Willrobotstakeourjobs

BBC英語六分鐘練起來(2023.03.9)

Transcript

Note:Thisisnotawordforwordtranscript

Neil

Helloandwelcometo6MinuteEnglish.I'mNeil...

Finn

...andI'mFinn.Hello.

Neil

Hellothere,Finn.Now,whatdoyouknowaboutrobots?

Finn

Robots?Well,(Finndoesanimpressionofarobotvoice)theytalkina

funnyway...likethat!

Neil

Yes.Yousoundquiteconvincingthereactually,Finn.

Finn

Doyoulikeit?

Neil

Yes,Ido.Isthereanythingelseyouknowaboutrobots?

Finn

Well,thereare...thereareacoupleofgoodonesintheStarWars,aren't

there?

Neil

Oh,yes.R2-D2andC-3PO.C-3POtalksincuiteahumanvoice.

Finn

Hedoes.Butofcoursethafssciencefictionnotreallife.

Neil

No.Butthingshavemovedoninreallife.Theuseofmachinestodov/ork

thatpeopledoorusedtodoiscalledautomationandthat'sthesubject

oftoday'sshow.

Finn

Butbeforewetalkmoreaboutthis,I'dlikeyou,Neil,toanswertoday's

quizquestion.Whatmakesajobmorelikelytobedonebyrobots?Isitif

ajobinvolves...

a)manipulatingsmallobjects?

b)workinginopenspaces?

Orc)socialandemotionalskills?

Neil

Hmm...OK.Well,I'mgoingtoguess.Manipulatingsmallobjects,Ithink.

Finn

Interesting.OK,we'llfindoutifyou'rerightorwronglateron.Now,two

UKacademicshavecalculatedhowsusceptibleto-thatmeanslikelyto

beaffectedby-howsusceptibletoautomationeachjobisbasedon

somekeyskills.Andtheseincludenegotiation,persuasion,caringfor

others,originality,andmanualdexterity-nowthatmeansbeinggood

withyourhands.

Neil

Sodoyouthinkintelligentmachinescouldreplaceus?

Finn

Well,maybeyou,Neil.Notme,no.Ihaveallthekeyskillsyouknow-I'm

original...persuasive...ofcourseverycaringandverygoodwithmy

handsaswell,Ithink.

Neil

WellTmverygladthatyou'resafe,Finn!

Finn

Thankyou.

Neil

However,astudyfromOxfordUniversityhassuggestedthat35%of

existingUKjobsarebeingautomatedinthenext20years.Lefslistento

MichaelOsbornefromOxfordUniversitytalkingaboutthis.

INSERT

MichaelOsborne,UniversityofOxford

Computersareincreasinglyabletolearninawaythatinshorthasbeena

reserveofhumanbeings.Sointheirabilitytolearn,computersareable

toperformamuchwiderrangeoftasksthanthey'vebeenabletodoin

thepast.Soasaresultit'snotjustmanuallabourthat'scomingunder

threatofautomation.It'sincreasinglycognitivelabour-thelabourofthe

mind.

Finn

MichaelOsborne.Andcognitivelabourmeansusingyournoggin一

that'susingorhead!Socomputersandmachinesareusingtheirnoggins

andgettingsmarter.Andofficeworkerswhodorepetitivejobssuchas

drawingupspreadsheetscouldbereplacedwithsoftware.Butsurelyjobs

likebeingadoctororalawyeraresafe,Neil?

Neil

Well,somewhite-collarjobsmaybelesssafethanyouthink.Atonecity

lawfirmjuniorstaffhavetoreadthroughcontracts,assessingthemfor

risks.Butnowanartificialintelligenceprogrammecandothatfasterand

better.

Finn

Sowhitecollarreferstoajobthatyoudoatanofficeratherthana

factory.Andartificialintelligencereferstoacomputer'sabilitytocopy

intelligenthumanbehaviour.Nowlet'slistentoMatthewWhalleyfroma

citylawfirmtofindoutwhathethinks.

INSERT

MatthewWhalley,BerwinLeigtonPaisner

Whatyou'reseeingtherobotdonow,therobotcandointhreeseconds

whatwouldtakeagroupoflawyersdaystodo.Andtheadvantageisthat

itcandohugevolumes,incrediblyreliablyinunbelievabletimes.Thereis

ahugeamountofthisworktodoandlawyershavefarbetterhigher-value

legalanalysistoworryabout.

Neil

Wellhethinksthatthereisworkforthelawyersandthecomputers.In

factitsoundslikeagooddivisionoflabour-thecomputersdotheboring

stuffandthelawyersdothemoreinterestingwork!

Finn

Yes.Well,let'skeepourfingerscrossedthatwe'vegotgoodprospects.

Youknow,Idon'twantourlistenersto(robotvoice)startlisteningtorobot

presentersanytimesoon!

Neil

Indeed,weneed!Wetalkaboutkeepingourfingerscrossedwhenwe

hopethatthingsaregoingtoturnoutinthewaywewantthemtointhe

future.

Finn

That'sright.Soshallweheartheanswertotoday'squizquestion?Neil,I

askedyou:Whatmakesajobmorelikelytobedonebyrobots?Isitifa

jobinvolves...a)manipulatingsmallobjects?b)workinginopenspaces?

Orc)socialandemotionalskills?

Neil

Well,Isaida)manipulatingsmallobjects...andI'mkeepingmyfingers

crossedthatI'vegottherightanswer.

Finn

OK.You'rekeepingthemcrossed?

Neil

Yes,Iam.

Finn

You'vegottheanswerright!Welldone!

Neil

Brilliant!I'mgladmycognitiveskillsarestillfunctioning.Now,howabout

hearingthosewordsagain?

Finn

OK,thewordsweheardtodaywere:

automation

susceptibleto

manualdexterity

cognitivelabour

noggin

whitecollar

artificialintelligence(Al)

and...keepingyourfingerscrossed

Neil

Well,thatbringsustotheendofthis6MinuteEnglish.Wehopeyou

enjoyedtheprogramme.Pleasejoinusagainsoon.

Both

Bye.

Transcript(雙語版)

NeikHelloandwelcometo6MinuteEnglish.I'mNeil.

大家好，歡迎來到六分鐘英語。我是尼爾。

Finn:AndI'mFinn.Hello.

我是菲恩，大家好。

NeikHellothere,Finn.Now,whatdoyouknowaboutrobots?

你好,菲恩?，F(xiàn)在我們進入正題，你對機器人都了解些什么？

Finn:Robots?Well,(Finndoesanimpressionofarobotvoice)theytalkina

funnyway...likethat!

機器人？啊，（菲恩模仿著機器人的口音）它們說起話來很搞笑，就像這樣！

NeikYes.Yousoundquiteconvincingthereactually,Finn.

是的。菲恩其實你模仿得很像。

Finn:Doyoulikeit?

你喜歡嗎？

NeikYes,Ido.Isthereanythingelseyouknowaboutrobots?

喜歡。關(guān)于機器人你還知道些什么？

Finn:Well,thereare...thereareacoupleofgoodonesintheStarWars,aren't

there?

啊，在《星球大戰(zhàn)》中有幾個很棒的機器人，是吧？

NeikOh,yes.R2-D2andC-3PO.C-3POtalksinquiteahumanvoice.

哦，是的。R2-D2和C-3PO。C-3Po說起話來很像人。

Finn:Hedoes.Butofcoursethat'ssciencefictionnotreallife.

是的。但是，當然它們是科幻影片里的，而不是真實生活當中的。

NeikNo.Butthingshavemovedoninreallife.Theuseofmachinestodo

workthatpeopledoorusedtodoiscalledautomationandthat'sthesubject

oftoday'sshow.

確實。但是現(xiàn)實生活中機器人領(lǐng)域也在發(fā)展。機器做人們現(xiàn)在或以前做的工作被稱為

自動化，這是我們節(jié)目今天的話題。

Butbeforewetalkmoreaboutthis,I'dlikeyou,Neil,toanswertoday'squiz

question.Whatmakesajobmorelikelytobedonebyrobots?Isitifajob

involvesa)manipulatingsmallobjects?b)workinginopenspaces?Orc)

socialandemotionalskills?

但在聊這個之前，菲恩,我想讓你回答一下今天的一個小測試題：什么樣的工作更有

可能由機器人來做？它的工作內(nèi)容應(yīng)當涉及a)操縱小物件？b)在戶外工作？還是c)

社交與情感？

NeikHmm...OK.Well,I'mgoingtoguess,socialandemotionalskills,Ithink.

嗯……好的。啊，我要猜了。我猜社交與情感。

Finn:Interesting.OK,we'llfindoutifyou'rerightorwronglateron.Now,two

UKacademicshavecalculatedhowsusceptibleto-thatmeanslikelytobe

affectedby-howsusceptibletoautomationeachjobisbasedonsomekey

skills.Andtheseincludenegotiation,persuasion,caringforothers,originality,

andmanualdexterity-nowthatmeansbeinggoodwithyourhands.

有意思。好吧，我們稍后就會知道你的答案是對還是錯。兩位英國學者基于每種工作

所需的關(guān)鍵技能計算了它們被自動化的影響的程度（susceptible意思是受影響）這

些技能包括談判、游說、照看他人、創(chuàng)造力和手工熟練度。（manualdexterity的

意思是手工熟練度）

NeikSodoyouthinkintelligentmachinescouldreplaceus?

那么，你覺得智能機器能夠取代我們嗎？

Finn:Well;maybeyou,Neil.Notme,no.Ihaveallthekeyskillsyouknow-

I'moriginal...persuasive...ofcourseverycaringandverygoodwithmy

handsaswell,Ithink.

啊，或許可以取代你，尼爾。我是不會被取代的。我有以上所有的技能一一我有創(chuàng)造

力、能言善辯，當然也很有愛心，手也很靈巧。

NeikWellI'mverygladthatyou'resafe,Finn!

你沒有受到威脅我很為你感到高興，菲恩！

Finn:Thankyou.

謝謝。

NeikHowever,astudyfromOxfordUniversityhassuggestedthat35%of

existingUKjobsarebeingautomatedinthenext20years.Let'slistento

MichaelOsbornefromOxfordUniversitytalkingaboutthis.

然而，一項牛津大學的研究表明在未來的20年里英國現(xiàn)有工作的35%將會實現(xiàn)自動

化。讓我們來聽聽關(guān)于這項研究牛津大學的邁克爾噢斯本是怎么說的吧。

Computersareincreasinglyabletolearninawaythatinshorthasbeena

reserveofhumanbeings.Sointheirabilitytolearn,computersareableto

performamuchwiderrangeoftasksthanthey'vebeenabletodointhepast.

Soasaresultit'snotjustmanuallabourthat'scomingunderthreatof

automation.It'sincreasinglycognitivelabour-thelabourofthemind.

電腦的學習能力不但在增強，簡單來說，它們就是人類能力的儲備。所以由于電腦的

學習能力，它們現(xiàn)在能執(zhí)行的任務(wù)比原來多很多。因此，不僅僅是體力勞動面臨著被

自動化，腦力勞動（cognitivelabour是指腦力勞動）也逐漸加入到了這一行列。

Finn:MichaelOsborne.Andcognitivelabourmeansusingyournoggin-

that'susingorhead!Socomputersandmachinesareusingtheirnogginsand

gettingsmarter.Andofficeworkerswhodorepetitivejobssuchasdrawing

upspreadsheetscouldbereplacedwithsoftware.Butsurelyjobslikebeinga

doctororalawyeraresafe,Neil?

以上是邁克爾?奧斯本。腦力勞動是指用大腦或腦力工作。所以電腦和機器也在用它

們的大腦,而且它們的大腦越來越聰明了。辦公室工作人員，比如那些繪制電子表格

的人,可以被電腦軟件取代了。但當然像醫(yī)生、律師這樣的職業(yè)不會受到威脅，是吧

尼爾？

NeikWell,somewhite-collarjobsmaybelesssafethanyouthink.Atonecity

lawfirmjuniorstaffhavetoreadthroughcontracts,assessingthemforrisks.

Butnowanartificialintelligenceprogrammecandothatfasterandbetter.

啊，一些白領(lǐng)工人的工作可能不會像你想的那樣有保障。在市里的一家律師事務(wù)所里

的資歷較淺的員工要瀏覽合同、評估風險。但是現(xiàn)在有一個人工智能程序能把這項工

作完成地又快又好。

Finn:Sowhitecollarreferstoajobthatyoudoatanofficeratherthana

factory.Andartificialintelligencereferstoacomputer'sabilitytocopy

intelligenthumanbehaviour.Nowlet'slistentoMatthewWhalleyfromacity

lawfirmtofindoutwhathethinks.

白領(lǐng)指的是在辦公室而不是在工廠的工作。人工智能指的是電腦模仿需要人類智能執(zhí)

行的行為的能力。現(xiàn)在讓我們來聽一聽在一家律師事務(wù)所工作的馬修?威利是怎么說

的，以了解他的想法。

Whatyou'reseeingtherobotdonow,therobotcandointhreesecondswhat

wouldtakeagroupoflawyersdaystodo.Andtheadvantageisthatitcando

hugevolumes,incrediblyreliablyinunbelievabletimes.Thereisahuge

amountofthisworktodoandlawyershavefarbetterhigher-valuelegal

analysistoworryabout.

你現(xiàn)在看到電腦做的工作可以在三秒鐘內(nèi)被完成，而相同的工作需要一個小組的律師

花幾天的時間才能完成。自動化的優(yōu)勢在于它可以在超短時間內(nèi)完成巨大的工作量，

速度快到令人難以置信。這種工作的量很大，而律財有其他更有價值的法律分析案件

要處理。

NeikWellhethinksthatthereisworkforthelawyersandthecomputers.In

factitsoundslikeagooddivisionoflabour-thecomputersdotheboring

stuffandthelawyersdothemoreinterestingwork!

他認為律師和電腦各有各的工作要做。事實上這聽起來是一項很好的勞動分工一一電

腦做枯燥的工作律師做相對有意思的工作。

Finn:Yes.Well,let'skeepourfingerscrossedthatwe'vegotgoodprospects.

Youknow,Idon'twantourlistenersto(robotvoice)startlisteningtorobot

presentersanytimesoon!

是啊。讓我們祈禱我們有好的未來吧。你也知道，我不想讓我們的聽眾(模仿機器人

語調(diào))在將來的某一天聽機器人主持節(jié)目。

Neiklndeed,weneed!Wetalkaboutkeepingourfingerscrossedwhenwe

hopethatthingsaregoingtoturnoutinthewaywewantthemtointhe

future.

我們確實需要祈禱！我們用keepingourfingerscrossed表達我們希望事情在將來

發(fā)展成我們期待的那樣。

Finn:That'sright.So