注：不含主觀題第1題單選題(2分)Withtheimprovementofpeople'slivingstandards,theconsumptionofmeat,eggs,milk,etc.duringthethreemealsadayhasincreased,andtheconsumptionofstaplefoodshasdecreased.DoesitmeanthatthedemandforfoodhasdecreasedanditisnotimportanttoincreasecropyieldsthroughcropbreedinginChina?()AYesBNo第2題多選題(2分)Whatarethecharacteristicsofthebasicrequirementsofcropvarieties?().AStabilityBUniformityCHigh-yieldDAdaptabilityEDistinctness正確答案：ABE第3題多選題(2分)Cropbreedingiscalled"evolutionunderartificialcontrol".Whatarethebasicelementsofspeciesevolution().AVariationBStabilityCInheritanceDSelection正確答案：ACDBreedingobjectives第1題多選題(2分)Inthefollowingindicatorsforevaluatinghigh-qualityediblericevarieties,pleaseselectthetwoindicatorsthatyouthinkarethemostweighted.()AMillingqualityBAppearancequalityCNutritionalqualityDCookingqualityETastequality正確答案：DE第2題多選題(2分)Agriculturalmodernizationputsforwardavarietyofrequirementsforfinevarieties.Whenbreedersareselectingandbreedingvarieties,whichmaindirectionsshouldbethebreedinggoals()AHighyieldBQualityCStableproductionDStrongadaptabilityEAdapttoagriculturalmechanization正確答案：ABCDE第3題多選題(2分)Thefollowingaretheprinciplesforsettingcropbreedingobjectives().AFocusonthecurrentsituation,takeintoaccountthedevelopment,andtakeintoaccountthepracticalfeasibilityandforesight.BGraspthemainproblemsinproductionandbetargeted.CClearlyimplementspecifictraitsandpayattentiontooperability.DConsiderthereasonablecollocationofvarietiesandrealizethediversityofvarieties.EMeettherequirementsofagriculturalmechanization.正確答案：ABCDCropreproductionmethodsandvarietytypes第1題單選題(1分)Cropswithanaturaloutcrossingrateof30%belongto()AAsexuallypropagatedcropsBSelf-pollinatedcropsCCross-pollinatedcropsDOftencross-pollinatedcrops第2題單選題(1分)Thecropswithanaturaloutcrossingrateof55%belongto()AAsexuallypropagatedcropsBSelf-pollinatedcropsCCross-pollinatedcropsDOftencross-pollinatedcrops第3題單選題(1分)Thecropswithanaturaloutcrossingrateof3%belongto()AAsexuallypropagatedcropsBSelf-pollinatedcropsCCross-pollinatedcropsDOftencross-pollinatedcrops第4題單選題(1分)Thefundamentalreasonwhythesexualreproductionseedsofclonalvarietiesarenotsuitablefordirectuseinproductionis()AThequalitydeterioratesBGenemutationCPoorgerminationabilityDTraitseparation第5題單選題(1分)Amongthefollowingcrops,thegroupthatisallself-pollinatedcropsis().ACotton,rice,rapeBWheat,corn,broadbeansCSweetpotato,cotton,rapeDRice,wheat,barley第6題單選題(1分)Thegenetictypeofsweetpotatovarietiesisgenerally().AHomozygousBHomozygousCHetero-heterozygousDHetero-homozygous第7題單選題(1分)Thereproductionmethodofthefollowingcropsisdifferentfromtheotherthreecrops().AWheatBRiceCSorghumDPeas第8題單選題(1分)Thegenetictypeoflandracesofself-pollinatedcropsis().AHomogeneoushomozygoustypeBHomogeneousheterozygoustypeCHeterogeneousheterozygoustypeDAllogeneoushomozygoustype第9題單選題(1分)Thegenotypeofcornlandraceis()AHomozygousgenotypeBHeterozygousgenotypeCMainlyheterozygousgenotypes,butalsohomozygousgenotypesDMainlyhomozygousgenotypes,butalsoheterozygousgenotypesGermplasmresources第1題單選題(1分)Themaincharacteristicsoflocalgermplasmresourcesare()AHighyieldBResistancetopestsanddiseasesCGoodeconomictraitsDAdaptable第2題單選題(1分)Thevarioustypesinthegenebankcancrosseachother,thehybridsarefertile,thechromosomepairingisnormal,andthegenebankwitheasiergenetransferis().APrimarygenebankBSecondarygenebankCThree-levelgenebankDFour-levelgenebank第3題單選題(1分)Inbreeding,themostdifficultgenebanktoachievegenetransferthroughhybridizationis().APrimarygenebankBSecondarygenebankCThree-levelgenebankDFour-levelgenebank第4題單選題(1分)WhichofthefollowingcropsoriginatedinChina?()AWheatBBarleyCSoybeanDCorn第5題多選題(2分)Thetwomaincharacteristicsofthecenterofcroporiginare()AHavewildancestorsBGeneticdiversityCHavemoreexcellenttraitsDDominantgeneshaveahigherfrequencyERecessivegenefrequencyishigher正確答案：BD第6題多選題(2分)Thefoursignsoftheorigincenterofthecropare()AHavewildancestorsBOriginaluniquetypeCThereisobviousgeneticdiversityDHavealargenumberofdominantgenesETherearealotofrecessivegenes正確答案：ABCD第7題多選題(2分)Thefourcharacteristicsofthesecondaryorigincenterofcropsare()ANowildancestorsBTherearenewuniquetypesCThereisalotofvariationDHavealargenumberofdominantgenesETherearealotofrecessivegenes正確答案：ABCE第8題多選題(2分)Amongthefollowingcrops,thecropsthathavebeenintroducedfromabroadinhistoryandthenwidelycultivatedinmycountryare().ARiceBCottonCTobaccoDSoybeansEPotato正確答案：BCESelectionandidentification第1題單選題(1分)Thegeneralselectionmethodusedforbreedinginbredlinesis().ASingleplantselectionmethodonceBMultipleindividualplantselectionmethodCOne-timemixedselectionmethodDMultiplemixedselectionmethod第2題單選題(1分)Whatcropgroupimprovementisthecontinuousmixedselectionmethodmainlyusedfor().ASelf-pollinatedcropsBCross-pollinatedcropsCOftencross-pollinatedcropsDAsexuallypropagatedcrops第3題單選題(1分)Thebasicmethodofselectioncommonlyusedincropbreedingis().ASystemmethodandhybridmethodBSingleplantselectionandmixedselectionCOne-graintransmissionmethodandmixedselectionmethodDDirectedselectionandsplitselection第4題多選題(2分)Theessenceofdirectionalselectionis().AAccumulatefavorablegenesBIncreasevariationCChangethedirectionofevolutionDCreatevariation正確答案：ABC第5題多選題(2分)Thegeneticessenceofselectionistochangethepopulation().AFertilityBGenefrequencyCGenotypefrequencyDTypesofgenesandgenotypes正確答案：BCD第6題多選題(2分)Themainfactorsthataffecttheeffectofgroupselectioninclude().AFertilityBThegeneticcompositionofthepopulationCThesizeofthegroupDGeneticcharacteristicsoftraitsESelectioncriteriaandaccuracyofidentification正確答案：BCDE第7題多選題(2分)Thegeneticparameterscommonlyusedinselectionare()AHeritabilityBGeneticallyrelatedCGeneticprogressDRelatedgeneticprogressESelectionindex正確答案：ABCDECropintroduction第1題單選題(1分)Low-temperaturelong-daycropvarietiesoriginatinginhighlatitudeareasareintroducedtolowlatitudeareasforplanting,andtheyareoftentheexpressivegrowthperiod().AShortenBDelayCNochangeDUncertain第2題單選題(1分)Thegrowthperiodofhigh-temperatureshort-daycropvarietiesfromhigh-latituderegions(suchasNortheastmycountry,NorthChina,andNorthwestChina)isintroducedfromhighlatitudestolowlatitudes().AShortenBDelayCNochangeDUncertain第3題單選題(1分)Thefollowingarelowtemperatureandlongdaycrops().AWinterwheatBSoybeanCCornDCotton第4題單選題(1分)Themainreasonforthechangesintraitsofintroducedvarietiesis().AGenerecombinationBGenemutationCGenotypeandenvironmentinteractionDGeneinteraction第5題多選題(2分)Thefollowingarehigh-temperatureshort-daycrops().AWinterwheatBSoybeanCCornDCotton正確答案：BCDSelectionbreeding第1題單選題(1分)Thefollowingstatementaboutthepuresystemdoctrineiswrong().ATheoriginalbreedgroupisamixedgroupofvariouspurelines,fromwhichvariouspurelinescanbeseparatedthroughindividualselection.BContinuedselectioninthesamepuredepartmentisinvalid.CThepurelinetheoryhasnoguidingsignificancefortheselectionofcross-pollinatedcropinbredlines.DTheoffspringofself-pollinatedcropswithoutoutcrossingshouldbehomozygousforthesamegenotype.第2題多選題(2分)Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutselectivebreedingiscorrect().ASelectionofbreedingissimpleandeasy,andresultsarequick.BSelectionbreedingisnotapurposefulcreationofnewmutations.CThegeneticbasisofselectivebreedingispoorandthepopulationplasticityissmall.DSelectivebreedinghasgreatadvantagesinimprovingcomprehensivetraits.正確答案：ABC第3題多選題(2分)Themainreasonsforthenaturalvariationofcropvarietiesare().ANaturaloutcrossingcausesgeneticrecombinationBNaturalmutationCVariationsinnewlybredvarietiesDAlloftheabove正確答案：ABCDCrossbreeding第1題單選題(1分)InthehybridizationmodeA/B//C/3/D,whatisthegeneticweightofAandCrespectively().A25%,12.5%B12.5%,50%C12.5%,25%D12.5%,12.5%第2題單選題(1分)InthehybridizationmodeA/B//C,whatisthegeneticweightofAandCrespectively().A50%,25%B50%,50%C25%,50%D25%,25%第3題單選題(1分)Amongthefollowingcrosses,theonethatbelongstodoublecrossis().A(P1×P2)×P1B(P1×P2)×P3C[(P1×P2)×P3]×P4D(P1×P2)×(P3×P2)第4題多選題(2分)Thefollowingstatementabouttheselectionofhybridparentsiscorrect().AThemaintraitsofbothparentsshouldcomplementeachother,themorecomplementarytraitsthebetter.BOneoftheparentsispreferablyapopularizedvarietythatcanadapttolocalconditionsandhasbettercomprehensivecharacteristics.CPayattentiontothegeneticdifferencesbetweenparents,andselecttheparentmaterialswiththelargestecologicaltypedifferenceandthefarthestrelationshiptocrosseachother.DHybridparentsshouldhavelowerspecialcombiningabilityandhigherspecialcombiningability.正確答案：ABCD第5題多選題(2分)Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutcombinedbreedingiscorrect().ACombinationbreedingisabreedingmethodthatcombinesgoodgenesthatbelongtodifferentparentsandcontroldifferenttraits.BThegeneticmechanismofcombinedbreedingisgeneticrecombinationandinteractionofgenes.CCombinationbreedinghasobviouseffectsontraitsinvolvingmajorgenecontrol.DCombinationbreedinghasobviouseffectsontraitsinvolvingminorgenecontrol.正確答案：ABC第6題多選題(2分)Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutsuper-parentbreedingiscorrect().ASuperparentbreedingisabreedingmethodinwhichdifferentminorgenesofthesametraitcontrolledbydifferentparentsareaccumulatedinoneindividual.BThegeneticmechanismofsuper-parentbreedingisgeneaccumulationandinteractionofgenes.CSuper-parentbreedinghasobviouseffectsontraitsthatinvolvethecontrolofmajorgenes.DSuper-parentbreedinghasobviouseffectsontraitsinvolvingminorgenecontrol.正確答案：ABD第7題多選題(2分)Themainmethodstoacceleratetheprocessofhybridbreedingare().ASpeedupthegenerationprocessBImprovethebreedingprocessCSpeedupseedreproductionDLowerselectioncriteriaEExpandsegregatedgroups正確答案：ABCBackcrossbreeding第1題單選題(1分)InBC3F1,thegeneticratioofnon-recurrentparentsis().A50%B25%C12.5%D6.25%第2題單選題(1分)Thefollowingstatementaboutthedonorparentiscorrect().AThedonorparentmustbeagoodvarietywithalonglocalcultivationtimeandgoodcomprehensivecharacteristicsBThedonorparentmustbeavarietythathasshortcomingsinoneofthetwotraitsandhasapromisingfutureinafewyearsCDonorparentsmusthaveexcellenttraitsthatarelackinginrecurrentparents,andothertraitsmustnothaveseriousdefectsDTheheritabilityofthetargettraitprovidedbythedonorparentshouldbelow,andthetargettraitshouldbelinkedtotheunfavorabletraitgene第3題多選題(2分)Theapplicationsofbackhandoverinclude().AIndividualshortcomingsofimprovingexistingvarietiesBCultivatenear-isogeniclinesCBackcrossbreedingofcytoplasmicmalesterilelinesandrestorerlinesDImprovementofinbredlines正確答案：ABCD第4題多選題(2分)Thedisadvantagesofbackcrossbreedinginclude().AThefinalresultofbackcrossbreeding,exceptforthetargettraitsofthenon-recurrentparent,othertraitsaredifficulttosurpasstherecurrentparent.BBackcrossbreedingcancontrolthegeneticvariationrangeoftheoffspringpopulationthroughmultiplebackcrossingwithrecurrentparents.CDeviationsoftenoccurwhenbackcrossingbreedingrevertstotherecurrentparentgenotypeDBackcrossbreedingrequiresartificialcrossesforeachgeneration,andtheworkloadisverylarge.正確答案：ACDCropmutationbreeding第1題單選題(1分)Whatiswronginthefollowingstatementsaboutmutationbreedingis().AHighmutationrateofmutagenesisBInducedvariationandstableCThenatureanddirectionofmutagenesisaredifficulttocontrolDMutationbreedinghasagoodeffectontraitsdominatedbymultiplegenes第2題單選題(1分)Thephysicalenvironmentoftheuniverseisverydifferentfromthatoftheground,andthedistinctivefeaturesofthespaceenvironmentdonotinclude().AStrongradiationBOverweightCMicrogeomagnetismDHighvacuum第3題單選題(1分)Thecriticaldosereferstothedoseatwhichthesurvivalrateoftheplantafterirradiationisapproximately()A10%B40%C70%D90%第4題單選題(1分)EMSisacommonlyusedchemicalmutagenfortheapplicationofmutationbreeding.Thefullnameofthischemicalsubstanceis().ADiethylsulfateBEthylmethanesulfonateCEthyleneimineDNitrosoethylurethane第5題多選題(2分)4.Waysofmutationbreedinginclude().APhysicalmutagenesisBChemicalmutagenesisCRadiationmutagenesisDSpacemutagenesis正確答案：ABCD第6題多選題(2分)Thematerialstreatedbyradiationmutagenesisinclude().ASeedBGreenplantCPollenDOvary正確答案：ABCDDistanthybridizationbreeding第1題單選題(1分)Inadistanthybridization,anewtypeinwhichapairorpairsofchromosomesofacertainspeciesisreplacedbyapairorpairsofchromosomesofanotherspeciesiscalled().AAlienadditionlineBAliensubstitutionlineCTranslocationlineDHaploid第2題單選題(1分)Indistanthybridization,anewtypeformedbyaddingone,apairorseveralpairsofchromosomesofanotherspeciestothechromosomesetofacertainspeciesiscalled().AAlienadditionlineBAliensubstitutionlineCTranslocationlineDHaploid第3題多選題(2分)Thereasonsfortheincompatibilityofdistanthybridizationare:().ANotmetduringfloweringBIncompatibilitybetweenmaleandfemalefactorsCGeneticdisorderDPolyploidy正確答案：ABC第4題多選題(2分)Thereasonfortheprematuredeathandsterilityofhybridsis().AImbalanceofnuclear-cytoplasmicinteractionBImbalanceofchromosomesCEmbryocultureDImbalanceofgenes正確答案：ABD第5題多選題(2分)Waystostabilizetheoffspringofdistanthybridsare:().AHybridgenerationchromosomesdoubledBBackcrossingCInducinghaploidDInducingchromosomaltranslocation正確答案：ABCDPloidybreedingHeterosisutilization第1題單選題(1分)Heterosisoftenusessomemethodstomeasurethesizeofheterosis.Thefollowingformulaisusedtocalculatesuperparentalheterosis().A[F1-(P1+P2)/2]/[(P1+P2)/2]×100%B(F1-HP)/HP×100%C(F1-CK)/CK×100%DF1/[(P1+P2)/2]×100%第2題單選題(1分)Heterosisoftenusessomemethodstomeasurethesizeofheterosis.Thefollowingformulaisusedtocalculatetheheterosisindex().A[F1-(P1+P2)/2]/[(P1+P2)/2]×100%B(F1-HP)/HP×100%C(F1-CK)/CK×100%DF1/[(P1+P2)/2]×100%第3題單選題(1分)Nowsingle-crossspeciesarewidelyusedincornproduction.Single-crossspeciesrefersto().AAhybridoftwoinbredlinesBAhybridofthreeinbredlinesCHybridscomposedoffourinbredlinesDHybridscomposedofmultipleinbredlines(oftenmorethan8)第4題單選題(1分)Maizeisthefirsttorealizetheutilizationofheterosisandpromoteitinproductionisdoublecross,doublecrossrefersto().AAhybridoftwoinbredlinesBAhybridofthreeinbredlinesCHybridscomposedoffourinbredlinesDHybridscomposedofmultipleinbredlines(oftenmorethan8)第5題單選題(1分)Themostcriticalpointintheutilizationofheterosisofself-pollinatedcropsis().AObtainingexcellentinbredlinesBCrossingemasculationCParentalbreedingDStrongdominanthybridcombination第6題單選題(1分)Themostcriticalpointintheutilizationofheterosisofalienatedpollinatedcropsis().AObtainingexcellentinbredlinesBCrossingemasculationCParentalbreedingDStrongdominanthybridcombination第7題多選題(2分)Thegenotypeofthecytoplasmicmalesterilelineis(),andthegenotypeoftherestorerlineis().AN(rfrf)BS(rfrf)CN(RfRf)DS(RfRf)正確答案：BCD第8題多選題(2分)Thefollowingmethodsformeasuringthecombiningabilitycanmeasurethespecialcombiningability:().ATop-crossingmethodBIncompletedialelcrossmethodCCompletedialelcrossmethodDMulti-linetestcrossmethod正確答案：BCD第9題多選題(2分)Themoleculargeneticmechanismoftheformationofheterosisisamajorissueinbiologicalresearch.Therelevanthypothesesproposedtodayare:().ADominancehypothesisBOverdominancehypothesisCEpistasishypothesisDGenomeinteractionhypothesis正確答案：ABCD第10題多選題(2分)Therearevariousrawmaterialsforcross-pollinatedcropinbredlines.Thefollowingcanbeusedasrawmaterialsforinbredlinecultivation().ALocalvarietiesBPopularizedvarietiesCVarioushybridsDComprehensivevarietiesorsyntheticgroups正確答案：ABCD第11題多選題(2分)Thebasicconditionsnecessaryfortheutilizationofcropheterosisare().AGoodvarietiesorinbredlineswithhighpurity.BAstronghybridcombination.CTherearesimpleandeasyself-pollinationpropagationmethodsofparentvarietiestomaintainparentalpurityandincreaseparentalseedyield.DThereisasimpleandeasywaytopreparealargenumberofhybridseedstoensurethequalityofhybrids,increaseseedproductionandreduceproductioncosts.正確答案：ABCD14Populationimprovement第1題單選題(1分)Inter-groupreincarnationselectionmethodsincludehalf-sibmutualreincarnationselectionandfull-sibmutualreincarnationselection.Themainpurposeistoimprovethetwogroupsatthesametime().AHeritabilityBGeneralcombiningabilityCSpecialcombiningabilityDGeneralcombiningabilityandspecialcombiningability第2題多選題(2分)Theestablishmentofabasicgroupforgroupimprovementrequiresarichanddiversegeneticbasistomeetbreedingrequirements.Thefollowingvarietiescanbeusedasthebasicgroupofmaizepopulationimprovement().ALocalvarietiesBExoticvarietiesCCompoundvarietiesDComprehensivevarieties正確答案：ABCD第3題多選題(2分)Improvedrecurrentselectionmethodswithinthegroupinclude:()APhenotypicselectionmethodBImprovedearrowselectionmethodCSelf-progenyselectionmethodDHalf-siblingreincarnationselectionmethodEFull-siblingreincarnationselectionmethod正確答案：ABCDECellengineeringbreeding第1題多選題(2分)Planttissueculturetechnologyisoftenusedincellengineeringbreeding,andthemediumusuallycontainscomponents()intheprocessoftissueculture.AEssentialmineralelementsBCarbonsourceCVitaminDAminoacidEGrowthregulator正確答案：ABCDE第2題多選題(2分)Cellandtissueculturearethemainwaystoobtainhaploids.Amongthefollowingmethods,haploidscanbeobtained().AAnthercultureBMicrosporecultureCUnfertilizedovarycultureDEggcellculture正確答案：ABCD第3題多選題(2分)Intheprocessofsomaticcellhybridizationexperiments,useMandNcellstofuse.Afterthefusion,thecelltypesinthereactionsolutionare().AM×MBN×NCM×NDMEN正確答案：ABCDEGeneticallymodifiedbreeding第1題多選題(2分)Thetypeofplantexpressionvector().AOverexpressionvectorBAntisensesuppressionvectorCRNAinterference(RNAi)vectorDCRISPR-Cas9geneeditingvector正確答案：AB