熱點話題04傳染病防治與公共衛(wèi)生應(yīng)急

一、主題解析

“傳染病防治與公共衛(wèi)生應(yīng)急''這一主題在英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中是關(guān)于“人與自我——健康生活與安全防

護”的核心子話題，同時隸屬于“人與社會——公共服務(wù)與社會治理”范疇。這一主題聚焦傳染病的傳

播機制、防控措施、公共衛(wèi)生體系響應(yīng)等關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容，既涵蓋艾滋病、新冠肺炎等具體疫病的專業(yè)知識，也

涉及個人防護、社區(qū)防控、全球公共衛(wèi)生合作等實踐維度。在高考閱讀中，此類話題常以新聞報道、科普

說明文、公共衛(wèi)生公告等形式呈現(xiàn)，考查考生對醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語、防控政策、數(shù)據(jù)描述等內(nèi)容的理解與信息篩選

能力。

二、句子積累

1.閱讀必備詞塊droplettransmission匕沫傳播

（1）疫病基礎(chǔ)術(shù)語contacttransmission接觸傳播

coronavirus冠狀病毒(2019-nCoV2019新型冠狀airbometransmission空氣傳播

病毒）blood-bornetransmission血液傳播

viralpneumonia病毒性肺炎mothcr-to-childtransmission母嬰傳播

severeacuterespiratorysyndrome(SARS)嚴(yán)重急性routeoftransmission傳染途徑

呼吸綜合征（非典）chainoftransmission傳播鏈

incubationperiod潛伏期mobilesourceofinfection行走的傳染源

asymptomaticcarrier無癥狀攜帶者cross-speciestransmission跨物種傳播

superspreader超級傳播者（3）防控核心措施

pathogenicity致病性epidemicpreventionandcontrol疫情防控

transmissibility傳染性earlydetectionandisolation早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早隔離

morbidity發(fā)病（率）self-quarantine自我隔離

fatalityrate病死率nucleicacidtesting(NAT)核酸檢測

（2）傳播機制相關(guān)healthscreening健康篩查

person-to-persontransmission人傳人disinfection消毒

mask-wearing佩戴口罩nosocomialinfection院內(nèi)感染

handhygiene手衛(wèi)生acuterespiratoi-ydistresssyndrome(ARDS)急性呼

cutofftransmissionchannels切斷傳播途徑吸窘迫綜合征

combattheoutbreak抗擊疫情(5)機構(gòu)與政策術(shù)語

travelrestrictions旅行限制PublicHealthEmergencyofInternationalConcern

buildsocietaldefenselines構(gòu)筑社會防線(PHEIC)國際關(guān)注的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件

diseaseoutbreakresponseplan疾病爆發(fā)應(yīng)急預(yù)案WorldHealthOrganization(WHO)世界衛(wèi)生組織

(4)醫(yī)療與數(shù)據(jù)術(shù)語ChineseCenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention

confirmedcase確診病例(ChinaCDC)中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心

suspectedcase疑似病例NationalHealthCommission(NHC)國家衛(wèi)生健康

severecase重癥病例委員會

iinportedcase輸入性病例unifiedemergencysupplysystem統(tǒng)一N急物資保障

recoveryrate治愈率體系

mortalityrate死亡率publichealthlegalframework公共衛(wèi)生法治保障

clinicaldata臨床數(shù)據(jù)contacttracing接觸者追蹤

serodiagnosis血清診斷suneillancedata監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)

occupationalexposure職業(yè)暴露

2.常見句式

(1)政策與應(yīng)急響應(yīng)

Th?WorldHealthOrganizationhasdeclaredthemonkeypoxoutbreakaPublicHealthEmergencyofInternational

Concern.

世界衛(wèi)生組織已宣布猴痘疫情構(gòu)成國際關(guān)注的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件。

NewYorkCitydeclaredapublichetilthemergencytocombatthegrowingmeaslesoutbreak.

紐約市宣布進入公共衛(wèi)生緊急狀態(tài)，以應(yīng)對口益嚴(yán)重的麻疹疫恃。

Thegovernmenthasissuedadiseaseoutbreakresponseplantocurbthevirusspread.

政府一發(fā)布疾病爆發(fā)應(yīng)急預(yù)案以遏制病毒傳播。

Channelingpreventionresourcestocommunityleveliskeytocontrolling(heepidemic.

將防控資源下沉至社區(qū)是控制疫倩的關(guān)鍵。

Thispolicyexpiredalongwiththenationalcoronaviruspublichealthemergency.

該政策隨著全國新冠疫情公共衛(wèi)生緊急狀態(tài)的結(jié)束而失效。

（2）預(yù)防與防護建議

BasicstrategiesforpreventingCOVID-19includehandwashingandpropermask-wearing.

預(yù)防新冠肺炎的基本策略包括洗手和正確佩戴口罩。

Avoidclosecontactwithanyoneshowingflu-likcsymptomssuchasfeverandcough.

避免與出現(xiàn)發(fā)熱、咳嗽等流感樣癥狀的人密切接觸。

Regularscreeningtestshelpdetectinfectiousdiseasesatanearlystage.

定期篩查有助于在早期發(fā)現(xiàn)傳染病。

Weshouldstrengthenrespiratoryhygiene,likewearingN95respiratorsincrowds.

我們應(yīng)加強呼吸道衛(wèi)生防護，如在人群中佩戴N95口罩。

Disinfectingpublicareasregularlycanreducetheriskofcontacttransmission.

定期對公共區(qū)域消毒可降低接觸傳播風(fēng)險。

（3）醫(yī)學(xué)與傳播描述

Novelcoronavirusestypicallycausesevererespiratorysymptomsinvulnerablepopulations.

新型冠狀病毒通常在易感人群中引發(fā)嚴(yán)重呼吸道癥狀。

HIVdestroysthehumanimmunesystem,leadingtomultipleincurableinfections.

艾磁病病毒破壞人體免疫系統(tǒng)，導(dǎo)致多種不可治愈的感染。

HepatitisBismainlytransmittedthroughbloodandmother-to-childcontact.

乙型肝炎主要通過血液和母嬰接觸傳播。

Thavirushasanincubationperiodof1-14days,withsomeasymptomaticcases.

該病毒潛伏期為1至14天，存在部分無癥狀病例。

Theincidencerateofthediseasehasdroppedsignificantlyduetowidespreadvaccination.

由于廣泛接種疫苗，該病的發(fā)病率已大幅下降。

（4）數(shù)據(jù)與趨勢分析

Themortalityrateofthisinfectiousdiseaseishigheramongtheelderlyover65.

這種傳染病在65歲以上老年人中的死亡率更高。

Recentsurveillancedatashowasui^einflucasesinnorthernregions.

近期監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)顯示北方地區(qū)流感病例激增。

Thsrecoveryratehasreached92%thankstoeffectivetreatmentprotocols.

得益于々效的治療方案，治愈率已達92%o

Importedcasesaccountedfor30%ofthenewlyconfirmedinfectionslastweek.

上周輸入性病例占新增確診病例的30%o

Th?numberofclosecontactstracedhasexceeded2,000sofar.

截至目前，追蹤到的密切接觸者已超過2000人。

(5)全球與社會協(xié)作

Virusknowsnoborders,sointernationalcooperationisvitalforepidemiccontrol.

病毒無國界，因此國際合作對疫情防控至關(guān)重要。

Healthcareworkersonthefrontlinearemakinggreateffortstosavepatients.

一線醫(yī)護人員正全力救治患者。

StakeholdersincludinggovernmentsandNGOsshouldworktogethertosustainpreventionefforts.

政府和非政府組織等利益相關(guān)方應(yīng)攜手維持防控工作。

Thepublicshouldcomplywithpreventivemeasurestobuildasocietaldefenseline.

公眾應(yīng)遵守預(yù)防措施，共同構(gòu)筑社會防線。

Strengthening(hepublichealthlegalframeworkcanimproveemergencyresponsecapacity.

完善公共衛(wèi)生法治保障可提升應(yīng)急響應(yīng)能力。

(6)科普與認(rèn)知引導(dǎo)

ItisamisunderstandingthatAIDScanbetransmittedthroughcasualcontact.

認(rèn)為艾滋病可通過口常接觸傳播是一種誤解。

SARSwasbelievedtooriginatefromcross-spccicstransmissioninwetmarkets.

非典被認(rèn)為起源于濕貨市場的跨物種傳播。

Asymptomaticcarriersmayunknov/inglyspreadthevirustoothers.

無癥狀攜帶者可能在不知情的情況下將病毒傳染給他人。

Earlymedicalattentioniscrucialforpatientswithseveresymptoms.

出現(xiàn)重癥癥狀的患者應(yīng)及口寸就醫(yī)，這至關(guān)重要。

Vaccinationisaneffectivewaytoprotectsusceptiblepopulations.

接種疫苗是保護易感人群的有效方式。

Goodhygienehabitslikefrequenthand-washingcanpreventmanyinfectiousdiseases.

勤洗手等良好衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣可預(yù)防多種傳染病。

Thagovernmenthasreleasedahealthdeclarationformfortravelersenteringthecountry.

政府已為入境旅客推出健康申報表。

I

Recently,some220flamingos（火烈鳥）havebeenfounddeadintheprovinceofCatamarcain

northwesternArgentinaduetobirdflu,ahighlyinfectiousanddeadlyviraldisease（hatnaturallyspreadsthrough

wildaquatic（水棲的）birds,butcanalsoinfectotherbirdspecies,suchasdomesticpoultry.

TheH5N1birdfluhasspreadinmorethan80countriessince2022.Aroundtheglobe,therehavebeen

reportsofbirdfluoutbreaksinvariousmammals,detectionofthevirusindomesticcatsanddogs,aswellasa

fewcasesinhumans.Thereisariskthattheinfectedbirdsmayspreadthediseasetonewareasduringmigration

（遷徙）.Originally,theH5N1spreadfromNorthAmericatoSouthAmericathroughmigratorybirdsinthree

menths,accordingtoDr.JohannaHaney,aresearcherfromtheUniversityofMaryland.4tNow,itonlytakesone

infectedbirdtopasson（hevirustoawholeflock（群）inamatterofdays/'Harveysaid,“Flamingosareknownto

behighlygregarious（群居的）animalsthatliveinlargeflocks.^^

Harvey'sconcernsarcthatbirdsarcclearlycontinuingtospreadit,andit'snotgoingaway.Besides,asthe

numberofdeathspilesup,theimpactonpopulationsandpotentiallyevenentirespeciesisreallygreat.UIdon't

thinkthetruedegreeoflosshereiswellunderstoodandhasnotbeendocumented,becauseit'sreallyhardtodo.”

Harveyadded.

SinceDecember2021,11casesoftheH5N1havebeenreportedinhumansglobally,"Forpeoplewho

interactwithwildbirds,theredoesn'tseemtobeahugerisktothem,becausethenumberofhumancaseshave

remainedsmallglobally,sowe'renottooworriedaboutthat.^^saidDr.KrystenSchuler,anassistantresearch

professor,4tButthemutation（變異）potentialandthewidedistributionofthisvinisarethemajorriskfactors.”

Thereisnotmuchthatcanbedonetostopthespreadofthevirus,butSchulerrecommendsthatpeople

reportanyunusualanimaldeathswithoutanobviouscausetotheirstalewildlifeagencies,sotheycanbe

informedofwhatareasthediseaseisspreadingto."Ifthereisanypotentialtodosomethingaboutit,ourbest

optionisrightatthebeginning.^^Schulersaid.

I.Whatisparagraph1ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Theunknowncauseofflamingos'death.

B.Theeffectofbirdfluonotharbirdspecies.

C.Theoutbreakofbirdfluinwildaquaticbirds.

D.Theaccurateidentificationofvirusinflamingos.

2.WhatcausesthevirustospreadrapidlyaccordingtoHarvey?

A.Thesocialflamingos,movinginlargegroups.

B.Variousmammalsthathavecaughtthedisease.

C.Thevirusdevelopingintoamorepowerfultype.

D.Therisingnumberofinfecteddomesticcatsanddogs.

3.WhatdoesDr.KrystcnSchulersuggest?

A.Peopleshouldmakeeffortstoguaranteethesafetyofflamingos.

B.Abnormalanimaldeathsshouldbereportedtorelatedagencies.

C.Morenaturalhabitatsshouldberestoredformigratorybirds.

D.Effectivemeasuresshouldbeadoptedtostopthevirusspread.

4.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?

A.Thevirus'outbreakandglobalspreadconcernexperts.

B.Thevirushasimpactedgreatlyontheentirespecies.

C.Peoplehavenochancetobeinfectedwiththevirus.

D.TheH5N1birdfluspreadseasilybetweenpeople.

2

ScientistsinBrazilarereleasinggeneticallymodified（改良的）mosquitoestocontainthemassiveoutbreak

ofdenguefever,amosquito-borneillness.Morethanamillioncasesoftheviralinfectionhavebeenreportedin

thefirsttwomonthsof2024,twicemorethanwhatwerereportedinthesameperiodin2023.InFebruary,Riode

Janeirodeclaredtheoutbreakapublichealthemergencyafterthecityrecordedmorethan42,000casesofthe

disease.

InBrazil,thediseaseisconslaiillyuiiuulaling.Bulwccii2003and2019,moicliian11milliuncaseswere

reportedinthecountry,withpeaktransmissionnormallyoccurringduringtheannualrainyseasonfromOctoberto

May.Unusually,largeoutbreaksoccurroughlyeverythreetofouryears.Onlyoneinfourpeopleinfectedwiththe

denguevirusdevelopmildsymptoms,whichgenerallyclearwithin（wotosevendays.However,ih?diseasecan

sometimesprogressandbecomesevere,leadingtohospitalizationarc!possiblydeath.

Facedwitharisingnumberofdenguecases,healthauthoritiesinBrazilaretestingalternativeapproaches

tocontrolthespreadofthedisease,includingtheuseofgeneticallymodifiedmosquitoes,asolutionproposedby

bictechcompanyOxitec.

ThecompanybreedsmaleAedesaegyptimosquitoes—thespecies（hatspreadsthedenguefevervirusto

humans—thataregeneticallymodifiedtocarryagenethatkillsanyfemaleoffspringtheyspawn（產(chǎn)卵）.Dengue

feverisspreadthrough（hebilesoffemaleA.aegyptimosquitoes,soreleasingthesemodifiedmosquitoesintoa

regioncanhelpreducethenumberofpeststhatcanspreadthevirustopeople.TheeggsofOxitcc'smodified

malemosquitoesarcplacedinboxesandthenhatchedwiththeadditionofwater.

Themodifiedmosquitoes“completethecycleinsidetheseboxesinabouttendaysandtheadultinsects

comeouttodotheirwork,“NataliaFerreira,Oxitcc'sgeneralmanagersaid.TheapproachcanreduceA.aegypti

populationnumbersbyupto90percentinregionswherethegeneticallymodifiedmosquitoesarereleased.There

havebeenconcernsthatthesegeneticallymodifiedmosquitoessometimesproduceoffspringthatcansuniveto

passontheirgenestonativeinsects.Butsofar,there'snoevidencetosuggestthiscouldharmhumans.

1.WhyaregeneticallymodifiedmosquitoesbeingreleasedinBrazil?

A.Togetridofmosquitoes.B.Toincreasethebiodiversity.

C.Toreducedenguefevercases.D.Toimprovemosquitogenes.

2.WhatcanwclearnfromParagraph2?

A.Hotanddryweatherspeedsupthevirustransmission.

B.25%of（heinfectedpeopledevelopseveresymptoms.

C.Thereisanoutbreakofdenguefevereveryfouryears.

D.DenguefeveriswidespreadandreappearinginBrazil.

3.Howdothemodifiedmosquitoeswork?

A.Bykillinglivefemalemosquitoes.B.Bycuttingdownonfemaleoffspring.

C.Bystoppingmosquitoesfromhatching.D.Byrelievingtheinfectioussymptoms.

4.Whatconcernspeopleaboutthemodifiedmosquitoes?

A.Theyaffectlucalspevies.B.Theyincicasedenguecases.

C.Theyareathreattohumans.D.Theygrowtoofasttocontrol.

3

ChronicWastingDiseaseorCWD-madcowdiseaseindeer-neverreallywentawaybutitisbackbigtime

一justintimefordeerhuntingseason.

AccordingtotheDailyMail,CWDisnicknamed“zombie（僵尸）deerdiseas”becauseit“causespartsof

thebraintoslowlywentill,leavingintectedanimalstospitandstareblanklybeforetheydie.”

ThenewUSCWDscareoriginatedincaptive（圈養(yǎng)的）deerwherethegovernmentsaysCWDwasfirst

observedin1967.Peopleadoptedthatwayofraisingdeerinordertogaincannedhuntingin^fenced''operations,

“breedingslock"andtheirvelvet（鹿茸）andantlers（鹿角）fbrsale.

CanpeopleinfectCWD?Yes!Inhumans,CWDcancause（hedisorderofspiritcalledvariant（變異）

Crcutzfcldt-Jakohdisease（vCJD）whichisdeadlytohumansliketoanimals.Whilenon-variantCJDmightoccur

occasionally,vCJDoccursingroups—wherethemeathasbeen“harvested”andeaten.In2005,200to250

peopleunwittingly（不知不覺地）ateCWD-infecteddeerinaNewYorkstatecounty.Now,NewYorkauthorities

warnnotto“consumeanimalthatappearssickordiseased"，andwarnthatillegallyimportedbodiesorpartsof

animalswillbecontrolledanddestroyedtopreventdiseasespread.

Whenthediseasewasactivebefore,theFortCollinsColoradoanreportedthatalocalhuntersaidwhenhis

deerwasfoundtobeCWD-infectedthatheworriedabouthisblood-soakedhandsonhistruck'swheelanddoor

handlesandhisblood-soakedclothes.

A2（X）2outbreakofCWDinWisconsinledto“fYeefirezones”inwhichalldeerwouldbekilledtowipe

outthedisease.Despiteclaimsofdeer“overpopulation"，Wisconsinhad,atthetime,700licenseddeerfarms.

Deerhuntingwasa$400millionbusinessinthestate.

AsrecentlyasMay,theTexasParksandWildlifeDepartmentkilled250captivewhitetaildeertocontain

CWDthoughthediseaseisaoftencausedbycaptiveoperations.

1.WhatistheinterestingnameofCWD?

A.Zombiedeerdisease.B.VariantCreutzfeldt-Jakobdisease.

C.Madcowdisease.D.Freefirezonesdisease.

2.Whyarcdeerkeptincapativity（圈養(yǎng)）accordingtothetext?

A.Forscientificresearch.B.Forwatching.

C.Forthesaleoftheirvelvetandantlers.D.ForprotectingthemfromCWD.

3.WhalcanbeiiifeuedfiumtlieincidentthatpeopleunwittinglyaleCWD-infecteddeer?

A.Peopledidn'tliketoseedeerkilled.

B.TheNewYorkauthoritiesdidnottaketimelyaction.

C.ThereisariskofhumanscontractingCWDthroughinfectedmeat.

D.TheCWDoutbreakinNewYorkwascausedbyillegalimports.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.HowtoPreventChronicWastingDisease?

B.DoYouknowChronicWastingDisease?

C.Don'tAteCWD-infcctcdDeerMeat

D.MadCowDiseaseinDeerIsBackAgain

4

Stressfullifeeventsaffectusall,whetherit,sproblemsatwork,movingtoanewcity,orchangeslikegoing

awaytoschool.Eachpersonreactstostressdifferently,andwhilemostlearntocope,thosewitliadjustment

disordersmayexperiencestrongerandprolongedreactions.

Adjustmentdisorderscanimpactbothchildrenandadults,andtheyareoftentreatedwiththerapy（治療），

medication,oracombinationofboth.Psychotherapyisthepreferredtreatment,withmethodsvaryingbasedon

thespecificstressor.Forinstance,astressormaybeasinglesignificanteventlikeendingarelationshipor

multipleissueslikelosingyourjobandhavingmaritalproblems.

Therearcsixtypesofadjustmentdisorders.Someexhibitassignsofdepression—lowmooc.tearfulness,

andhopelessness—whileotherspresentanxietysymptomssuchasnervousnessandworry.Conductdisturbances,

includingreckless（魯莽的）behavior,alcoholordrugabuse,arcalsocommon.

Researchontreatmenteffectivenessforadjustmentdisordershasbeenlimited.Arecentreviewof

psychologicalstudiesfrom1980to2016foundthequalityofevidenceforpositiveeffectstobelow.Forsome

people,adjustmentdisordermayremitonitsown（e.g.,youfindajobyoulove）.However,toothers,itcanactas

asigntomoresevereconditionslikemajordepressionoranxietydisordersifuntreated.

Therapyforadjustmentdisordersistypicallybriefandsolution-focused,aimingtohelpindividuals

understandthestressor'simpact,reducesymptoms,anddevelopeffectivecopingstrategies.Forthesestruggling

withdepression,therapymayemploycognitive-behavioraltechniquesorinterpersonaltherapy（oimprove

relationships.

Childrenandteensalsoexperienceadjustmentdisorders,buttherapyforyoungerindividualsoftenfocuses

onbehavioialsymptoins,impulse（沖動）conliol.andcuiniiiunicaiunskills.Familytheiapycanhelpiesolve

conflictsandimprovesupportsystems.Andpeergrouptherapyoffersadolescentsasafespacetodevelopsocial

skillsandexpresstheiremotions,remindingthemthattheyarenotaloneintheirstruggles.Throughthese

approaches,teenscanlearntoaddresslife'schallengesmoreeffectively.

1.Whichstatementbestsummarizesadjustmentdisorders?

A.Theirmajoraffectedgroupareadults.B.Theyrequirelong-termmedication.

C.1heycanarisetromdiversestressors.1）.Iheirsymptomsareoilenpermanent.

2.Whatdocsparagraph3mainlydiscuss?

A.Thevarioussymptomsofadjustmentdisorders.

B.Theimpactofadjustmentdisordersondailylife.

C.Theunderlyingreasonsforadjustmentdisorders.

D.Thestrategiesforhandlingadjustinentdisorders.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“remit”inparagraph4probablymean?

A.Fade.B.Continue.C.Shift.D.Expand.

4.Howdocstherapyforteensdifferfromthatforadults?

A.Itreliesonfamilyconflictsandsupport.B.Itfocusesmoreoncognitiverestructuring.

C.Itismorecomplexandlongerinduration.D.Itinvolvesfamilyandpeersupportsystems.

5

Avaccine（疫苗）designedtoprotectkoalasfromchlamydia（衣原體）hasbeenofficiallyapproved,

markingaworld-firstmilestoneinfightingadiseasethatranksamongthetopkillersofthesesymbo'icAustralian

animals.Researchersandconservationistsarecelebratingthisbreakthrough,highlightingitspotential（oslowor

evenfix（hedeclineofkoalapopulationsstrugglingwithwidespreadinfectionacrosskeyhabitats.

Chlamydiacausesseverehanntokoalas:itleadstoblindness,leavingtheanimalsunabletofindandclimb

treesforfood,andeventuallyresultsinslowstarvation.Somekoalas,especiallyinSouthEastQueenslandand

NewSouthWales,areedgingclosertolocalextinctioneachday.Infectionratesoftenstayaround50%,andin

someheavilyaffectedareas,theycanjumpashighas70%.Thediseasealsomakesbothmaleandfemalekoalas

infertile,whichfurtherreducestheiralreadysmallpopulations.

Foryears,antibiotics（抗生素）werethemainwaytotreatchlamydiainkoalas,buttheyhavebig

drawbacks.Theyareoftenineffectiveatfullyclearing（heinfection,failtopreventfuturere-infections,andcause

somesideeffects.Whenchlamydiahasdestroyedtoomuchtissue,theonlykindoptionleftisendingtheanimal's

lifepainlesslytorelieveitssuffering,makingthenewvaccineaviuilsourceofiiupc.

Targetingchlamydia'sMOMPprotein,thevaccinegivesthreetypesofprotection:reducinginfectionrisk,

stoppingmildcasesfromworsening,andclearingupsymptoms（癥狀）.A2023studyfoundthevaccinereduced

signsofchlamydiainkoalasthatareoldenoughcohavebabies,andcutdeathscausedby（hediseaseby64%.

Plus,developedovermore（hanadecade,thisvaccineremovesthereedforboostershots—apracticaladvantage

thatwillsimplifyitsuseinkoalagroups.

Australia'sPesticidesandVeterinaryMedicinesAuthority（APVMA）approvedthevaccineinJune,andits

permitwilllastuntilJune2027.Rightnow,plansareinplacetomake（hevaccineonalargescaletohelpkoala

groupsatrisk.

1.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthevaccinefromthefirstparagraph?

A.Itaidskoalapopulationstability.B.It，scuredkoalachlamydiainfection.

C.It'sfbrallAustraliananimals.D.It'suselessfbrkoalasurvival.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“infertile“inParagraph2mean?

A.Visuallydisadvantaged.B.Unabletohavebabies.C.Lessmobile.

D.Nutritionallypoor.

3.Whatisthethirdparagraphabout?

A.Howantibioticstreatkoalas.B.Whythenewvaccineisneeded.

C.Whenantibioticsfailkoalas.D.Wherethenewvaccineworks.

4.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthekoalavaccinefromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.ItsAPVMAapprovallastsseveralyears.B.Itrequiresregularboostershotslater.

C.Massproductionhasalreadystarted.D.Itreducesallkoaladeathsby64%.

6

Thefirstmalariadrugfornewbornbabiesandthoseweighinglessthan11poundshasbeenapprovedby

S認(rèn)issmedicalauthoritiesinamovethatcouldbridgeatreatmentgapforsomeofthosemostvulnerabletothe

disease,developersandexpertssay.

CoartcmBaby,alsoknownasRiamctBaby,wasdevelopedbytheSwissnonprofitorganizationMedicines

forMalariaventureincooperationwiththeSwissdrugcompanyNovartistotreatthedeadlymosquito-borneand

parasite（寄生蟲）-infectedillness.MMVsaidinastatementTuesday.

Despitebeingbothpreventableandtreatable,malariaremainsaseriousglobalhealththreat,with263

millioncasesand597,000deathsworldwidein2023.Childrenunder5aresomeofthemostvulnerable,

aucouiiliiigIbrabuul76pcicciilofallmalariadcalhsinihcWHO'sAfiiuaregion,accordinglo2023figures.

“Thenewlyauthorizedproductaddressesacriticaltreatmentgapfbroneofthemostvulnerablepatient

populations—younginfantssufferingfrommalaria,andthedrugcanbeabsorbedbyliquid,includingbreast

milk,andhasasweetcherryflavortomakeiteasiertodeliver."Swissmedic,Switzerland'shealthagencysaid.It

saidthedevelopmentofaibrmulaespeciallyfbrchildrenmarkeda“significantstepforwardintheglobalfight

againstmalaria.”

Coartenicontainsacombinationoftheantimalarialdrugsalemetherandlumefantrine,whichisalready

approvedforuseinpatientsweighingmore（han11pounds.However,iherehadbeennoapprovedtreatmentfor

babiesweighinglessthanthis.Mostbirthweightsarebetween5.2poundsand9.7pounds.

BhargaviRao,theco-directoroftheMalariaCenter,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,saidthenew

treatmentisawelcomedevelopmentforbothveryyoungbabiesandmalnourished（營養(yǎng)不良的）childrenwho

don'tcomeundernormaltreatmentguidance.

^Traditionally,peoplehadsaidsortofsmallbabiesdidn'tgetmalariabecausetheywereprotectedbythe

methers'immunesystem,but1thinkwe'reincreasinglyrecognizingthatsufferingsinverysmallchildrenarenot

insignificantandtheyjustpresentinverydifferentways.Evenverylowlevelsofparasitescangivefairlysevere

malariaanddeath,“shetoldTheWashingtonPost.

I.WhatistheprimarypurposeofdevelopingCoartemBaby?

A.Toreplacetheexistingmalariatreatments.

B.Tooffernewbornsatreatmentformalaria.

C.Tofightagainstthemalnutritioninchildren.

D.Toreducethecostsoftheantimalariadrugs.

2.WhichmakesCoartemBabyespeciallysuitableforyoungbabies?

A.Itsabilitytomeltanditssweettaste.

B.Itseffectivenessintreatingthemalaria.

C.Itscombinationoftwoantimalarialdrugs.

D.Itspotentialtostrengthentheimmunesystem.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmightBhargaviRaoagreewi:h?

A.Younginfantsarcimmunetomalaria.

B.Malariaisn,tasseriousininfantsasinadults.

C.Mildmalariainfectionscanbedeadlyinbabies.

D.Nuunallicatinciitisaccessiblelumalnuuiishedbabies.

4.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.World'sFirstMalariaDrugApproved

B.MoreAttentionPaidtoMalariainBabies

C.Malaria-NoLongeraThreattoNewborns

D.ABreakthroughinMalariaDrugforInfants

7

TherewasagirlnamedSabrinawhosufferedfromaseverepeanutallergy.Thiscondition,characterizedby

symptomslikesevereitching,swelling,anddifficultybreathinguponexposuretopeanuts,couldhavebeenfatalif

notdetectedandmanagedearly.

Fortunately,herallergywasidentifiedatayoungage.Withthehelpofdoctorsandstrictdietarymeasures,

shewasabletocontrolhersymptomsandleadanormallife.However,thisexperiencehadaprofoundimpacton

her,andshebecamepassionateabouthelpingotherswiththesamesufferingofchronicdiseaseslikeher.

Sabrinarealizedthatearlydetectionwascrucialformanysuchconditions.Shedecidedtofocusherstudies

onthisareaandeventuallygotadmittedtothemedicalschooloftheYale,whereshespecializedintheearly

detectionofchronicdiseases.Duringherstudies,sheencounteredvariouschronicdiseaseswithspecific

symptoms.Onesuchdiseasewasdiabetes,characterizedbyhighbloodsugarlevels,fatigue,frequenturination,

andincreasedthirst.Anotherwaschronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(COPD),whichcausedpersistent

coughing,shortnessofb