinParagraph…?3.圖文匹配題→按圖索驥理清線索

設(shè)題形式：給出圖表，根據(jù)圖表提問問題。4.數(shù)字計(jì)算題→（方法：審題→帶著問題找細(xì)節(jié)→對比、分析、計(jì)算）

可直接找到相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)，但需經(jīng)過計(jì)算方可找到答案。(三)推理判斷題主要考查大家對文章中隱含或深層的含意的理解能力。它要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容做出合乎邏輯的推斷，包括考生對作者觀點(diǎn)的理解，態(tài)度的判斷，對修辭、語氣、隱含意思等的理解。題干關(guān)鍵詞：infer(推斷),indicate(象征，暗示),imply/suggest(暗示),conclude(作出結(jié)論),assume(假定，設(shè)想)1.細(xì)節(jié)推理判斷題

一般可根據(jù)短文提供的信息或借助生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷，常見命題形式有：Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthetextthat__________.

Theauthorimplies/suggeststhat_____.Wemayinferthat_________.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedbutNOTstated?

2.預(yù)測推理判斷題

根據(jù)語篇對文章接下來的內(nèi)容或可能的結(jié)局進(jìn)行猜測，常見命題形式有：Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenif/when…?

Attheendofthispassage,thewritermightcontinuetowrite_3.推測文章來源或讀者對象

常見命題形式有：Thepassageisprobablytakeoutof_____Thepassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_____Wheredoesthistextprobablyefrom?4.寫作意圖、目的、態(tài)度推斷題

作者的語氣態(tài)度往往不會(huì)直接寫在文章里，只能通過細(xì)讀文章，從作者的選詞及其修飾手段中體會(huì)出來。詢問寫作目的的題，選項(xiàng)里常出現(xiàn)的詞是：explain(解釋),prove(證明),persuade(勸說),advise(勸告),ment(評論),praise(贊揚(yáng)),criticize(批評),entertain(娛樂),demonstrate(舉例說明),argue(辯論),tell(講述),analyze(分析)等。詢問語氣態(tài)度的題，選項(xiàng)里常出現(xiàn)的詞是：neutral(中立的),sympathetic(同情的),satisfied(滿意的),friendly(友好的),enthusiastic(熱情的),subjective(主觀的),objective(客觀的),matteroffact(實(shí)事求是的),pessimistic(悲觀的),optimistic(樂觀的),critical(批評的),doubtful(懷疑的),hostile(敵對的),indifferent(冷淡的),disappointed(失望的)。常見命題形式

Thepurposeofthetextis____.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext?Bymentioning…,theauthoraimstoshowthat_____.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards…?

Whatistheauthor’sopinionon…?

Theauthor’stoneinthispassageis__.解答技巧

推斷題是考查大家透過文章表面的文字信息進(jìn)行分析、綜合、歸納等邏輯推理的能力。推理和判斷必須以事實(shí)為依據(jù)，切莫主觀臆斷。

①那些文章中直接陳述的內(nèi)容不能選，要選擇根據(jù)文章推理出來的選項(xiàng)。

②推理不是憑空猜測，而是立足已知推斷未知；作出正確答案時(shí)一定要在文中找到依據(jù)或理由。

③要忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)。不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的想法；不要脫離原文主觀臆斷。（四）詞義猜測題考點(diǎn)：①猜測某個(gè)詞、詞組、句子的意義②對文中的多義詞或詞組進(jìn)行定義③判斷某個(gè)代詞的指代的對象。常見命題形式有：Theunderlinedword/phraseinthesecondparagraphmeans_____.

Theword“it/they”inthelastsentencerefersto______.

Theword“…”（Line6.para.2）probablymeans______.

Theword“…”（Line6.para.2）couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword“…”?解答技巧

1.通過因果關(guān)系猜詞通過因果關(guān)系猜詞首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后才能猜詞。有時(shí)文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，ofcourse，therefore等等)表示前因后果。

例如：Youshouldn'thaveblamedhimforthat，foritwasn'thisfault.

通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯(cuò))，可猜出blame的詞義是"責(zé)備"。

2.通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞

通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，如happyandgay，即使我們不認(rèn)識(shí)gay這個(gè)詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞，如ManhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsVenus，Mars，andJupiterwiththehelpofspaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均為生詞，但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個(gè)詞都屬于"行星"這一義域。通過反義詞猜詞，一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but，while，however等；二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語，如：Heissohomely，notatallashandsomeashisbrother.根據(jù)notatall...handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。

3.通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞

根據(jù)前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等構(gòu)詞知識(shí)判斷生詞詞義。如：Sheisunlikelytohavestolenthemoney.(“un”含否定意義，故為“不太可能”之意。)

4.通過定義或釋義關(guān)系來推測詞義

例如：Butsometimes，norainfallsforalong，longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod，ordrought.從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的時(shí)期，即drought，由此可見drought意思為"久旱"，"旱災(zāi)"。而adryperiod和drought是同義語。這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由is，or，thatis，inotherwords，becalled或破折號等來表示。5.通過句法功能來推測詞義

例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconutsandsomeotherkindoffruitgrowinwarmareas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞，我們可以從這兩個(gè)詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同類關(guān)系，同屬fruit類，因此它們是兩樣水果，準(zhǔn)確地說，是菠蘿和椰子。

6.通過描述猜詞

描述即作者對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的描寫。例如：ThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPole.Itisfatandwalksinafunnyway.Althoughitcannotfly，itcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish.從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類。后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習(xí)性。

7.根據(jù)常識(shí)猜詞

如：Thedoorwassolowthathehithisheadonthelintel.（lintel“過梁”。）Afraidofwakingthebabyup,shetiptoedoutoftheroom.（tiptoed“踮著腳走，躡手躡腳”）四、重點(diǎn)單詞&詞組重要考點(diǎn)匯編&應(yīng)用文寫作翻譯1.影視劇中虛構(gòu)的情節(jié)往往被誤認(rèn)為是真實(shí)生活。(mistake)2.今年年末,上海所有的公共收費(fèi)停車場都將使車主能使用數(shù)字支付,比如交通卡、支付寶、微信和ETC。(enable)3.據(jù)報(bào)道數(shù)以百計(jì)的消防員正在參加營救行動(dòng)。4.這位偉大的科學(xué)家以他杰出的學(xué)術(shù)成就,堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志和樂觀的態(tài)度著稱于世。(known)5.與成年人相比，年輕人更容易犯錯(cuò)誤是因?yàn)樗麄儾粔虺墒?，缺少?jīng)驗(yàn)。(likely)6.在澳大利亞期間，他養(yǎng)成了每天和父母視頻通話的習(xí)慣。(habit)7.應(yīng)該采取措施阻止新病毒的蔓延。(stop)8.為何不利用這宜人的天氣出去野餐呢?(advantage)應(yīng)用文專題高考加分背誦篇1.Itisagreathonorformetointroducetoyouoneofmyverybestfriend,LiuXiang.很榮幸給你介紹我的一位好朋友，劉翔。2.ingfromafamilyofEnglishteachers,shealwayshadaparticularinterestinEnglish.出于英語教師世家的她，對英語有著特別的興趣。描寫人物性格的高級得分詞匯如下:diligent勤奮的c]energetic精力充沛的humorous幽默的attractive有吸引力的modest謙虛的optimistic樂觀的talkative健談的enthusiastic熱情的3.IhavefullyrealizedthatEnglishisessentialtomyfuture.我充分認(rèn)識(shí)到英語對我的未來是多么的重要。4.[supposeelectronicdictionariesareconvenient,butleadtolaziness!我覺得電子字典很方便，但會(huì)使人們變懶。5.Inconclusion,theadvantagesofstudyingabroadoutweighitsdisadvantages.總之,出國留學(xué)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)要大于它的缺點(diǎn)。6.Now,Ithinkitisreallysuccessfulexperience,andItotallyunderstandwhatlabormeans.現(xiàn)在，我想這真是一次成功的經(jīng)歷，并且我完全理解了勞動(dòng)的意義。7.Fromthisearthquake,Irealizedthatthepowerofthemassisendless.通過這次的地震，我認(rèn)識(shí)到了群眾的力量是無窮的。8.Ifyouhavesparetimetovisitmyhometown,I'dbemorethanhappytobeyourguide.如果你有空閑時(shí)間我的家鄉(xiāng)做客，我會(huì)非常樂意做你的導(dǎo)游。9.Nowadays,bothteachersandparentsworryagreatdealaboutthestudent'susingtheInternet.如今，老師和家長都對學(xué)生上網(wǎng)現(xiàn)象極為擔(dān)心。10.Viewsontheissueinquestionvaryfrompersontoperson.對于該問題的看法因人而異11.Weareblessedwithnewopportunitiesandfacedwithnewchallenges.我們被賦予新的機(jī)會(huì)和面臨著新的挑戰(zhàn)。12.Ireallyappreciatewhatyou'vedoneformyfamilyandme.我衷心感謝你為我和我家人所做的一切。13.WeshouldbeverygratefulifyouhelpourchildrenwiththeirEnglishstudy.如果你幫助我們小孩學(xué)英語。Directions:WriteanEnglishpositionin120150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.在不斷發(fā)展的教育環(huán)境中，學(xué)生們在課堂上記筆記的方式也發(fā)生了顯著的變化。為了更深入地了解這一趨勢，明啟中學(xué)學(xué)生會(huì)決定展開一項(xiàng)有關(guān)“高中生記筆記方式”的調(diào)查，想了解高中生在課堂上更青味使用傳統(tǒng)紙筆記筆記還是現(xiàn)代高科技產(chǎn)品拍照記筆記。假設(shè)你是李華，請給學(xué)生會(huì)寫一封郵件表達(dá)你的想法。你的郵件必須滿足以下要求:你的選擇;你的理由。注:文中不得提及你的真實(shí)姓名或?qū)W校?！靖呒墏溆脝卧~和詞組】1.intheconstantlyevolvingeducationallandscape在不斷發(fā)展的教育環(huán)境中2.undergosignificantchanges經(jīng)歷顯著變化3.gaindeeperinsights獲得更深入的了解4.carryoutaprehensiveinvestigation進(jìn)行全面調(diào)查5.optfortraditionalpenandpapernotetaking選擇傳統(tǒng)的紙筆記筆記6.embracemoderntechnologicaladvancements接受現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的進(jìn)步7.capturenotesthroughmodernhightechdevices通過現(xiàn)代高科技設(shè)備記錄筆記8.assumetheroleofaparticipant扮演參與者的角色9.drawconclusionsbasedonthoroughanalysis基于徹底分析得出結(jié)論10.expresspersonalviewpointsandrationale表達(dá)個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)和理由11.advocateforaspecificapproach倡導(dǎo)特定方法12.facilitateeffectivelearningstrategies促進(jìn)有效的學(xué)習(xí)策略13.enhancecognitiveprocesses提高認(rèn)知過程14.stimulateactiveengagementinthelearningprocess刺激學(xué)習(xí)過程中的積極參與15.optimizeeducationaloutes優(yōu)化教育結(jié)果16.exhibitcriticalthinkingskills展示批判性思維能力【模板套句】開頭:1.Iamwritingtoexpressmyviewsonthetopicofnotetakingmethodsinhighschoolclassrooms.(我寫信是為了表達(dá)我對高中課堂記筆記方式的觀點(diǎn)。)2.Iamwritingtosharemyperspectiveonthepreferencefortraditionalpapernotesversusmoderntechnologybasednotetakingmethodsamonghighschoolstudents.(我寫信是為了分享我對高中生對傳統(tǒng)紙筆記和現(xiàn)代科技筆記方式的偏好的看法。)3.Iamwritingtocontributemythoughtsonthechangingtrendsinnotetakingstrategieswithintheevolvingeducationallandscape.(我寫信是為了貢獻(xiàn)我對不斷發(fā)展的教育環(huán)境中記筆記策略變化趨勢的看法。)4.Iamwritingtodiscusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofusingtraditionalpapernotesversusmoderntechnologyfornotetakinginhighschoolclassrooms.(我寫信是為了討論在高中課堂上使用傳統(tǒng)紙筆記與現(xiàn)代科技記筆記方式的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。)中間行文:1.Inmyopinion,usingmoderntechnologyfornotetakingpurposescangreatlyenhancestudents'learningefficiencyandeffectiveness.(在我看來，使用現(xiàn)代科技記筆記可以極大地提高學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)效率和效果。)2.Ibelievethattraditionalpapernoteshavetheirownadvantages,suchaspromotingbetterfocusandprehensionduringlecture,(我相信傳統(tǒng)紙筆記有其自身的優(yōu)勢，比如在講座期間促講更好的專注和理解。)3.Ithinkthatthechoicebetweentraditionalpapernotesandmoderntechnologybasednotetakingmethodsdependsonindividualpreferencesandlearningstyles.(我認(rèn)為在傳統(tǒng)紙筆記和現(xiàn)代科技筆記方式之間的選擇取決于個(gè)人偏好和學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格。)五、課后作業(yè)1.Attherehearsalforthecharityshow,thetrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud,butIwasn'tbotheredbyhisloudnessbyhislackoftalent.A.thanB.morethanC.asD.somuchas2.Franklyspeaking,suchefficientstrategiesforreadingeverystudentcouldbenefitfrominlearningshouldbeappliedinEnglishcourses.A.whenB.thatC.asD.where3.Theguidelinesaimtopreventthegrowingpracticeofyoungchildreninawaythatpushesthembeyondwhatchildrenattheirageshouldlearn.A.educatedB.toeducateC.beingeducatedD.educating,thecraftsmandecidedtopassontheskillatcarvingjadetohim.A.Theyoungman'sbeinginterestedB.TheyoungmanbeinginterestedC.TheyoungmanisinterestedD.Theyoungmantobeinterested5.WasGrandpagladtoseehisoldfriendsatthealumnigatheringyesterday?Yes,hewas.Hehisoldfriendsforyears.A.hasn'tseenB.hadn'tseenC.didn'tseeD.wouldn'tsee6.Sustainabledevelopmentisallaboutcreatingbetterhealthcare,education,housingandimprovedstandardoflivingforeveryone,whichisasimpleidea,ishardtoputintopractice,especiallyindevelopingandunderdevelopedcountries.A.oneB.theoneC.onethatD.that7.It'ssaidthatinBrazilandotherLatinAmericancountries,mealscanforhoursthere'snosuchthingasrushingameal.A.arrangeB.spillC.functionD.stretch