2025-2026學(xué)年上海市同濟(jì)大學(xué)第二附屬中學(xué)高二上學(xué)期12月月考英語試題.ReadingComprehensionSectionA(30’)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Whydoyoupullyourselfoutofbedeverymorningtogotoworkorschool?Whatdoesittaketomakeyoufeellikeyourcontributioninthoseplacesistruly____21____?Knowingwhat____22____youcanhelpyoufindmeaninginyourworkandputforththeeffortnecessarytoreachyourgoals.Psychologistshaveawidevarietyofwaysof____23____anddifferentiatingmotivationsbecausepeoplecareaboutsomanydifferentthings.PsychologistsDavidMcClellandidentifiedthreemainmotivationsforpeople:____24____(thefeelingofsuccess),affiliation(closerelationships)andpower(theabilitytoinfluencetheworld).AuthorsAdrianGostickandChesterEltonidentified23motivations,includingcreativity,challengeandlearning.Somemotivations,suchasmoney,socialstatusandpraise,are____25____;thesearethetoolsbossestypicallyusetoencouragetheiremployeesto____26____.Othermotivations,includingfun,personalgrowthand____27____likeone’sworkissignificant,comefromwithinthepersondoingtheaction.Theseideals,calledintrinsicmotivations,tendtobemorereliablethanexternalonesbecausetheyrepresentthingsthatcanneverbe____28____.Sinceawidevarietyofmotivationsexist,it’simportanttotellwhichonesare____29____toyou.Tryingtomotivateyourselfinawaythatdoesn’tappealtoyouwillmakeit____30____toconvinceyourselftowork.Whenchoosingacareer,thinkaboutwhatmotivatesyouandmakedecisions____31____.Ifyouaremotivatedbyovercomingchallenges,____32____acareerwhereyoucancontinuallystrivetoreachahigherlevel.Insomefields,certainmotivationsmaybecomeaduty.____33____,managersmotivatedbyadesiretopleaseotherpeoplemaystruggletogivenegativefeedbackbecausetheyfearhurtingteammembers’feelings.Peoplemotivatedbyexternalrewardssometimesstruggletomeetgoalstheysetforthemselvesthatnooneelseknowsabout.Theycan____34____thisproblembycreatingexternalrewardsfortheirpersonalgoalssuchasfindingafriendtoholdthemaccountable.Whenyouknowwhatmotivatesyou,youwillbeabletomotivateyourselftodothethingsnecessarytosucceed.Andifyouarea____35____,knowingwhatmotivatesyourteamwillenableyoutohelpthemdothesame.21.A.realistic B.worthwhile C.sufficient D.constant22.A.affects B.motivates C.convinces D.challenges23.A.describing B.gaining C.inspiring D.changing24.A.responsibility B.creativity C.learning D.achievement25.A.temporary B.lasting C.external D.understandable26.A.stop B.relax C.obey D.excel27.A.smelling B.sounding C.seeming D.feeling28.A.lookedinto B.keptup C.takenaway D.dealtwith29.A.persuasive B.obvious C.ordinary D.efficient30.A.important B.difficult C.necessary D.miserable31.A.regularly B.accordingly C.progressively D.immediately32.A.lookfor B.putaside C.takedown D.makeup33.A.Bycontrast B.Inaddition C.Forinstance D.Todate34.A.create B.identify C.solve D.consider35.A.producer B.teacher C.doctor D.leaderSectionB(12*2)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Whichareyoumorelikelytohavewithyouatanygivenmoment—yourcellphoneoryourwallet?Soonyoumaybeabletothrowyourwalletawayandpayforthingswithaquickwaveofyoursmartphoneoveranelectronicscanner.InJanuary,Starbucksannouncedthatcustomerscouldstartusingtheirphonestobuycoffeein6,800ofitsstores.Thisisthefirstpay-by-phonepracticeintheU.S.,butwe’relikelytoseemorewirelesspaymentalternativesassomethingcallednearfieldcommunication(NFC)getsintoAmerica’sconsumerelectronics.LastDecember,somenewsmartphoneswhichcontainanNFCchipwereintroducedtothepublic.AlreadyinuseinpartsofAsiaandEurope,NFCallowsshopperstowavetheirphonesafewinchesaboveapaymentterminal—acontact—freesystembuiltforspeedandconvenience.ButbeforeNFCbecomeswidelyadoptedintheU.S.,afewproblemsneedtobeworkedout,likewhowillgettocollecttheprofitabletransaction(交易)fees.Althoughsomecreditcardprovidershavebeenexperimentingwithwave-and-paysystemsthatuseNFCenabledcreditcards,cellphoneserviceprovidersmaytrytomuscletheirwayintothepoint-of-sale(POS)market.Threebigcellphoneserviceprovidershaveformedajointventure(合資企業(yè))thatwillgointooperationoverthenext15months.Itsgoalis“toleadtheU.S.paymentsindustryfromcardstomobilephone.”TheotherbigNFCissue,apartfromhowpaymentswillbeprocessed,issecurity.Forinstance,what’stostopathieffromdigitallypickpocketingyou?“We’restillnotatthepointwhereanattackercanjustbrushagainstyouinacrowdandstealallthemoneyoutofyourphone,”saysJimmyShah.Amobilesecurityresearcher,“Usersmayalsobeabletosettransactionlimits,perhapsrequiringapasswordtobeenteredforlargerpurchases.”Stillanxiousaboutthisdigital-walletbusiness?Keepinmindthatifyouloseyoursmartphone,itcanbelocatedonamapandremotelydisabled.Plus,yourphonecanbepasswordprotected.Yourwalletisn’t.36.WhatispredictedtohappenintheU.S.?ATheexpansionofcellphonecompanies.BTheboomof-pay-by-phonebusiness.C.Thedisappearanceofcreditcards.D.TheincreaseofStarbuckssales.37.TheNFCtechnologycanbeusedto________.A.ensurethesafetyofshoppers B.collecttransactionfeeseasilyC.makepurchasefasterandsimpler D.improvethequalityofcellphones38.Threecellphoneserviceprovidersformajointventureto________.A.strengthentheirrelationship B.getashareinthepaymentsindustryC.sellmorecellphones D.testtheNFCtechnology39.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanusersdoiftheylosetheirsmartphones?A.Stopthefunctioningoftheirphones. B.Setupapassword.C.Getallthemoneyoutoftheirphones. D.Cancellargepurchases.(B)SearchengineshavechangedthewayweusetheInternet,puttingvastsourcesofinformationjustafewclicksaway.ButHarvardprofessorofpsychologyLineDanielWegner’srecentresearchprovesthatwebsitesandtheInternetarechangingmuchmorethantechnologyitself.Theyarechangingthewayourmemoriesfunction.Wegner’slateststudyshowsthatwhenpeoplehaveaccesstosearchengines,theyrememberfewerfactsandlessinformationbecausetheyknowtheycanrelyon“search”asareadilyavailableshortcut.WegnerbelievesthenewfindingsshowthattheInternethasbecomepartofatransactivememorysource,amethodbywhichourbrainsdivideinformation.Transactivememoryexistsinmanyforms,aswhenahusbandreliesonhiswifetorememberarelative’sbirthday.Youdon’thavetoremembereverythingintheworldyourself.Youjusthavetorememberwhoknowsit.Nowcomputersandtechnologyarebecomingvirtualextensionsofourmemory.Wegnerconductedseveralexperimentstodemonstratethephenomenon,usingvariousformsofmemoryrecalltotestrelianceoncomputers.Inoneexperiment,participantsdemonstratedthattheyweremorelikelytothinkofcomputertermslike“Yahoo”or“Google”afterbeingaskedasetofdifficulttriviaquestions.Inanotherexperiment,participantstypedsomestatementsintoacomputerandtheyweretoldthestatementswouldbesavedinspecificfolders.Next,theywereaskedtorecallthestatements.Finally,theyweregivencuestothewordingandaskedtonamethefolderswherethestatementswerestored.Theparticipantsprovedbetterabletorecallthefolderlocationsthanthestatementsthemselves.Wegneradmitsthatquestionsremainaboutwhetherdependenceoncomputerswillaffectmemoriesnegatively:“Nobodyknowsnowwhattheeffectsofthesetoolsareonlogicalthinking.”Studentswhohavetroublerememberingdistinctfacts,forexample,maystruggletoemploythosefactsincriticalthinking.Buthebelievesthatthesituationoverallisbeneficial,comparingdependenceoncomputerstodependenceonamechanicalhandorotherprostheticdevice.Andeventhoughwemaynotbeusingourmemoriestorecalldistinctfacts,wearestillusingthemtoconsiderwherethefactsarelocatedandhowtoaccessthem.“Westillhavetorememberthings,”Wegnerexplains.“We’rejustrememberingadifferentrangeofthings.”Hebelieveshisstudywillleadtofurtherresearchintounderstandingcomputerdependence,andlooksforwardtotracingtheextentofhumaninterdependencewiththecomputerworld—pinpointingthe“movabledividinglinebetweenusandourcomputersincybernetworks.”40.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbethebestideaofthepassage?A.Relyingontechnologyhasweakenedourcriticalthinking.B.Peopleheavilydependoncomputerforstoringinformation.C.Human’scapacityformemoryismuchweakerthanitwasbefore.D.Computersandtechnologyarereshapingthefunctionsofourbrain.41.Theexampleofrememberingarelative’sbirthday(inthe2ndparagraph)isusedto________.A.showthatpeoplewhoarecloselyrelatedtendtohavesharedmemoriesB.demonstratehowpeopleinitiallydevelopedexternalsourcesofmemoryC.illustratetheconceptofatransactivememorysourceusingafamiliarsituationD.emphasizetheeffectivenessandaccuracyoftransactivememorysources42.Fromtheexperimentweknowthatwhenaskedtoprovidefactsthatarenotfamiliartothem,peopletendto________.A.thinkofspecificinformationsources B.typeintocomputerandrememberthemCrecallthemfromtheirdeepmemories D.linktheunfamiliarfactstotheirexperiences43.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Themorewerelyoncomputer,theweakerourmemorybecomes.B.Relianceoncomputersdoesnotnecessarilyreducehumanmemory.C.Computershavehelpedpeopletounderstandthememorysystembetter.D.Researchesshouldbedonetorevealthesideeffectofcomputerdependence.(C)WhyMondayIstheMostMisunderstoodDayWhentheBoomtownRats,anIrishband,released“Don’tLikeMondays”in1979,thesongbecameaninstanthit.TheinspirationbehinditwastheClevelandElementarySchoolshootinginSanDiegothatyear.The16-year-oldperpetratorlisted“notlikingMondays”ashermainreasonforfiring36shots,killingtwoadultsandinjuringeightchildrenandapoliceofficer.Thisisnot,though,whythesongresonatedwithmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.____44____WhatmanydorecognizealltoowellisthedifficultyofsummoningtheenergytogetoutorbedonMondaymorningsinordertofacetheweekahead.Manybossesarguethatstartingofftheweekinpersonintheofficecreatesgoodenergy.Theythinkthattheinitialmeetingintheofficecanboostmoraleandencourageteamwork,whichisessentialforaproductiveworkenvironment.____45____.Apaperpublishedin2021bytheJournalofAppliedPsychologyprovidessomeinsightintothisdebate.Thestudyfoundthatpeopletendtobemoreill-manneredonMondayspossiblyduetothetransitionfromarelaxedweekendtoabusyworkschedule,andgrowmorecourteousandmoreengagedwiththeirworkastheweekunfoldsandemployeessettleintotheirroutines.Anotherpaperfrom2015byYunTaeHwang