2025年大學(xué)本科（英語）英語語言學(xué)綜合測試題及答案

（考試時(shí)間：90分鐘滿分100分）班級(jí)______姓名______第I卷（選擇題，共40分）答題要求：請從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上相應(yīng)位置作答。1.Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalled()A.MacrolinguisticsB.MicrolinguisticsC.GenerallinguisticsD.Appliedlinguistics答案：C2.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?()A.ArbitrarinessB.DualityC.DisplacementD.Instinctiveness答案：D3.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguageare()A.phonemesB.morphemesC.wordsD.sentences答案：B4.Thewayinwhichwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalled()A.morphologyB.syntaxC.semanticsD.pragmatics答案：B5.Themeaningofawordthatisrelatedtothementaloremotionalassociationsitevokesiscalled()A.denotativemeaningB.connotativemeaningC.conceptualmeaningD.grammaticalmeaning答案：B6.Theprocessbywhichwegroupthingsbasedonsharedfeaturesiscalled()A.categorizationB.generalizationC.specializationD.discrimination答案：A7.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofaboundmorpheme?()A.bookB.-s(pluralmarker)C.beautifulD.run答案：B8.Thestudyofhowsoundsarecombinedandusedinlanguagesis()A.phonologyB.phoneticsC.morphologyD.syntax答案：A第II卷（非選擇題，共60分）二、填空題（每題3分，共15分）答題要求：請?jiān)诖痤}紙上相應(yīng)位置填寫正確答案。1.Languageisasystemof()vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.答案：arbitrary2.Thethreebranchesofphoneticsarearticulatoryphonetics,acousticphoneticsand()phonetics.答案：auditory3.Semanticsisthestudyof().答案：meaning4.Pragmaticsisconcernedwiththestudyofmeaningin().答案：context5.Thetwomajortypesofaffixesareprefixesand().答案：suffixes三、簡答題（每題10分，共20分）答題要求：請簡要回答問題，答案應(yīng)簡潔明了，要點(diǎn)突出。1.Brieflyexplaintheconceptofarbitrarinessinlanguage.答案：Arbitrarinessmeansthatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweentheformofalinguisticsignanditsmeaning.Forexample,theword"dog"inEnglishhasnonaturalorlogicallinktotheanimalitrepresents.ItisjustaconventionalsymbolthatspeakersofEnglishhaveagreedtousetorefertothatparticularkindofanimal.Differentlanguagesusedifferentwordstorefertothesamething,whichfurtherdemonstratesthearbitrarinessoflanguage.2.Whatisthedifferencebetweenlangueandparole?答案：Languereferstotheabstractsystemoflanguage,includingalltherules,structuresandvocabularythatspeakersofalanguageshare.Itistheunderlyingcodethatenablesspeakerstoproduceandunderstandmeaningfulutterances.Parole,ontheotherhand,referstotheactualuseoflanguageinconcretesituationsbyindividualspeakers.Itisthespecificspeechacts,conversationsandtextsthatareproducedinrealcommunication.Langueprovidestheframework,whileparoleisthemanifestationoflanguageinaction.四、分析題（共15分）答題要求：閱讀以下材料，然后回答問題。答案應(yīng)結(jié)合材料內(nèi)容，分析合理，邏輯清晰。材料：InEnglish,theword"bank"canhavetwodifferentmeanings.Itcanrefertothesideofariverorafinancialinstitution.Thisisanexampleofpolysemy.Whenwesay"Iwenttothebanktodepositsomemoney",weareusingthefinancialinstitutionmeaning.Butwhenwesay"Wesatonthebankoftheriverandwatchedtheboats",weareusingtheriversidemeaning.問題：Explainhowpolysemyaffectslanguageunderstanding.答案：Polysemy,asshownintheexampleoftheword"bank",canmakelanguageunderstandingabitchallenging.Whenencounteringawordlike"bank",listenersorreadersneedtorelyonthecontexttodeterminewhichmeaningisintended.Withoutcontext,it'sdifficulttoknowwhetheritmeansafinancialplaceorthesideofariver.Contextcluessuchasthewordsaround"bank",thetopicoftheconversationortheoverallsituationhelpindisambiguatingthemeaning.Thisrequireslanguageuserstobesensitivetothecontextandusetheirknowledgeofthelanguagetocorrectlyinterpretthepolysemousword.五、論述題（共10分）答題要求：請結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)，對所給話題進(jìn)行論述。論述應(yīng)觀點(diǎn)明確，論據(jù)充分，條理清晰。話題：Theimportanceoflanguageincross-culturalcommunication.答案：Languageisofutmostimportanceincross-culturalcommunication.Firstly,itservesastheprimarymeansofexpressingthoughts,ideasandfeelingsbetweenpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Withoutacommonlanguageoraneffectivemeansofcommunication,misunderstandingsarelikelytooccur.Forexample,ininternationalbusinessnegotiations,accuratelanguageusehelpsconveybusinessintentionsclearly.Secondly,languagereflectsaculture'svalues,beliefsandsocialnorms.Throughlanguagestudy,wecangaininsightsintodifferentcultures.Forinstance,certainwordsorexpressionsinalanguagemayhaveculturalconnotationstha