年全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試真題及答案解析英語(yǔ)（二）附答案解析（科目代碼：204）SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Therearemanyunderstandablereasonswhyyoumightfinditdifficulttoaskforhelpwhenyouneedit.Psychologistshavebeeninterestedinthis1fordecades,notleastbecausepeople'swidespread2toaskforhelphasledtosomehigh-profilefailures.Askingforhelptakes3.Itinvolvescommunicatinganeedonyourpart—there'ssomethingyoucan'tdo.4,you'rebroadcastingyourownweakness,whichcanbe5.Youmighthave6aboutlosingcontrolofwhateveritisyouareaskingforhelpwith.7someonestartstohelp,perhapstheywilltakeover,orgetacreditforyourearlyefforts.Yetanother8thatyoumightbeworriedaboutisbeinganuisanceor9thepersonyougotoforhelp.Ifyoustrugglewithlowself-esteem,youmightfinditespeciallydifficultto10forhelpbecauseyouhavetheaddedworryoftheotherperson11yourrequest.Youmightseesuchrefusalsasimplyingsomething12aboutthestatusofyourrelationshipwiththem.To13thesedifficulties,trytoremindyourselfthateveryoneneedshelpsometimes.Nobodyknowseverythingandcandoeverythingallbythemselves.Andwhileyoumight14comingacrossasincompetent,there'sactuallyresearchthatshowsthatadvice-seekersare15asmorecompetent,notless.Perhapsmostencouragingofallisapaperfrom2022byresearchersatStanfordUniversity,inCalifornia,thatinvolvedamixofcontrivedhelp-seekinginteractionsandaskingpeopleto16timesthey'dsoughthelpinthepast.Thefindingsshowedthathelp-seekersgenerallyunderestimatedhow17otherpeoplewillbetohelpandhowgooditwillmakethehelp-giverfeel(formostpeople,havingthechancetohelpsomeoneishighly18).Sobearallthisinmindthenexttimeyouneedtoaskforhelp.19,takecareoverwhoyouaskandwhenyouaskthem.Andifsomeonecan'thelprightnow,avoidtakingitpersonally.Theymightjustbetoo20,ortheymightnotfeelconfidentabouttheirabilitytohelp.1.[A]illusion[B]discussion[C]tradition[D]question2.[A]reluctance [B]ambition [C]tendency [D]enthusiasm3.[A]attention [B]talent [C]courage [D]patience4.[A]Atanytimes [B]Inotherwords [C]Byallmeans [D]Onthecontrary5.[A]unrealistic [B]deceptive [C]tiresome [D]uncomfortable6.[A]doubts [B]concerns [C]suggestions [D]secrets7.[A]once [B]unless [C]although [D]before8.[A]theory [B]choice [C]factor [D]context9.[A]overpraising [B]outperforming [C]reassessing [D]inconveniencing10.[A]reachout [B]setdown [C]turnover [D]lookback11.[A]declining [B]considering [C]criticizing [D]evaluating12.[A]unnecessary [B]negative [C]strange [D]impractical13.[A]explain [B]identify [C]predict [D]overcome14.[A]deny [B]forget [C]miss [D]fear15.[A]disguised [B]perceived [C]followed [D]introduced16.[A]recall [B]classify [C]analyse [D]compare17.[A]brave [B]disapproving [C]willing [D]hesitant18.[A]relaxing [B]surprising [C]rewarding [D]demanding19.[A]Thus [B]Also [C]Finally [D]Instead20.[A]polite [B]proud [C]busy [D]lazySectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1U.S.customershistoricallytippedthepeopletheyassumedwereearningmostoftheirincomeviatips,suchasrestaurantservesearninglessthantheminimumwage.Intheearly2010s,awiderangeofbusinessstandardprocessingpurchaseswithipadsandotherdigitalpaymentsystems.Thesesystemoftenpromptedcustomerstotipforservicesthatwerenotpreviouslytipped.Today'stiprequestsareoftenconnectedtothesalaryandservicenormsthatusedtodeterminewhenandhowpeopletip.Customersinthepastmerelyalwayspaythetipsafterreceivingaservice,suchasattheconclusionofarestaurantmealaftergettingahaircutoronceapizzawasdelivered.Thattimingcouldrewardhigh-qualityserviceandgiveworthlessanincentivetoprovideit.It'sbecomingmorecommonfortipstoberequestedbeforehand.Andnewtippingtechnologymayevenautomaticallyaddtips.Theprevalenceofdigitalpaymentdeviceshasmadeiteasiertoaskcustomersforatip.Thathelpsexplainwhytiprequestsarecreepingintonewkindsofservices.Customersnowroutinelyseemenusofsuggesteddefaultoptions--oftenwellabove20%ofwhattheyowe.Theamountshaverisenfrom10%orlessinthe1950sto15%aroundtheyear2000to20%orhighertoday.Thisincreaseissometimescalledtipflation—theexpectationofever-highertipamounts.Tippinghasalwaysbeenavitalsourceofincomeforworkersinhistoricallytippedservices,likerestaurants,wherethetippedminimumwagecanbeaslowasUS$2.13anhour.Tipcreepandtipflationarenowfurthersupplementingtheincomeofmanylow-wageserviceworkers.Notably,tippingprimarilybenefitssomeoftheseworkerssuchascooksanddishwashers,soensurethatallemployeeswerepaidfairwages.Somerestaurantsbannedtippingandincreasedprices,butthismovementtowardsnot-tippingserviceshaslargelyfizzledout.Sotoincreaseemployeewageswithoutraisingprices,moreemployersaresuccumbingtotemptationsoftipcreepandtipflation.However,manycustomersarefrustratedbecausetheyfeeltheyarebeingaskedfortoohighofatiptoooften.And,asourresearchemphasizestippingnowseemstobemorecoercive,lessgenerous,andoftencompletelydisassociatedfromservicequality.21.AccordingtoParagraph1,thepracticeoftippingintheU.S.[A]wasregardedasasignofgenerosity[B]wasconsideredessentialforwaiters[C]wasawayofrewardingdiligence[D]wasoptionalinmostbusinesses22.Comparedwithtipsinthepast,today'stips[A]arepaidmuchlessfrequently[B]arelessoftenrequestedinadvance[C]havelesstodowithservicequality[D]contributelesstoworkers'income23.Tiprequestsarecreepingintonewkindsofservicesasaresultof[A]theadvancementoftechnology[B]thedesireforincomeincrease[C]thediversificationofbusiness[D]theemergenceoftipflation24.Themovementtowardno-tippingserviceswasintendedto[A]promoteconsumption[B]enrichincomesources[C]maintainreasonableprices[D]guaranteeincomefairness25.Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthattipping[A]isbecomingaburdenforcustomers[B]helpsencouragequalityservice[C]isvitaltobusinessdevelopment[D]reflectstheneedtoreducepricesText2Whenitwasestablished,theNationalHealthService(NHS)wasvisionary:offeringhigh-quality,timelycaretomeetthedominantneedsofthepopulationitserved.Nearly75yearson,withtheUKfacingverydifferenthealthchallenges,itisclearthatthemodelisoutofdate.Fromthelifeexpectancytocancerandinfantmortalityrates,wearelaggingbehindmanyofourpeers.Withmorethan6.8milliononwaitlists,healthcareisbecomingincreasinglyinaccessibleforthosewhocannotopttopayforprivatetreatment;andthecostofprovidinghealthcareisincreasinglysqueezingourinvestmentinotherpublicservices.Asdemandforhealthcarecontinuestogrow,pressuresontheworkforce-whichisalreadynearbreakingpoint—willonlybecomemoreacute.Manyoftheanswerstothecrisisinthehealthandcarearewellrehearsed.Weneedtobemuchbetteratreducinganddivertingdemandonhealthservices,ratherthansimplymanagingit.Muchmoreneedstobeinvestedincommunitiesandprimarycaretoreduceourrelianceonhospitals.Andcapacityinsocialcareneedstobegreater,tosupportthegrowingnumberofpeoplelivingwithlong-termconditions.Yetdespitetwodecadesofstrategiesandnumberofmajorhealthreforms,wehavefailedtomakemeaningfulprogressonanyoftheseaims.ThatiswhytheReformthinktankislaunchinganewprogrammeofworkentitled"Reimagininghealth",supportedbytenformerhealthministers.Together,wearecallingforamuchmoreopenandhonestconversationaboutthefutureofhealthintheUK,andon"urgentrethink"ofthehospitalcentricmodelweretain.Thismustbeginwiththequestionofhowwemaximisethehealthofthenation,ratherthan"fix"theNHS.Itisestimated,forexample,thathealthcareaccountsforonlyabout20%ofhealthoutcomes.Muchmoreimportantaretheplaceswelive,workandsocialise-yetthereisnoclearcross-governmentstrategyforimprovingthesesocialdeterminantsofhealth.Worse,whenpolicieslikethenationalobesitystrategyarescrapped,taxpayersareleftwiththeheftypricetagoftreatingtheillnesses,likediabetes,thatresult.Reformwantstoaskhowpowerandresourcesshouldbedistributedinourhealthsystem.Whathealthfunctionsshouldremainatthecentre,andwhatshouldbegiventolocalleaders,oftenresponsibleforservicesthatcreatehealth,andwithamuchbetterunderstandingoftheneedsoftheirpopulations?26.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,theNHS[A]istroubledbyfundingdeficiencies[B]canhardlysatisfypeople'sneeds[C]canbarelyretainitscurrentemployees[D]isrivaledbyprivatemedicalservices27.Oneanswertothecrisisinhealthandcareisto[A]boosttheefficiencyofhospitals[B]lightentheburdenonsocialcare[C]increaseresourcesforprimarycare[D]reducethepressureoncommunities28."Reimagininghealth"isaimedto[A]reinforcehospitalmanagement[B]readjusthealthcareregulations[C]restructurethehealthsystem[D]resumesuspendedhealthreforms29.Tomaximizethenation'shealth,theauthorsuggests[A]introducingrelevanttaxationpolicies[B]payingdueattentiontosocialfactors[C]reevaluatingmajorhealthoutcomes[D]enhancingthequalityofhealthcare30.Itcanbeinferredthatlocalleadersshould[A]exercisetheirpowermorereasonably[B]developastrongersenseofresponsibility[C]playabiggerroleinthehealthsystem[D]understandpeople'shealthneedsbetterText3Heatactionplans,orHAPs,havebeenproliferatinginIndiainthepastfewyears.Ingeneral,anHAPspellsoutwhenandhowofficialsshouldissueheatwarningsandalerthospitalsandotherinstitutions.Nagpur'splan,forinstance,callsforhospitalstosetasidecoldwards"inthesummerfortreatingheatstrokepatients,andadvisesbuilderstogiveconstructionlaborersabreakfromworkonveryhotdays.ButimplementationofexistingHAPshasbeenuneven,accordingtoareportfromthecenterforPolicyResearch.Manylackadequatefunding,itfound.Andtheirtriggeringthresholdsoftenarenotcustomizedtothelocalclimate.Insomeareas,highdaytimetemperaturesalonemightserveasanadequatetriggerforalerts.Butinotherplaces,nighttimetemperaturesorhumiditymightbeasimportantagaugeofriskasdaytimehighs.Mumbai'sAprilheatstrokedeathshighlightedtheneedformorenuancedandlocalizedwarnings,researcherssay.Thatday'shightemperatureofroughly36°Cwas1°Cshyoftheheatwavealertthresholdforcoastalcitiessetbynationalmeteorologicalauthorities.Buttheeffectsoftheheatwereamplifiedbyhumidity-anoftenneglectedfactorinheatalertsystems-andthelackofshadeatthelate-morningoutdoorceremony.TohelpimproveHAPs,urbanplannerKotharkar'steamisworkingonamodelplanthatoutlinesbestpracticesandcouldbeadaptedtolocalconditions.Amongotherthings,shesays,allcitiesshouldcreateavulnerabilitymaptohelpfocusresponsesonthepopulationsmostatrisk.Suchmappingdoesn'tneedtobecomplex,Kotharkarsays."Ausefulmapcanbecreatedbylookingatevenafewkeyparameters."Forexample,neighborhoodswithalargeelderlypopulationorinformaldwellingsthatcopepoorlywithheatcouldgetspecialwarningsorbebolsteredwithcoolingcenters.TheNagpurprojecthasalreadycreatedariskandvulnerabilitymap,whichenabledKotharkartotellofficialswhichneighborhoodstofocusonintheeventofaheatwavethissummer.HAPsshouldn'tjustincludeshort-termemergencyresponses,researcherssay,butalsorecommendmedium-tolong-termmeasuresthatcouldmakecommunitiescooler.InNagpur,forexample,Kotharkar'steamhasbeenabletoadvisecityofficialsaboutwheretoplanttreestoprovideshade.HAPscouldalsoguideeffortstoretrofithomesormodifybuildingregulations."Reducingdeathsinanemergencyisgoodtargettohave,butit'sthelowesttarget,"saysClimateresearchersChandniSingh.31.AccordingtoParagraph1,Nagpur'splanproposesmeasuresto[A]tackleextremeweather[B]ensureconstructionquality[C]monitoremergencywarnings[D]addressexcessiveworkloads32.OneproblemwithexistingHAPsisthatthey.[A]provetoocostlytobeimplemented[B]lacklocalizedalert-issuingcriteria[C]givedelayedresponsestoheatwaves[D]keephospitalsundergreatpressure33.Mumbai'scaseshowsthatIndia'sheatalertsystemsneedto[A]includeotherfactorsbesidestemperature[B]takesubtleweatherchangesintoaccount[C]prioritizepotentiallydisastrousheatwaves[D]drawfurthersupportfromlocalauthorities34.Kotharkarholdsthatavulnerabilitymapcanhelp[A]preventtheharmofhighhumidity[B]targetareasneedingspecialattention[C]expandtheNagpurproject'scoverage[D]makereliefplansforheat-strickenpeople35.Accordingtothelastparagraph,researchersbelievethatHAPsshould[A]focusmoreonheatstroketreatment[B]invitewiderpublicparticipation[C]applyformoregovernmentgrants[D]serveabroaderrangeofpurposesText4Navigatingbeyondtheorganisedpavementsandpartsofoururbanspaces,desirepathsaretheunofficialfootprintsofacommunity,revealingtheunspokenpreferences,sharedshortcutsandcollectivechoicesofhumans.Oftenappearingastroddendirttracksthroughotherwiseneatgreenspaces,theseroutesofcollectivedisobediencecutcorners,bisectlawnsandcrosshills,representingthenaturalcapabilityofpeoplesand,animals,togofrompointAtopointBmosteffectively.Urbanplannersinterpretdesirepathsasmorethanjustconvenientshortcuts;theyoffervaluableinsightsintothedynamicsbetweenplanningandbehaviour.OhioStateUniversityalloweditsstudentstonavigatetheOval,alawninthecentreofcampus,freely,thenproceededtopavethedesirepaths,creatingawebofeffectiveroutesstudentshadestablished.Yet,reluctancepersistsamongotherplannerstointegratedesirepathsintoformalplans,citingconcernsaboutsafety,environmentalimpact,orprimarily,aesthetics.ARedditwebpagedevotedtothephenomenon,boastingnearly50,000members,showcasesimagesoflocaldesirepathsadornedwithsignsinstructingpedestrianstoadheretodesignatedwalkways,underscoringtherebelliousnatureinherentinthesehuman-madetracks.Thisclashhighlightsanongoingstrugglebetweentheorganic,user-drivenevolutionofpublicspacesandthedesireforavisuallycuratedandcontrolledurbanenvironment.TheWickquasgeckTrailisanexampleofahistoricaldesirepath,createdbyNativeAmericanstocrosstheforestsofManhattanandmovebetweensettlementsquickly.Thistrail,whenDutchcolonistsarrived,waswidenedandmadeintooneofthemaintraderoadsacrosstheisland,knownatthetimeasdeHeereStraat,orGentlemen'sStreet.FollowingtheBritishassumptionofcontrolinNewYork,thestreetwasrenamedBroadway.Notably,BroadwaystandsoutasoneofthefewareasinNYCthatdefiesthegrid-basedsystemappliedtotherestofthecity,cuttingadiagonalacrosspartsofthecity.Inonlinespaces,desirepathshavesparkedafascinationthatcanapproachobsession,withtheRedditpageservingasahub.Contributorsofferawidearrayofstories,fromlittleknownnewshortcutstolong-establishedalternateroutes.Animaldesirepaths,suchasducksforgingtrailsthroughfrozenpondsordogscarvingdirectroutesingardens,highlighttheadaptabilityofthesetrailsinbothhumanandanimalexperiences.Asdesirepathscriss-crossthroughbothphysicalandvirtuallandscapes,theystandasaproofofthecollectiveinsistenceonforgingunconventionalroutesandembracingthespiritofcommunalchoice.36.AccordingtoParagraph1,desirepathsarearesultof[A]thecuriositytoexploresurroundinghills[B]thenecessitytopreservegreenspaces[C]thetendencytopursueconvenience[D]thewishtofindcomfortinsolitude37.ItcanbeinferredthatOhioStateUniversity[A]intendstoimproveitsdesirepaths[B]leadsintheresearchondesirepaths[C]guidesthecreationofitsdesirepaths[D]takesapositiveviewofdesirepaths38.TheimagesontheRedditwebpagereflect[A]conflictingopinionsontheuseofdesirepaths[B]thecalltoupgradethedesigningofpublicspaces[C]thedemandforproperplanningofdesirepaths[D]growingconcernsoverthelossofpublicspaces39.TheexampleoftheWickguasgeckTrailillustrates[A]thegrowthofNewYorkCity[B]theDutchoriginofdesirepaths[C]theimportanceofurbanplanning[D]therecognitionofdesirepaths40.Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthatdesirepaths.[A]revealhumans'deeprespectfornature[B]arecrucialtohumans'mentalwell-being[C]areahumanimitationofanimalbehavior[D]showasharedtraitinhumansandanimals PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A]Staypositive[E]Inviteresistance[B]Respectthepast[F]Beasalesman[C]Usechannels[G]Behumble[D]GiveittimeFiveStepstoSuggestingaChangeatWorkThat'llActuallyGetTakenSeriouslyEveryonewantstobethatperson-theonewholooksatthesameinformationaseveryoneelse,butwhoseesafresh,innovativesolution.However,ittakesmorethansimplyhavingagoodidea.Howyoushareitisasimportantasthesuggestionitself.Why?Becausewritinganewscript-literallyorfiguratively-meansthatotherteammemberswillhavetoadapttosomethingnew.Sowhetheryou'resuggestinga(seemingly)benignchangelikestreamliningoutdatedprotocol,orabiggerchangelikeaddinganhourtoeachworkdaysopeoplecanleaveearlyonFridays,you'reaskingotherstoreimaginetheirworkfloworschedule.Nottomention,iftheprocessyourscrappingisonesomeoneelsesuggested,there'sthepossibilityofhurtfeelings.Togainbuy-inonaninnovative,newidea,followthesesteps:41.Greatideasdon'tstandalone.Inotherwords,youcan'tmentionyoursuggestiononceandexpectittobeadopted.Toseeachange,you'llneedtochampionyourplanandsellitsmerits.Inaddition,youneedtobewillingtostanduptoscrutinyandcriticismandbepreparedtoexplainyourinnovationindifferentwaysforvariousaudiences.42.Sometimesitmakessensetogotoyourbossfirst.Butothertimes,it'susefultobuildacoalitionamongyourco-workersorotherstakeholders.Whenitworks,itworksgreatbecauseyou'rereadyforyourstubbornsupervisor'spushbackwithanswerslike,Actually,Iconnectedwithafewpeopleinourtechdepartmenttodiscusshowmuchtimethesekindsofwebsiteupdateswouldtake,andtheysuggestedtheyhavethebandwidth.43.Oneofthebiggestbarrierstogainingbuy-inoccurswhentheownerofanideaisviewedasargumentative,defensive,orclose-minded.Because,let'sbehonest:Noonelikesaknowit-all.So,ifpeopledisagreewithyou,don'tbeindignant.Instead,listentotheirconcernsfully,trytounderstandtheirperspective,andincludetheirconcerns(andpossibleremedies)infuturediscussions.So,insteadofsaying,"Martha,ourcurrentsloganisconfusingandshouldbeupdated,"youcouldtry,"Martharaisesagreatpointthatourcurrentsloganhasalonghistoryforourstakeholders,butIwonderifwemightabletobrainstormataglinethatcouldbuildonthatandbeclearerfornewcustomers."44.Newideasarethegrandchildrenofoldones.Inotherwords,don'tthrowoldsolutionsunderthebustomakeyourimprovementstandout.Rememberthatinlightofwhatevertheproblemtheoldsystemsolved-or,maybe,hasfailedtosolveinrecentmemory—itwasagreatideaatthetime.Appreciatingtheoldercontributionsasyousuggestfutureinnovationshelpsbolsterthecredibilityofyouridea.45.Whenpitchinganewidea,it'simportantusethelanguageofabundanceinsteadofthelanguageofdeficit.Insteadofsayingwhatiswrong,broken,orsuboptimal,talkaboutwhatisright,fixable,orideal.Forexample,try,"Icanseelotsofapplicationsforthisnewapproach"ratherthan,"Thisinnovationistheonlyway."Beoptimisticbutrealistic,andyouwillstandout.SectionⅢTranslation46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET.(15points)Youknowthemoment--theconversation.Slows,thenthere'sapause.It'sawkward,andsoawkwardthatsomepeoplewillpanicandsayanything.Doweallfindsuchsilencessostressful?Researchersanalysedthefrequencyandimpactofgapsgreaterthan2secondsduringconversationsincludinganoverviewofpreviousstudieswhichindicatethatthefearofawkwardsilencescanbesoextremethatpeopleavoidtalkingtostrangers,eventhoughdoingsoislikelytobeanenjoyableexperience.Duringconversationswithshotgaps,peoplefeelmoreconnectedtotheirconversationspartners.Butsuchfeelingsofconnectionmarkedlydipwhenentirelyalonggap.Longgapsbetweenstrangersarelikelytobefollowedbyachangeintopic.Buttheoppositeseemstobetrueforconversationsbetweenfriends.Longgapstheresawincreasedconnection.Betweenfriends,longergapsseemtoprovidenaturalmomentsforreflectionandexpressionSectionIVWritingPartA47.Directions:SupposeyouareplanningashortplaybasedonaclassicChinesenovel.WriteyourfriendJohnanemailto:1)introducetheplay,and2)invitehimtotakepartinit.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownname.Use"LiMing"insteadPartB48.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyouressay,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Writeyouranswerinabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)老年人主要休閑活動(dòng)調(diào)查參考答案1.【答案】D【解析】本題考查名詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別為：[A]幻覺(jué)、錯(cuò)覺(jué)；[B]討論；[C]傳統(tǒng)；[D]問(wèn)題。根據(jù)文章首段首句"Therearemanyunderstandablereasonswhyyoumightfinditdifficulttoaskforhelpwhenyouneedit"提及文章主題：有很多可以理解的原因來(lái)解釋這一現(xiàn)象——當(dāng)人們需要幫助時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)很難開(kāi)口求助。第2句：數(shù)十年來(lái)，心理學(xué)家一直對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象十分感興趣，thisquestion即指前面提到的“人們?yōu)楹坞y以開(kāi)口求助”這個(gè)問(wèn)題，選項(xiàng)[D]question意為“問(wèn)題”，符合語(yǔ)境，其他均為干擾項(xiàng)。因此，正確答案為D。2.【答案】A【解析】本題考查名詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別為：[A]不情愿，勉強(qiáng)；[B]雄心，報(bào)負(fù)；[3]傾向；[D]熱情。根據(jù)前文"whyyoumightfinditdifficulttoaskforhelp"可知，人們向他人開(kāi)口求助困難，也就是人們不情愿或不愿意向其他人求助，且because—詞表示因果邏輯，其后需要接原因。選項(xiàng)[A]reluctance意為“不情愿，勉強(qiáng)”，符合語(yǔ)境，表明人們普遍不情愿求助會(huì)導(dǎo)致失敗，其他選項(xiàng)為干擾項(xiàng)。正確答案為A。3.【答案】C【解析】本題考查名詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別為：[A]注意力；[B]才能；[C]勇氣；[D]耐心。根據(jù)第二段第2句“Itinvolvescommunicatinganeedonyourpart—there'ssomethingyoucan'tdo”可知，向他人求助意味著要表達(dá)你的需要，由此可知求助需要勇氣。選項(xiàng)[C]courage意為“勇氣”，符合語(yǔ)境。正確答案為C。4.【答案】B【解析】本題考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別為：[A]隨時(shí)；[B]換句話說(shuō)；[C]當(dāng)然；[D]相反。根據(jù)第2句"Itinvolvescommunicatinganeedonyourpart—there'ssomethingyoucan'tdo”可知，向他人求助意味著表達(dá)自己有做不到的事，而空格后的句子緊接著提及“you'rebroadcastingyourownweaknesses”，即求助意味著在暴露自己的弱點(diǎn)，是對(duì)前面內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明。選項(xiàng)[B]Inotherwords意為“換句話說(shuō)”，起到解釋說(shuō)明的銜接作用，符合語(yǔ)境。正確答案為B。5.【答案】D【解析】本題考查形容詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)意思分別為：[A]unrealistic不現(xiàn)實(shí)的；[B]deceptive欺騙性的；[C]tiresome令人厭煩的；[D]uncomfortable不舒服的，不自在的。本句前半部分“you'rebroadcastingyourownweaknesses”提及求助意味著在暴露自己的弱點(diǎn)，而空處位于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，對(duì)前文起修飾限定作用。根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和常識(shí)，暴露自己的弱點(diǎn)是令人感到不舒服的。選項(xiàng)[D]uncomfortable意為“不舒服的”，符合語(yǔ)境。正確答案為D。6.【答案】B【解析】名詞辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)意思分別為：[A]doubts懷疑；[B]concerns擔(dān)憂(yōu)，顧慮；[C]suggestions建議；[D]secrets秘密。根據(jù)空格處about后的賓語(yǔ)“l(fā)osingcontrolofwhateveritisyouareaskingforhelpwith”可知，失去對(duì)所尋求幫助的事情的控制是人們擔(dān)憂(yōu)的問(wèn)題，而非“懷疑”、“建議”或“秘密”，選項(xiàng)[B]concerns意為“擔(dān)憂(yōu)，顧慮”，符合語(yǔ)境。正確答案為B。7.【答案】A【解析】本題考查連詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思為：[A]Once一旦；[B]Unless除非；[C]Although雖然；[D]Before在……之前。根據(jù)出題處的主句“perhapstheywilltakeover,orgetacreditforyourearlyefforts”可知，占風(fēng)頭或者拿走功勞等情況是“有可能的”，因此從句“someonestartstohelp”是一種假設(shè)情況，選項(xiàng)[A]once在此處意為“一旦”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，符合語(yǔ)境。正確答案為A。8.【答案】C【解析】本題考查名詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思為：[A]theory理論；[B]choice選擇；[C]factor因素；[D]context背景，語(yǔ)境。借助“another”和“thatyoumightbeworriedabout”可知，此處在談?wù)摿硪粋€(gè)擔(dān)憂(yōu)，結(jié)合前文列舉的一種人們不愿求助的擔(dān)憂(yōu)可知，Yetanother表示“又一個(gè)人們擔(dān)憂(yōu)的因素”，選項(xiàng)[C]factor意為“因素”，符合語(yǔ)境。正確答案為C。9.【答案】D【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思為：[A]overpraising過(guò)度表?yè)P(yáng)；[B]outperforming勝過(guò)，表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于；[C]reassessing重新評(píng)估；[D]inconveniencing。給（某人）帶來(lái)不便空前有or并列連詞，借助并列連詞前的“anuisance”可知，前面說(shuō)“擔(dān)心成為別人的麻煩”，因此，or后的內(nèi)容與前面的內(nèi)容在語(yǔ)義上一致，選項(xiàng)[D]inconveniencing意為“給（某人）帶來(lái)不便”，符合語(yǔ)境，表達(dá)擔(dān)心給被求助之人帶來(lái)不便，是nuisance的同義表達(dá)。正確答案為D。10.【答案】A【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思為：[A]reachout尋求；[B]settledown定居下來(lái)；平靜下來(lái)；[C]turnover翻轉(zhuǎn)，移交；[D]lookback回顧。根據(jù)下文的“forhelp”可知，空格處需要與“幫助”一詞搭配。選項(xiàng)[A]reachout與forhelp是固定搭配，意為“尋求幫助”，符合語(yǔ)境，此處指尋求幫助十分困難。正確答案為A。11.【答案】A【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思為：[A]declining拒絕，婉拒；[B]considering考慮；[C]criticizing批評(píng)；[D]evaluating評(píng)估。借助后文提到的“Youmightseesuchrefusalsimplying……（你可能認(rèn)為這樣的拒絕暗示著……）”可知，空格處表示擔(dān)心對(duì)方“拒絕”自己的請(qǐng)求，選項(xiàng)[A]declining意為“拒絕，婉拒”，符合語(yǔ)境。正確答案為A。12.【答案】B【解析】本題考查形容詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思為：[A]unnecessary不必要的；[B]negative消極的，負(fù)面的；[C]strange奇怪的；[D]impractical不切實(shí)際的。下文的“aboutthestatusofyourrelationshipwiththem”用于修飾something，根據(jù)上文可知，當(dāng)遭到拒絕后，你可能認(rèn)為這種拒絕暗示著你們之間的關(guān)系并不是很好，是一種負(fù)面或消極的表現(xiàn)，選項(xiàng)[B]negative意為“消極的，負(fù)面的”，符合語(yǔ)境。正確答案為B。13.【答案】D【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)意思分別為：[A]explain解釋?zhuān)籟B]identify識(shí)別，確定；[C]predict預(yù)測(cè)；[D]overcome克服，戰(zhàn)勝。根據(jù)“remindyourselfthateveryoneneedshelpsometimes”及前后分句的邏輯關(guān)系可知，此處表示“為了克服這些困難，試著提醒自己，每個(gè)人都有需要幫助的時(shí)候”，選項(xiàng)[D]overcome意為“克服、戰(zhàn)勝”，符合語(yǔ)境。正確答案為D。14.【答案】【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)意思分別為：[A]deny否認(rèn)；[B]forget忘記；[C]miss錯(cuò)過(guò)；想念；[D]fear害怕，擔(dān)心。根據(jù)前文對(duì)求助的描述及人們很難開(kāi)口求助的情況可知，被他人看作無(wú)能（incompetent)是人們恐懼、擔(dān)心的事情，comeacross意為“被理解為；給人們留下……的印象”。選項(xiàng)[D]fear意為“害怕、擔(dān)心”，符合語(yǔ)境。正確答案為D。15.【答案】B【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)意思分別為：[A]disguised偽裝，掩飾；[B]perceived視為，認(rèn)為；[C]followed跟隨，聽(tīng)從；[D]introduced介紹。空處語(yǔ)義為“尋求建議的人_更有能力，而不是能力欠佳”，根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)義可以推斷，此處想要表達(dá)“尋求建議的人實(shí)際上被認(rèn)為更有能力”，選項(xiàng)[B]perceived意為“視為、認(rèn)為”，符合語(yǔ)境。正確答案為B。16.【答案】A【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)意思分別為：[A]reca