2026年研究生入學(xué)考試英語文科語言能力測試試題及答案考試時長：120分鐘滿分：100分班級：__________姓名：__________學(xué)號：__________得分：__________試卷名稱：2026年研究生入學(xué)考試英語文科語言能力測試試題考核對象：報考英語語言文學(xué)、外國語言學(xué)及應(yīng)用語言學(xué)等文科專業(yè)的研究生題型分值分布：-判斷題（總共10題，每題2分）總分20分-單選題（總共10題，每題2分）總分20分-多選題（總共10題，每題2分）總分20分-案例分析（總共3題，每題6分）總分18分-論述題（總共2題，每題11分）總分22分總分：100分---一、判斷題（每題2分，共20分）請判斷下列說法的正誤，正確的劃“√”，錯誤的劃“×”。1.Theterm"linguisticcompetence"wasfirstintroducedbyNoamChomskyinhisbook"AspectsoftheTheoryofSyntax."2.Thepassivevoiceismorecommoninformalacademicwritingthanineverydayconversation.3.Theconceptof"pragmatics"primarilydealswiththesoundsoflanguageratherthanitsmeaning.4.ThesubjunctivemoodisstillwidelyusedinmodernEnglish,particularlyinconditionalsentences.5.Thephrase"itisrainingcatsanddogs"isanexampleofmetonymy.6.TheSapir-Whorfhypothesissuggeststhatlanguagedeterminesthought,nottheotherwayaround.7.Theterm"phoneme"referstothesmallestunitofsoundthatcanchangethemeaningofaword.8.Theuseof"will"and"shall"inEnglishisentirelyinterchangeableinallcontexts.9.Theconceptof"register"iscloselyrelatedtothesocialcontextoflanguageuse.10.ThepassivevoiceisgrammaticallyincorrectinmostspokenEnglishcontexts.二、單選題（每題2分，共20分）請從每題的四個選項(xiàng)中選出最符合題意的答案。1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacomponentofChomsky'suniversalgrammar?A.DeepstructureB.SurfacestructureC.TransformationalrulesD.Phonologicalrules2.Theterm"idiom"isbestdefinedas:A.AgrammaticalstructurethatmustbememorizedB.AphrasewhosemeaningcannotbededucedfromitsindividualwordsC.AformalexpressionusedinacademicwritingD.Averbformusedinthepassivevoice3.Theprocessofadding"-s"toaverbtoformthethird-personsingularpresenttenseiscalled:A.ConjugationB.DerivationC.InflectionD.Syntax4.Thestudyofhowlanguageisusedinsocialinteractionsiscalled:A.PhoneticsB.SemanticsC.PragmaticsD.Morphology5.Theterm"displacement"inlanguagerefersto:A.TheabilitytocommunicateaboutthingsnotpresentintimeorspaceB.TheprocessofchangingsoundsinspeechC.TheuseoflanguagetoexpressemotionsD.Thestructureofwordsinasentence6.Thesubjunctivemoodismostcommonlyusedin:A.CommandsB.HypotheticalsituationsC.QuestionsD.Descriptions7.Theterm"allomorph"refersto:A.AdifferentformofawordthathasthesamemeaningB.TherulesforformingsentencesC.ThestudyofsoundsinlanguageD.Therelationshipbetweenwordsandtheirmeanings8.Thepassivevoiceisoftenpreferredinacademicwritingbecause:A.ItavoidstheuseofpersonalpronounsB.ItemphasizestheobjectoftheactionC.ItisgrammaticallysimplerthantheactivevoiceD.Itismoreconcisethantheactivevoice9.Theconceptof"cognitivelinguistics"emphasizes:A.ThesocialfunctionsoflanguageB.TherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthoughtC.ThehistoricalevolutionoflanguagesD.Thephoneticpropertiesofspeechsounds10.Thephrase"breaktheice"isanexampleof:A.MetaphorB.PersonificationC.HyperboleD.Alliteration三、多選題（每題2分，共20分）請從每題的五個選項(xiàng)中選出所有符合題意的答案。1.Whichofthefollowingarecharacteristicsofformallanguage?A.UseofcomplexsentencestructuresB.AvoidanceofcontractionsC.FrequentuseofidiomsD.Useoffirst-personpronounsE.Emphasisonclarityandprecision2.Thestudyofthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguagesiscalled:A.HistoricallinguisticsB.SociolinguisticsC.PragmaticsD.PhonologyE.Comparativelinguistics3.Thepassivevoicecanbeusedinthefollowingcontexts:A.ToemphasizetheobjectoftheactionB.ToavoidnamingtheagentC.TocreateamoreformaltoneD.TofocusonthesubjectofthesentenceE.Toindicateuncertaintyabouttheagent4.TheSapir-Whorfhypothesishastwomainversions:A.LinguisticdeterminismB.LinguisticrelativityC.CulturalinfluenceonlanguageD.UniversalgrammarE.Socialconstructionofmeaning5.Theprocessofchangingthemeaningofawordovertimeiscalled:A.SemanticshiftB.GrammaticalizationC.DerivationD.CompoundingE.Metaphor6.Thesubjunctivemoodisusedinthefollowingstructures:A.WishesB.HypotheticalsituationsC.CommandsD.RequestsE.Descriptions7.Thestudyofhowsoundsareproducedandperceivediscalled:A.PhoneticsB.PhonologyC.SemanticsD.MorphologyE.Syntax8.Thepassivevoicecanbeformedusingthefollowingstructures:A."Be+pastparticiple"B."Get+pastparticiple"C."Have+pastparticiple"D."Do+pastparticiple"E."Will+pastparticiple"9.Theconceptof"register"inlanguagerefersto:A.TheformalityoflanguageuseB.ThesocialcontextoflanguageC.TheregionaldialectsofalanguageD.Theage-relatedlanguagedifferencesE.Thestylisticchoicesinlanguage10.Thephrase"bitethebullet"isanexampleof:A.MetonymyB.MetaphorC.HyperboleD.PersonificationE.Idiom四、案例分析（每題6分，共18分）請根據(jù)以下案例，回答問題。案例1：Thefollowingsentenceistakenfromaformalacademicpaper:"Itisproposedthattheuseofpassivevoiceinscientificwritingshouldbeminimizedtoenhanceclarity."問題：1.Identifythegrammaticalstructureofthesentence.2.Explainwhythepassivevoiceisusedinthiscontext.3.Proposeanalternativesentenceusingtheactivevoiceandexplainitseffect.案例2：Thefollowingdialogueistakenfromacasualconversationbetweentwofriends:A:"Didyoufinishyourhomework?"B:"I'llgettoitlater."問題：1.IdentifythemoodoftheverbinB'sresponse.2.ExplainthepragmaticfunctionofB'sresponse.3.ProposeamorepolitealternativetoB'sresponseandexplainitseffect.案例3：Thefollowingsentenceistakenfromanewsreport:"Thesuspectwasseenrunningawayfromthescene."問題：1.Identifythegrammaticalvoiceofthesentence.2.Explainwhythepassivevoiceisusedinthiscontext.3.Proposeanalternativesentenceusingtheactivevoiceandexplainitseffect.五、論述題（每題11分，共22分）請就以下題目進(jìn)行論述。1.Discusstheroleofpragmaticsinlanguageacquisition.Provideexamplestoillustratehowpragmaticknowledgehelpslearnersunderstandanduselanguageeffectively.2.CompareandcontrasttheSapir-WhorfhypothesisandChomsky'stheoryofuniversalgrammar.Explainhowthesetheoriescontributetoourunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthought.---標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案及解析一、判斷題1.√2.√3.×4.√5.×6.×7.√8.×9.√10.×解析：1.Chomskyintroducedtheconceptof"linguisticcompetence"in"AspectsoftheTheoryofSyntax."2.Thepassivevoiceismorecommoninformalacademicwritingduetoitsfocusontheobjectratherthantheagent.3.Pragmaticsdealswiththeuseoflanguageinsocialcontexts,notjustsounds.4.Thesubjunctivemoodisstillusedinhypotheticalandformalcontexts(e.g.,"IfIwereyou").5."Itisrainingcatsanddogs"isanexampleofhyperbole,notmetonymy.6.TheSapir-Whorfhypothesissuggeststhatlanguageinfluencesthought(linguisticrelativity),nottheotherwayaround.7.Aphonemeisthesmallestunitofsoundthatdistinguishesmeaning(e.g.,/p/vs./b/in"pat"vs."bat").8."Will"and"shall"havedifferentuses(e.g.,"will"forpredictions,"shall"forsuggestions).9.Registerreferstotheformalityoflanguageuseindifferentsocialcontexts.10.ThepassivevoiceisgrammaticallycorrectandcommonlyusedinspokenEnglish(e.g.,"Theballwasthrown").二、單選題1.D2.B3.C4.C5.A6.B7.A8.B9.B10.A解析：1.Chomsky'suniversalgrammarincludesdeepstructure,surfacestructure,andtransformationalrules,butnotphonologicalrules.2.Anidiomisaphrasewhosemeaningcannotbededucedfromitsindividualwords(e.g.,"breakaleg").3.Inflectionreferstochangesinwordforms(e.g.,adding"-s"toaverb).4.Pragmaticsstudieshowlanguageisusedinsocialinteractions.5.Displacementreferstotheabilitytocommunicateaboutthingsnotpresentintimeorspace(e.g.,talkingaboutthepast).6.Thesubjunctivemoodisusedinhypotheticalsituations(e.g.,"IfIwererich").7.Anallomorphisadifferentformofamorpheme(e.g.,"-s"in"cats"vs."-es"in"boxes").8.Thepassivevoiceispreferredinacademicwritingtoemphasizetheobject(e.g.,"Theexperimentwasconducted").9.Cognitivelinguisticsemphasizestherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthought.10."Breaktheice"isanidiommeaningtoinitiateconversation.三、多選題1.A,B,E2.A,E3.A,B,C4.A,B5.A6.A,B,D7.A,B8.A,B9.A,B10.B,E解析：1.Formallanguageusescomplexstructures,avoidscontractions,andemphasizesclarity.2.Historicallinguisticsstudiestheevolutionoflanguages,andcomparativelinguisticscompareslanguages.3.Thepassivevoiceisusedtoemphasizetheobject,avoidnamingtheagent,andcreateaformaltone.4.TheSapir-Whorfhypothesisincludeslinguisticdeterminism(languageshapesthought)andlinguisticrelativity(languageinfluencesthought).5.Semanticshiftreferstochangesinwordmeaningovertime.6.Thesubjunctivemoodisusedinwishes,hypotheticalsituations,andrequests.7.Phoneticsstudiessoundproduction,andphonologystudiessoundpatterns.8.Thepassivevoicecanbeformedusing"be+pastparticiple"and"get+pastparticiple."9.Registerreferstotheformalityoflanguageuseanditssocialcontext.10."Breaktheice"isanidiom(B)andametaphor(E).四、案例分析案例1：1.Thesentenceisinthepassivevoice:"Itisproposed(bysomeone)thattheuseofpassivevoice..."2.Thepassivevoiceisusedtoavoidnamingtheagentandemphasizetheaction(usingpassivevoice).3.Alternative:"Weproposeminimizingtheuseofpassivevoiceinscientificwritingtoenhanceclarity."-Effect:Moredirectandpersonal,emphasizingtheauthors'stance.案例2：1.Themoodissubjunctive:"I'llgettoit"(futuretense,notindicative).2.Pragmaticfunction:Bisdelayingthetaskpolitely.3.Alternative:"I'lltrytofinishitlater."-Effect:Morepoliteandlessabrupt.案例3：1.Thesentenceisinthepassivevoice:"Thesuspectwasseen(bysomeone)."2.Thepassivevoic