第1題Thefactorsinfluencingthedrug'sactioninclude()AthedrugpreparationsBtherouteofadministrationCthedruginteractionsDthesex,ageandnutritionofthepatientEthefunctionofliverandkidney正確答案：ABCDE第2題AweakacidicdrugwithpKa=3.5,whatisthepercentageofnon-ionicformingastricjuicewithpH=2.5?A99.9%B0.99%C90.9%D9.09%E9%第3題A55-year-oldwomanwithhypertensionistobetreatedwithathiazidediuretic.ThiazideAinadoseof5mgproducesthesamedecreaseinbloodpressureas500mgofThiazideB.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheseresults?

AThiazideAismoreefficaciousthanThiazideBBThiazideAisabout100timesmorepotentthanThiazideBC

ToxicityofthiazideAislessthanthatofThiazideBDThiazideAhasawidertherapeuticwindowthanThiazideBEThiazideAhasalongerhalf-lifethanThiazideB第4題Whichofthefollowingdescriptionsaboutgradeddose–responserelationshipis(are)correct?()ATheeffectsaregeneratedusingscalarresponsessuchaschangeinbloodpressureBxaxisingradeddose–responsecurvesisexpressedwithlogconcentrationCyaxisingradeddose–responsecurvesisexpressedwithpercentageofEmaxDxaxisingradeddose–responsecurvesisexpressedwithdrugconcentrationEyaxisingradeddose–responsecurvesisexpressedwithpercentindividualsresponding正確答案：ABC第5題Whichofthefollowingdescriptionsaboutidiosyncraticreactionis(are)correct?()AItisquitelikelyduetogeneticallyabnormalitiesofenzymesandreceptors.BHemolyticanemiacausedbyPrimaquineinpatientswitherythrocytedeficiencyofG6PDisakindofidiosyncraticreaction.CItisallergicreaction.DBarbituratescausedhangoveronthesecondmorningisidiosyncraticreaction.EItusuallyhappensathighdosesoftheagents.正確答案：AB第6題Drugsbindingwithplasmaproteinhavethefollowingcharacteristics()ArapidexcretionBrapidmetabolismCnopharmacologicalactivityDdifficultpassingthroughbiomembranebarrierErapiddistribution正確答案：CD第7題Afterrepeatedadministration,theresponseofthebodytothedrugdecreased,thisphenomenonis____.AselectivityofdrugsBtoleranceofdrugsCdependencyoftheorganismDhabituationEneitheriscorrect第8題WhichofthefollowingadministrationswouldreachCssimmediately?()AfrequentadministrationbyintravenousinjectionBincreasingadministrationintervalCincreasingtimesofadministrationDdecreasingadministrationintervalEadministrationofloadingdose正確答案：E第9題Adrugwitht1/2=4hrsisgivenintravenously,thesteadystateofplasmaconcentrationcanbeexpectedwithin___.A3hoursB6hoursC10hoursD14hoursE20hours正確答案：E第10題Inwhichofthefollowingconditions,theweakacidicdrugphenobarbitalwillhavethelongesteffect?()AurinepH=3BurinepH=4CurinepH=5DurinepH=6EurinepH=7第11題Thefirst-passeliminationoccursmostoftenafterwhichroutofdrugadministration?()AsublingualBsubcutaneousCintravenousDintramuscularEoral正確答案：E第12題Lipiddiffusionhasthefollowingcharacteristicsexceptthat____.AItisalongtheconcentrationgradientBItdoesnotexpendenergyCItisnotasaturableprocessDItdependsonrelativelyhighlipidsolubilityEIonizationofdrugsmaymarkedlyincreasetheirabilitytopermeatemembranes.正確答案：E第13題Intheexistenceofnoncompetitiveantagonist,thedoseeffectcurveoftheagonist____.AdoesnotchangeBwillshifttotheright,buttheEmaxwilldecreaseCparallellyshifttotheleftDparallellyshifttotherightEwillshifttotheleft,buttheEmaxwilldecrease第14題A20-year-oldstudentisgivenaprescriptionforasthma,whichthephysicianstateshavingaveryhightherapeuticindex.Whichofthestatementsbestcharacterizesthedrugasitrelatestothetherapeuticindex?()AThedrug’sserumlevelswilllikelyneedtobecarefullymonitored.BThedrugislikelytocrosstheblood-brainbarrier.CThedrugislikelytohaveextensivedrug-druginteractions.DThedrugislikelytohavehighersafety.EThedrugislikelytoworksoon.第15題Efficacymeans____.Atheconcentrationatwhichthedrugelicits50%ofitsmaximaleffectBthemaximaleffectproducedbythedrugCthedoseatwhich50%ofsubjectsexhibitatherapeuticresponsetoadrugDthedoseatwhich50%ofsubjectsdiesEthedoseatwhich50%ofsubjectsexhibitatoxicreaction第16題Afterwithdrawalofthedrug,thedrugconcentrationisbelowthethreshold,butitspharmacologicaleffectsstillexist.Thephenomenoniscalled____.AidiosyncraticreactionBtoxicreactionCsidereactionDresidualeffectEwithdrawalreaction第1題TheintoxicationofD-tubocurarinecanbeantagonizedby()AatropineBadrenalineCneostigmineDacetycholineEorganophosphate第2題Thereasonthatatropinecanbeusedinfundusexaminationisbasedon()AitsmydriasiseffectBitseffectofparalysisofaccommodationCitseffectonintraocularpressureDitsmiosiseffectEitseffectonretina第3題A4-year-oldchildwassenttotheemergencyforsuspectedpoisoning.Flushandfeverareapparent.Theheartrateis170/min,andthepupilsaremarkedlydilated.Themostprobablecausemightbe()AaninsecticidecontainingorganophosphateBapoisonousmushroomCaplantcontainingpilocarpineDaplantcontainingatropineEnoneoftheabove第4題Themaindifferencebetweenscopolamineandatropineis()AscopolaminehasCNSdepressioneffectBscopolaminehasnoeffectsonglandsCscopolaminehasnodrymoutheffectDalloftheaboveEnoneoftheabove第5題Supposeyoutreatapatientwithatropine,whichofthefollowingsideeffectshewouldhavetoendure?()AdrymouthBtachycardiaCmydriasisDgastricandurinaryretentionEalloftheabove正確答案：E第6題Whichisthebesttherapeuticprojectsinthetreatmentofpatientwithseriousorganophosphateintoxication?()AatropineBatopine+neostigmineCatropine+pyraloximemethoiodideDatropine+norepinephrineEpyraloximemethoiodide第7題Thetherapeuticeffectivenessofneostigmineinmyastheniagravisisdueto()AitsabilitytoprotectthemuscleendplateagainstacetylcholineBitsabilitytoincreasetherateofAChsynthesisCitsabilitytoinhibitacetylcholinesterase(AChE)DitsabilitytoinactivateNMreceptorsEitsactiononcardiovascularsystem第8題Themostusefuldrugforpatientwithmyastheniagravisis()ApilocarpineBatropineCneostigmineDacetylcholineETubocurarine第9題Theeffectofpilocarpineoneyeis()Amiosis,increaseintraocularpressureandspasmofaccomadationBmiosis,decreaseintraocularpressureandspasmofaccomadationCmydiasis,increaseintraocularpressureandspasmofaccomadationDmydiasis,increaseintraocularpressureandparalysisofaccomadationEmiosis,decreaseintraocularpressureandparalysisofaccomadation第10題WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtomuscarinicactionscausedbyM-receptoractivation?()AHeartdepressionBVesseldilationCSmoothmusclecontractionDGlandssecretionincreasedEMydriasis正確答案：E第11題Abouttheclassificationandcharacteristicsofefferentnervoussystem,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?()ABothafferentandefferentnervesbelongtoperipheralnervoussystem.BSympatheticnervebelongstoautonomicnervoussystem.CParasympatheticnervecontainspre-ganglionandpost-ganglionicfibers.DTheeffectofsomaticnervoussystemcanbecompletedbyonefiber.EAlloftheaboveareright.正確答案：E第12題Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectabouttheβ-adrenoceptoreffect?()Abothcardiaccontractionandbronchodilationbelongtoβ1effectBbothcardiaccontractionandbronchodilationbelongtoβ2effectCbothcardiaccontractionandvasodilationbelongtoβ1effectDbothcardiaccontractionandvasodilationbelongtoβ2effectEbothvasodilationandbronchodilationbelongtoβ2effect正確答案：E第13題TheeffectsofNEincentralnervoussystemismainlyterminatedby()Are-uptake1Bre-uptake2ChydrolysisbyAChEDoxidationbyMAOEoxidationbyCOMT第14題Acetylcholineisremovedfromsynapticcleftby()Are-uptake1Bre-uptake2ChydrolysisbyAChEDoxidationbyMAOEoxidationbyCOMT第15題Whenpresynapticα2-receptorisactivated()AthesynthesisofNEisincreasedBthesynthesisofNEdecreasedCthereleaseofNEisincreasedDthereleaseofNEisdecreasedEnoneoftheaboveistrue第16題β-receptorblockerscanNOTbeusedinthetreatmentof()AhypertensionBA-VblockCtachycardiaDanginapectorisEcongestiveheartfailure第17題Theadversereactionsofpropranololdon'tinclude()ABronchialasthmaBInhibitionofcardiacfunctionCReboundphenomenonDHyperglycemiaEDepression第18題AllofthefollowingstatementsaboutpropranololaretrueEXCEPT()Anon-selectivelyblockβ1andβ2receptorBCanbeusedtotreatbronchialasthmaCcaninducereboundphenomenonDCanbeusedtotreathyperthyroidismECaninhibitrenninrelease第19題Fromthefollowingindicationsfortheuseofphentolamine,whichisINCORRECT?()AUsedforthepreventionofhypertensioncausedbysurgicalmanipulationofpheochromacytomaBDiagnosisofpheochromacytomaCPrimaryhypertensionDTreatmentofRaynaud’ssyndromeEMicrocirculationdisturbances第20題Tachycardiaismorecommonobservedinphentolaminethanprazosinbecausetheformer()AhassomeM-agonistactionBhassomeβ1-agonistactionCblockspostsynapticα2-receptorsDblockspresynapticα2-receptorsEstimulatesheartdirectly第21題Theelevatedbloodpressurecausedbyadrenalinemaybereversedby()ApropranololBphentolamineCnorepinephrineDnicotineEatropine第22題Whichofthefollowingisnotthereasonfortheepinephrineinthetreatmentofallergicshockinducedbypenicillins?()ACardiacstimulationBVasoconstrictiontoincreasebloodpressureandremovethemucousedemaandexudatesCCellmembranestabilizationtoreducethereleaseofallergicsubstanceDBronchialdilationEReductionofantibodyproduction正確答案：E第23題Apatientistakingamixed-actingsympathomimeticasanasaldecongestant.Thisagent,whichexhibitstachyphylaxisandCNSexcitation,mostlikelyis()AterbutalineBphenylephrineCdopamineDephedrineEadrenaline第24題EpinephrinecanbeusedtotreatthefollowingdiseaseEXCEPT()AAllergicShockBCardiacarrestCGlaucomaDhypertensionEBronchialasthma第25題Dopamineismainlyusedonthetreatmentof()AParkinsondiseaseBAlzheimer’sdiseaseCshockDbradycardiaEanginapectoris第26題Theincorrectstatementaboutepinephrineisthat()AincreasingintraocularpressureBincreasingmetabolismCTachycardiaDrelaxingbronchialsmoothmuscleEactivatingbothareceptorandβreceptor第27題Epinephrineisusedinlocalanestheticsolutioninorderto()AoffsetarrhythmiceffectontheheartBincreasethepotencyofthelocalanestheticCoffsetnegativeinotropicactionsontheheartDreducetherateofabsorptionofthelocalanestheticandprolongitsdurationEdecreasethepotencyofthelocalanesthetic第28題Thedilationofbronchialsmoothmusclecanbecausedby()AisoprenalineBpropranololCpilocarpineDasprinEmorphineUnittest3第1題A70-year-oldmansuffersamyocardialinfarction.Heisadmittedtothecardiacintensivecareunitandisgivenaspirinandablocker.Acatheterizationprocedureisscheduled.Thepatient’swife,whoisapharmacytechnician,wantstoknowwhythepatientisbeinggivenaspirinandnotanothernonsteroidalanti-inflammatorydrug.Whatisthebestanswertothisquestion?()AAspirininhibitsbothCOX-1andCOX-2BAspirinhasmuchgreaterantithromboticactivityCAspirinirreversiblybindstoitsbindingsiteontheenzymeDAspirinisaweakacidEAspirinisexcretedbythekidneys第2題WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmorphineisINCORRECT?()AItisusedtherapeuticallytorelievepaincausedbysevereheadinjuryBItswithdrawalsymptomscanbealleviatedbymethadoneCItcanbeusedinnon-infectiousdiarrheaDItcausesvomitingEItrapidlyentersmanytissuesincludingplacentalbarrier第3題ThemechanismsofMorphinefortreatingCardiacasthmainclude:()AElevatingbloodpressureBDecreasingleukotrienesreleaseCDecreasingthesensitivityofrespiratorycentertoCO2inordertorelieveshortnessofbreathDBronchialsmoothmuscledilationEPeripheralarterialandvenousdilationinordertoalleviatepulmonaryedema正確答案：CE第4題AspirincaninduceallofthefollowingeffectEXCEPT:()AReducingfeverBReducingprostaglandinsynthesisininflammatorytissueCInducingasthmawhentakenintoxicdosageDInducingtendencytobleedingEReducingthesynthesisofleukotrienes正確答案：E第5題WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadversereactionofAspirin?()AGastrointestinalsideeffectsBConstipationCAggravatebleedingtendencyDHypersensitivityreactionsEReyessyndrome第6題WhichofthefollowingsaboutantipyreticeffectofNSAIDSisCORRECT?()AInhibitingCOXinCNSanddecreasingthesynthesisofPGsBCanbeusedinartificialhibernationCDecreasingnormaltemperatureDNon-effectiveinrheumaticfeverEMakingbodytemperaturealteringwiththeenvironmentaltemperature第7題WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutaspirinisFALSE?()AIt’sanalgesiaisduetotheinhibitionofPGsynthesisBIt’smainadverseeffectisgastrointestinalreactionCItcaninhibitlipoxidaseDItinhibitsthesynthesisofbothPGI2andTXA2inlargedoseEItismainlyusedtorelieveheadacheandotherdullpain第8題Whichofthefollowingisanabsolutecontraindicationforopioiduse?()AMyocardialinfarctionBRenalcolicCAcutepulmonaryedemaDClosedheadinjuriesETerminalcancerpain第9題A25-year-oldmaleisseenintheemergencydepartment.Heisdisorientedbutstatesthathehashadnausea,vomiting,abdominalpainanddiarrheasincehetook“toomanypainpills”.Beforehecantellyoumore,helosesconsciousness.Liverfunctiontestsarenormal.Inadditiontogastriclavage,whatistheappropriatetreatment?()AFlumazenilBNaloxoneCAdrenalineDDomperidoneEDiphenhyddramine第10題ThefollowingcharacteristicsofMorphinearetrueexcept:()ACausingconstipationBInhibitionofrespirationCDecreasingintracranialpressureDCausingsedationandeuphoriaEConstrictingbronchialsmoothmuscleatlargedose第11題Theapplicationofchlorpromazineincludes().AArtificialhibernationBschizophreniaCmedication-inducedvomitingDvomitingcausedbymotionsicknessEmania正確答案：ABCE第12題Whicharethesideeffectsofchlorpromazine?()AakathisiaBparkinson’ssyndromeCposturalhypotensionDtardivedyskinesiaEacutedystonia正確答案：ABCDE第13題WhichofthefollowingadversereactionaboutLevodopaareture?()AhyperkinesiaBOn-offphenomenaCMentaldisordersDAkathisiaENausea,vomiting,anddecreasedgastricemptying正確答案：ABCE第14題WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutLevodopaaretrue?()AItworksslowlyBIthasagoodeffectonmildpatientsCPoorefficacyfortheelderlyDGoodeffectonmuscletremorEWiththeprolongationofmedication,theeffectisgraduallyenhanced正確答案：ABC第15題Adversereactionsofphenytoinsodiuminclude()AgastrointestinaleffectsBataxiaCnystagmusDgingivahyperplasiaEhypocalcemia正確答案：ABCDE第16題Theeffectofthetherapeuticdoseofdiazepamonsleepincluding()AProlongstage4ofnon-REMsleepBSignificantlyshortentheREMsleepCmainlyprolongthestage2ofnon-REMsleepDShortenstage3ofnon-REMsleepEDoesnotaffectREMsleep正確答案：CD第17題Theadvantagesofbenzodiezepinescomparedwithbabituratesare()AthereboundinsomniaupondiscontinuanceofdrugsislighterBdonotinducehepaticenzymeCdependenceislightDhighertreatmentindexEsideeffectsareligher正確答案：ABCDE第18題Thedrugthathaspotentantipsychoticeffect,butnoextrapyramidalreactionsis()AchlorpromazineBperphenazineCtardanDhaloperidolEclozapine正確答案：E第19題WhatisthemechanismoflevodopaintreatingParkinson'sdisease?()APeripheraldecarboxylationtodopamineBPromotingthereleaseofdopaminergicneurotransmittersinthebrainCDecarboxylationtodopamineafterentryintothebrainDDirectstimulationofdopaminereceptorsinthebrainEInhibitingdopaminereuptakeinthebrain第20題Male,45-year-old,sufferedfromseriousschizophrenia,havebeentreatedwithchlorpromazinefortwoyears.Duringthistwoyears,thedosageofchlorpromazineincreasesgraduallyto600mg/d.However,recentlythepatientsshowedmuscletremorbradykinesia,salivate.Whatdrugsshouldbeused?()AArtaneBLevodopaCAmantadineDDiazepamEBromocriptine第21題ThebioavailabilityofL-dopaisverylow,thisisdueto()AdifficultytopassthroughthebrainbarrierBrapidacetylationinliverCperipheralhydroxylationDalowabsorptionrateErapidperipheraldecarboxylation第22題Themainreasonforthecombinationuseoflevodopawithcarbidopais()AtoincreasetheabsorptionofL-dopaBtoinhibitlevodopadecarboxylationintheperipheryCtoinhibitMAODtoinhibitCOMTEtoincreaseL-dopaconvertingtodopaminedirectly第23題Long-termuseofphenytoinsodiumshouldsupplement()AVitB12BIronCFolicacidDDihydrofolicacidEFormyltetrahydrofolicacid正確答案：E第24題Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutphenytoinisnottrue()AhasasedativeeffectBcanbeusedforpatientswithepilepsyCcanbeusedtotreatpatientswitharrhythmiaDcanbeusedtomanagepatientswithtrigeminalneuralgiaEcancausegingivalhyperplasia第25題Whichofthefollowingisincorrect()AdiazepamissaferthanPhenobarbitalBbothdiazepamandphenpbarbitalcaninduceP450microsomalenzymesCdiazepamcanproducemusclerelaxationDbothdiazepamandphenpbarbitalareusedinthetreatmentofconvulsionEbothdiazepamandphenpbarbitalmayincreasetheeffectofGABAinCNS第26題WhichofthefollowingcharacteristicsofbenzodiazepinesisFALSE()AIncreasetheopeningfrequencyofchloridechannelsBHasanalgesiceffectCDose-dependentinhibitiononCNSDWithdrawalsymptomscanbecausedbysuddenwithdrawalafterlong-termusingEIthascentralmusclerelaxation第27題Thecharacteristicsofbenzodiazepinesis()AIthasagreateffectonREMsleepBNoanticonvulsanteffectCNoanti-anxietyeffectsDNoreboundafterwithdrawalEShortenthesleepinductiontime正確答案：E第28題Theactionmechanismofdiazepamis()AdirectlymediatestheinfluxofsodiumionsfromthecellsofthecentralnervoussystemBinhibitcalciumiondependentactionpotentialsCinhibitthereleaseofcalciumiondependenttransmittersDbindstotheBZsiteoftheGABAAreceptorcomplexEinhibitsGABAnergicfunction第29題A26-year-oldfemalewasadmittedtohospitalduetoacomacausedbytakinglargeamountsofdiazepam,andwasdiagnosedasacutediazepampoisoning.Atthistime,inadditiontogastriclavageandothersupportivetherapies,thespecificantidotetobegivenis()AatropineBflumazineCpralidoximeiodideDnaloxoneEcarbamazepine第30題Allofthefollowingaretrueabouttheactionofdiazepamexcept()AhasantianxietyactionBantidepressanteffectsChavecentralmusclerelaxationactionDhaveantiepilepticandanticonvulsantactionEhavesedativeactionandhypnoticactionUnittest4第1題Thetreatmentofhyperlipidemicpatientswithnicotinicacid(niacin)resultsinAincreasesinVLDLBdecreasesinbothplasmacholesterolandTGCinhibitionofHMG-CoAreductaseD

decreasesinHDLEnochangeintotalcholesterolintheplasma第2題Whichofthefollowingisthepharmacologicaleffectofstatins?()AmainlydecreaseLDLandTC,slightlydecreaseTGandincreaseHDLBupregulateLDLreceptorsinliverCinhibitcholesterolabsorptioninthesmallintestineDreducemaincardiovasculareventEinhibitinflammatoryresponse第3題Whichofthefollowingantiatheroscleroticdrugshasantioxidanteffect?()AacipimoxBgemfibrozilClovastatinDcholestyramineEprobucol正確答案：E第4題Whichofthefollowingisthemostserioussideeffectofstatinsandthiseffectwouldbeincreasedifastatinistakenwithgemfibrozil,ciclosporinornicotinicacid.()AGastrointestinalproblemsBRhabdomyolysisCElevatedbloodpressureDMigraineheadachesEpalpitations第5題WhichoneofthefollowingdrugsdecreasescholesterolandLDLbloodlevelbyinhibitingthesynthesisofcholesterolinliver?()ANiacinBGemfibrozilCLovastatinDCholestyramineEEzetimibe第6題Inapatientsufferingfromanginaofeffort,nitroglycerinmaybegivensublinguallybecausethismodeofadministration()AbypassesthecoronarycirculationBcauseslessreflextachycardiathanoraladministrationCimprovespatientcomplianceDhasadecreasedtendencytocausemethemoglobinemiaEavoidsfirst-passhepaticmetabolism正確答案：E第7題Whichofthefollowingdrugsisnotsuitabletotreatthepatientwithanginapectorisaccompaniedwithasthma?()ANifedipineBPropranololCNitroglycerinDVerapamilEIsosorbidedinitrate第8題A70-year-oldwomanistreatedwithsublingualnitroglycerinforoccasionalboutsofeffort-inducedangina.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribedthemainmechanismbywhichnitroglycerincausesitsdesiredantianginaleffects?()ABlocksα-adrenergicreceptorsBReleasesNitricoxideCBlocksβ-adrenergicreceptorsDBlocksCa2+channelsESelectivelydilatescoronaryartery第9題Apatientwithchronic-stableanginabeginstakingmetoprolol,andoncebloodlevelsreachthetherapeuticrangethefrequencyandseverityofanginalattacksandtheneedforsublingualnitroglycerinwerereduced.Whichofthefollowingstatesthedirectpharmacologicactionbywhichtheβ-blockerproducedthedesiredeffects?()ADecreasedmyocardialoxygendemandBDilatedthecoronaryvasculatureCDirectlyinhibitedangiotensinIIsynthesisDReducedtotalperipheralresistanceESlowAVnodalconductionvelocity第10題Apatientisdiagnosedwithvariant(vasospasticorPrinzmetal)angina.Whichofthefollowingdrugswouldbemostappropriate,andgenerallyregardedasmosteffective,forlongtermtherapyaimedatreducingtheincidenceorseverityofthecoronaryvasospasm?()AAspirinBAtorvastatinCNifedipineDNitroglycerinEPropranolol第11題A62-year-oldpatientwithahistoryofhypertensionandcongestiveheartfailureadministratingsomedrugs,nowhecomplainsofnausea,blurredvisionandbradycardia,intoxicationofglycosideissuspected,thendigoxinisstopped,whichofthefollowingdrugsalsomustbestopped?()AnifedipineBdiazoxideChydrochlorothiazideDprazosinEclonidine第12題A65-year-oldmanwithheartfailureisunabletoclimbaflightofstairswithoutexperiencingdyspnea.Afterseveralyearsoftherapywithcarvedilol,captoprilandfurosemide,thetherapeuticplanprobablyneedstochangenow.Youempiricallyadddigoxintoimprovementinhissymptoms.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemaincellularactionofdigoxinthataccountsforitsabilitytoimprovehiscardiovascularfunctionandoverallhemodynamicstatus?()AActivatesβ1-adrenergicreceptors.BFacilitatesGTPbindingtospecificGproteinsCIncreasesmitochondrialcalcium(Ca2+)releaseDInhibitsNa+-K+-ATPaseEStimulatescyclinadenosine5’-monophosphate(cAMP)synthesis第13題Thereasonthatdigoxincanreducetheventricularrateofatrialfibrillationpatientis()AdecreasingautomaticityofatriaBdecreasingautomaticityofventriclesCinhibitingtheconductionofA-VnodeDinhibitssodium-potassiumATPaseEshorteningtheeffectiverefractoryperiodofatria第14題Whichofthefollowingisnottheadversereactionofcardiacglycosides()Aanorexia,nausea,vomiting,diarrheaBblurredvisionCtachycardiaDbradycardiaEhyperkalemia正確答案：E第15題Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutβ-Rblockersinthetreatmentofchronicheartfailureiswrong?()Aβ-Rblockersarenowconsideredfirst-linetherapyforpatientswithclassIItoclassIIIheartfailure,especiallyfordilatedcardiomyopathy.BAllβ-RblockershavebeenprovedusefultotreatCHF.CTheiranti-arrhythmiaandanti-myocardialischemiaeffectsalsobenefitCHFpatients.DTheadverseeffectsofβ-blockersinpatientswithheartfailuresuchasworseningofsymptoms,mayexistatbeginning,butmostpatients(90%)cantolerate.Eβ-RblockersshouldbecombinedwithACEI,diureticsordigoxintopalliatesymptoms.第16題A54-year-oldwomanisdiagnosedwithcongestiveheartfailure().Youprescribecaptopril,amedicationproventoreducehermortality.ThisagentdeliversseveralbenefitstopatientswithCHF.Whichofthefollowingeffectsiscausedbythisdrug?()AIthasahighaffinityforangiotensinIIreceptorsBItpromotesincreasedperipheralvascularresistanceCItdecreasescardiacoutputandincreasesafterloadDItcausesvasodilationandinducesnatriuresisEItdecreasesbradykininlevelintheblood正確答案：CD第17題Whichofthefollowingdrugscouldreversemyocardialandvascularremodeling?()AHydrochlorothiazideBCaptoprilCPrazosinDdigoxinEnitroglycerin第18題Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetreatmentofheartfailureiswrong?()APatientswithevidenceoffluidretentionshouldreceiveadiuretic.BTreatmentwithanACEinhibitorandaβ-Rblockershouldbeinitiatedandmaintainedunlessspecificallycontraindicated.CDigoxinmaybeaddedifneededtoreducesymptomsortoslowtheventricularresponseinpatientswithrapidatrialfibrillation.DMilrinonecouldnotonlyimprovethesymptomsofpatientswithheartfailure,butalsoreducethemortality.ESpironolactonemayreducemortalityinpatientswithsevereheartfailure第19題Whichofthefollowingdrugsis()usefulintreatmentofVentriculartachycardia?()AAtropineBDigitoxinCnifedipineDLidocaineEAmiodarone正確答案：DE第20題Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesapharmacologicpropertyofamiodarone?()Aα-AdrenergicagonistBβ-AdrenergicagonistCActivationofCa2+channelsDInhibitionofK+channelsEIncreaseofNa+influx第21題WhichofthefollowingisnotincludedinadversereactionsofAmiodarone?()APulmonaryfibrosisBAbnormalliverfunctionCMyopathyDCorneadepositsEHyperthyroidism第22題Apatientisadmittedintotheemergencyroomandmanifestsventriculartachycardiafollowinganacutemyocardialinfarction().Thisarrhythmiaislifethreateningandmustbecontrolledimmediately.Whichofthefollowingdrugswouldbebesttoquicklycontrolthecondition?()ADobutamineBDigitalisCQuinidineDLidocaineEAtropine正確答案：AD第23題Hydrochlorothiazidecantreatallofthefollowingdiseasesexcept?()AnephrogenicdiabetesinsipidusBhypercalciuriaChypertensionDheartfailureEhypercalcemia正確答案：E第24題A55-year-oldmanwithkidneystoneshasbeenplacedonadiuretictodecreasecalciumexcretion.However,afterafewweeks,hedevelopsanattackofgout.Whichofthefollowingdiureticwashetaking?()AFurosemideBHydrochlorothiazideCSpironolactoneDTriamtereneEMannitol第25題Whichofthefollowingisnottheindicationofcalciumchannelblockers?()AanginaBhypertensionCbronchialasthmaDbradycardiaEmigraineheadache第26題Whichofthefollowingisanadvantageoflosart