2025年自考本科英語(yǔ)二完形填空測(cè)試試卷（含答案）考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷閱讀下面的短文，文后列出了20個(gè)單詞，請(qǐng)根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，從這20個(gè)單詞中為每個(gè)句子空格選擇一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~。每個(gè)單詞僅使用一次。TheChallengeofUrbanSustainabilityUrbanizationisacceleratingatanunprecedentedrateworldwide,transforminglandscapesandreshapingsocieties.Citiesconsumevastamountsofresourcesandgeneratesignificantwaste,placingimmensepressureontheenvironment.Achievingsustainabilityinurbanareashasbecomeacriticalpriorityforgovernments,businesses,andresidentsalike.Itinvolvesbalancingeconomicgrowthwithenvironmentalprotectionandsocialequitytoensurecitiesremainhabitableandvibrantforfuturegenerations.However,implementingsustainablepracticesfacesnumerouschallengesthatrequireinnovativesolutions.Onemajorhurdleistheinfrastructurethatcharacterizesmostcities.Existingbuildingsandtransportationnetworksoftenrequiresubstantialupgradesorretrofittingtomeetenergyefficiencyandemissionreductionstandards.Thehighcostassociatedwithsuchupgradescanbeasignificantbarrier,particularlyfordevelopingnationsorlow-incomecommunities.Furthermore,integratingrenewableenergysourceslikesolarorwindpowerintourbangridscanbecomplexduetoexistingtechnologicalandregulatorylimitations.Urbansprawlalsocontributestotheproblem,consumingagriculturallandandincreasingrelianceonprivatevehicles,whichinturnraisespollutionlevels.Anothersignificantchallengeliesinmanagingurbanpopulationgrowth.Asmorepeoplemovetocitiesinsearchofbetteropportunities,thedemandforhousing,water,food,andotheressentialservicesincreasesdramatically.Thisputsstrainonalreadylimitedresourcesandcanleadtoovercrowding,inadequatesanitation,andthespreadofdiseases.Providingqualityeducation,healthcare,andemploymentopportunitiesforarapidlygrowingandoftendiversepopulationisalsoacomplextask.Socialinequalitycanbeexacerbatedinrapidlyurbanizingareas,creatingdisparitiesinaccesstoresourcesandservicesbetweendifferentcommunities.Thegenerationanddisposalofwasterepresentyetanothercriticalissue.Modernlifestylesresultinhighlevelsofconsumption,producingvastquantitiesofmunicipalsolidwaste.Traditionallandfillmethodsareincreasinglyunsustainableduetolandscarcityandenvironmentalcontaminationrisks.Implementingeffectivewastemanagementstrategies,includingreduction,reuse,recycling,andcomposting,isessentialbutoftenmetwithpublicresistanceorlackofinfrastructure.Thechallengeextendstomanaginghazardouswasteandelectronicwaste,whichrequirespecializeddisposalprocedurestopreventenvironmentalharm.Adoptingsustainableurbanpracticesalsorequiresbehavioralchangesfromresidents.Encouragingpublictransportationuse,cycling,andwalkinginsteadofrelyingsolelyonprivatecarscansignificantlyreduceemissionsandtrafficcongestion.Promotingconservationhabitssuchassavingwaterandenergyinhouseholdsisequallyimportant.However,changinglong-establishedhabitsandencouragingbroadpublicparticipationcanbedifficult.Educationandawarenesscampaignsarecrucial,buttheyneedtobecomplementedbysupportivepoliciesandconvenientinfrastructureoptions.Ultimately,addressingurbansustainabilitychallengesnecessitatesaholisticandcollaborativeapproach.Governmentsmustplayaleadingroleby制定policies,investingingreentechnologies,andcreatingregulatoryframeworksthatincentivizesustainabledevelopment.Theprivatesectorcancontributebydevelopinginnovativesolutionsandadoptingenvironmentallyresponsiblepracticesintheiroperations.Academicinstitutionsandresearchorganizationsarevitalforgeneratingknowledgeanddevelopingnewtechnologies.Mostimportantly,citizensmustbecomeactiveparticipantsintheircities'sustainabilityefforts,makingenvironmentallyconsciouschoicesintheirdailylives.Onlythroughthiscollectivesynergycancitieshopetoovercometheformidableobstaclestoasustainablefuture.Words:1.accelerate2.infrastructure3.population4.municipal5.hazardous6.electronic7.holistic8.synergy9.unprecedented10.retrofitting11.disparities12.initiatives13.reliance14.exacerbate15.generation16.procedures17.behaviors18.awareness19.frameworks20.policiesTherapidincreaseincitysizeworldwideputsconsiderablepressureonenvironmentalresources.Existingbuildingsinurbanareasoftenneedsignificantupdatestomeetmodernenvironmentalstandards.Thedemandforbasicservicesrisessharplyasmoreindividualsmigratetocities.Thiscanleadtosocialdivisionsandunequalaccesstoessentialamenities.Wastemanagementisamajorurbanproblemduetohighconsumptionlevels.Landfillsarebecominglesspracticalbecauseofspacelimitationsandpollutionconcerns.Specializeddisposalisnecessaryforcertaintypesofwastetopreventenvironmentaldamage.Encouragingpeopletousebicyclescanhelpdecreasetrafficjamsandpollution.Residentialenergyconservationisanotherimportantaspectofsustainableliving.Changingingrainedhabitscanbechallenging,butpublicsupportisessential.Collaborationamongdifferentgroupsisnecessarytotackleurbansustainabilityeffectively.Governmentsshouldcreaterulesthatencouragebusinessestoadoptgreenerpractices.Researchinstitutionsarecrucialfordevelopingnewsustainabletechnologies.Citizensmustbecomemoreinvolvedinmakingtheircitiesenvironmentallyfriendly.Onlybyworkingtogethercancitieshopetoachieveasustainablefuture.Thedevelopmentofrenewableenergysourcesfacesobstaclesrelatedtothecurrentenergygrid.Diversecommunitieswithincitiesrequiretailoredapproachestoensureequalopportunities.Thetransitiontosustainableinfrastructureofteninvolveshighinitialcosts.Understandingthefullscopeoftheproblemrequiresacomprehensiveview.Effectivesolutionsdependonthecoordinatedeffortofallstakeholders.試卷答案1.unprecedented思路：句意為“全球城市化以前所未有的速度加速”，unprecedented意為“前所未有的”，符合語(yǔ)境。2.infrastructure思路：句意為“現(xiàn)有城市設(shè)施需要大量升級(jí)以滿足現(xiàn)代環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，infrastructure意為“基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”，符合語(yǔ)境。3.population思路：句意為“隨著更多個(gè)人遷往城市，對(duì)基本服務(wù)的需求急劇上升”，population意為“人口”，符合語(yǔ)境。4.disparities思路：句意為“這會(huì)導(dǎo)致社會(huì)分裂和基本服務(wù)獲取的不平等”，disparities意為“差距，不平等”，符合語(yǔ)境。5.municipal思路：句意為“廢物管理是城市的主要問題，因?yàn)橄M(fèi)水平很高”，municipal意為“市政的，城市的”，符合語(yǔ)境。6.hazardous思路：句意為“需要專門的處置程序來(lái)防止環(huán)境損害”，hazardous意為“有害的，危險(xiǎn)的”，符合語(yǔ)境。7.holistic思路：句意為“解決城市可持續(xù)性挑戰(zhàn)需要整體和協(xié)作的方法”，holistic意為“整體的”，符合語(yǔ)境。8.synergy思路：句意為“只有通過(guò)這種協(xié)同努力，城市才能希望實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)的未來(lái)”，synergy意為“協(xié)同效應(yīng)”，符合語(yǔ)境。9.reliance思路：句意為“將可再生能源源整合到城市電網(wǎng)中可能很復(fù)雜，因?yàn)榇嬖诂F(xiàn)有技術(shù)和監(jiān)管限制”，reliance意為“依賴”，符合語(yǔ)境。10.retrofitting思路：句意為“對(duì)現(xiàn)有城市設(shè)施進(jìn)行大量升級(jí)以滿足現(xiàn)代環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，retrofitting意為“改造，升級(jí)”，符合語(yǔ)境。11.exacerbate思路：句意為“這會(huì)加劇社會(huì)分裂和基本服務(wù)獲取