1、閱讀理解解題技巧,制作人：鐘巧芳主講人：蘇甄倩,1,分析情況,近四年廣東中考英語閱讀理解部分包括：閱讀理解（A、B篇）和配對閱讀（C篇）兩部分。閱讀理解考查的是學生掌握閱讀材料的主旨大意的能力，以及對材料細節(jié)的理解和快速獲取關鍵信息的能力。近四年省卷閱讀理解題所涉及的內(nèi)容豐富、題材廣泛、主要包括廣告、日常生活及科普知識等。選材多貼近學生的日常生活，富有時代感、交際性和教育意義。A篇短文一般是應用文，包括廣告宣傳、通知、標識辨認、書籍目錄、學校新聞及圖書館通知等。這類文章具有較強的交際性和實用性，旨在考察考生在日常生活中運用、理解及處理信息的能力。短文內(nèi)容淺顯易懂，有效信息簡潔明了，考生只要鎖定

2、關鍵詞，仔細尋找原文有效信息，基本上能直接從原文中找到答案。B篇短文與A篇相比，文章問題有明顯的變化，一般屬于敘事類或說明類文章。雖然文章問題發(fā)生變化，但文章的難度并沒有增加很多?？忌灰J真閱讀，配以一定的閱讀技巧，對全文有宏觀的理解把握，就可以從題目中提煉出關鍵詞，并在原文中精確定位，集中精讀，即可得出正確答案。C篇是廣告信息匹配題，其閱讀理解中篇幅最長，考察難度稍大的部分。而且選項中會出現(xiàn)一項干擾項，因此考生需要通讀題目及選項，在整體上把握每道題的中心，再進行廣告信息的匹配。,2,近四年省卷閱讀理解的統(tǒng)計與分析,3,近四年省卷閱讀理解的統(tǒng)計與分析,C篇：技巧：劃出左欄的關鍵字，一一與右欄

3、的內(nèi)容配對，找出最符合的答案。,4,主旨大意型,事實細節(jié)型,詞義猜測型,命題類,推理判斷型,5,一、主旨大意題（除法干擾項）,干擾項1可能屬文中某個具體事實或細節(jié)。,干擾項2可能屬從文中某些(不完全的)事實或細節(jié)片面推出的錯誤結論。,干擾項3可能屬非文章事實的主觀臆斷。,這類題型的正確答案，一般來說不會在文中直接找到，需要根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實或以偏概全。但在選項中也不免出現(xiàn)一些干擾項，例如：,6,1)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2)Whichofthefollowingcansummar-izethemainideaoft

4、histext?3)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?4)Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?6)Whatsthebesttitleofthepassage?,主旨大意題的常見的提問形式:,7,例題：Fifty-threeyearsagoBarbieMillicentRobertsfirstappearedintheworldoftoys.Sincethen,Barbiedoll,aseveryonecalledher,hasbecomethemostsuccessfultoydollinhistory.

5、Herparent,theMattelCompany,saidthat90%ofallAmericangirlsbetween3and10haveatleastoneBarbieathome.However,Barbieisfacingsometroubleatpresent(現(xiàn)在).Therearemanysimilardollsonthemarketincompetitionwithher.AnotherdollnamedBratz,forexample,cometolifethirteenyearsago.Shelookedmoreliketodayspopstarswithheavym

6、akeup(濃妝)andminiskirts.Andhercompanyoffersmorekindofclothestoo.ItseemsthatBarbiehaslosthermagicamongoldergirls.“Foryoungergirls,playingwithaBarbieismuchfun.Butwhenyougetolder,youwantsomethingsmarterandmoremodern,”saysVeraShepherd,ashopassitantinaNewYorktoystore.,8,Itisgoodnewsthatontheinternationalm

7、arket.BarbieisstillNo.1.althoughMttelissellingferwerBarbiesintheUnitedStatesthreeyears,salesinothercountriesarestillgoingup.inJanuary2009,MattelopeneditsfirstBarbiestoreinShanghai,wheregirlscanshop,eat,drinkorevenbecomefashiondesignersfortheirownBarbies.MattelisplanningbigcelebrationforBarbies53rdbi

8、rthday.FashiondesignersfromallovertheworldhavebeencalledtomakenewdressesforBarbie.HowlongwillBarbiestaypopuplarintheworldoftoydolls?Itishardtosay,but53issurelynottheagetoretire(退休)。,9,1、Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.FirstBarbieShopinShanghaiB.BarbiesPastandpresentC.Barbies53rdBirthdayPartyD.Barbi

9、eLostHerMagic技巧：1、先了解文章的主要意思，大概是說了什么事情。2、根據(jù)每段的段落大意（開頭前面幾句），總結歸納文章的主旨3、利用排除法，排除掉干擾項,10,例題：Fifty-threeyearsagoBarbieMillicentRobertsfirstappearedintheworldoftoys.Sincethen,Barbiedoll,aseveryonecalledher,hasbecomethemostsuccessfultoydollinhistory.Herparent,theMattelCompany,saidthat90%ofallAmericangirls

10、between3and10haveatleastoneBarbieathome.However,Barbieisfacingsometroubleatpresent(現(xiàn)在).Therearemanysimilardollsonthemarketincompetiotionwithher.AnotherdollnamedBratz,forexample,cometolifethirteenyearsago.Shelookedmoreliketodayspopstarswithheavymakeup(濃妝)andminiskirts.Andhercompanyoffersmorekindofclo

11、thestoo.ItseemsthatBarbiehaslosthermagicamongoldergirls.“Foryoungergirls,playingwithaBarbieismuchfun.Butwhenyougetolder,youwantsomethingsmarterandmoremodern,”saysVeraShepherd,ashopassitantinaNewYorktoystore.,干擾項3,11,Itisgoodnewsthatontheinternationalmarket.BarbieisstillNo.1.althoughMttelissellingfer

12、werBarbiesintheUnitedStatesthreeyears,salesinothercountriesarestillgoingup.inJanuary2009,MattelopeneditsfirstBarbiestoreinShanghai,wheregirlscanshop,eat,drinkorevenbecomefashiondesignersfortheirownBarbies.MattelisplanningbigcelebrationforBarbies53rdbirthday.Fashiondesignersfromallovertheworldhavebee

13、ncalledtomakenewdressesforBarbie.HowlongwillBarbiestaypopuplarintheworldoftoydolls?Itishardtosay,but53issurelynottheagetoretire(退休)。,干擾項1,干擾項2,12,文章中心是論點，事實細節(jié)是論據(jù)或主要理由；有關細節(jié)的問題常對文中某個詞語、某句子、某段落等細節(jié)及事實進行提問，所提問題一般可直接或間接在文章中找到答案。,提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what,who,which,where,how,why等。,事實細節(jié)型,解題原則：忠實于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關系，決不能主觀臆斷

14、。,13,1）Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?2）Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?3）Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat_.4）Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)_?,在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實和特定細節(jié)問題常有以下幾種命題方式：,14,例題,2.Barbiesfamilynameis_.A.RobertsB.millicentC.ShepherdD.Bratz3.Barbiest

15、roubleisthat_.A.itwearsheavymakeupandminiskirts.B.otherdollsaremorepopularwithlittlegirls.C.otherdollsaretryingtobeatherinthemarket.D.ithasbecomelesspopularintheinternationalmarket.,15,例題：Fifty-threeyearsagoBarbieMillicentRobertsfirstappearedintheworldoftoys.Sincethen,Barbiedoll,aseveryonecalledher,

16、hasbecomethemostsuccessfultoydollinhistory.Herparent,theMattelCompany,saidthat90%ofallAmericangirlsbetween3and10haveatleastoneBarbieathome.However,Barbieisfacingsometroubleatpresent(現(xiàn)在).Therearemanysimilardollsonthemarketincompetitionwithher.AnotherdollnamedBratz,forexample,cometolifethirteenyearsag

17、o.Shelookedmoreliketodayspopstarswithheavymakeup(濃妝)andminiskirts.Andhercompanyoffersmorekindofclothestoo.ItseemsthatBarbiehaslosthermagicamongoldergirls.“Foryoungergirls,playingwithaBarbieismuchfun.Butwhenyougetolder,youwantsomethingsmarterandmoremodern,”saysVeraShepherd,ashopassitantinaNewYorktoys

18、tore.,16,Itisgoodnewsthatontheinternationalmarket.BarbieisstillNo.1.althoughMttelissellingferwerBarbiesintheUnitedStatesthreeyears,salesinothercountriesarestillgoingup.inJanuary2009,MattelopeneditsfirstBarbiestoreinShanghai,wheregirlscanshop,eat,drinkorevenbecomefashiondesignersfortheirownBarbies.Ma

19、ttelisplanningbigcelebrationforBarbies53rdbirthday.FashiondesignersfromallovertheworldhavebeencalledtomakenewdressesforBarbie.HowlongwillBarbiestaypopuplarintheworldoftoydolls?Itishardtosay,but53issurelynottheagetoretire(退休)。,17,同義法常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or，它們連接的兩項內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進的，由此可以推測。,反義法如hotandcold,giv

20、eandreceive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定?？傊?，詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。,釋義法對文章中的生詞用定語（從句）、表語甚至于用逗號、破折號等標點符號引出并加以解釋說明。,詞義猜測型,情景推斷法、代詞替代法等,18,判斷詞義,1）文中找線索或信息詞;2)根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新單詞之意；3）根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞匯在特定句中確切意思。,做題要領,19,例題,4、Whatsthemeaningoftheunderlinewords“fashiondesigners”inthepassage?A.珠寶設計師B.發(fā)型設計師C.舞臺設計師D.服裝設計師,20,例題：Fifty-threeyear

21、sagoBarbieMillicentRobertsfirstappearedintheworldoftoys.Sincethen,Barbiedoll,aseveryonecalledher,hasbecomethemostsuccessfultoydollinhistory.Herparent,theMattelCompany,saidthat90%ofallAmericangirlsbetween3and10haveatleastoneBarbieathome.However,Barbieisfacingsometroubleatpresent(現(xiàn)在).Therearemanysimil

22、ardollsonthemarketincompetiotionwithher.AnotherdollnamedBratz,forexample,cometolifethirteenyearsago.Shelookedmoreliketodayspopstarswithheavymakeup(濃妝)andminiskirts.Andhercompanyoffersmorekindofclothestoo.ItseemsthatBarbiehaslosthermagicamongoldergirls.“Foryoungergirls,playingwithaBarbieismuchfun.But

23、whenyougetolder,youwantsomethingsmarterandmoremodern,”saysVeraShepherd,ashopassitantinaNewYorktoystore.,21,Itisgoodnewsthatontheinternationalmarket.BarbieisstillNo.1.althoughMttelissellingferwerBarbiesintheUnitedStatesthreeyears,salesinothercountriesarestillgoingupinJanuary2009,MattelopeneditsfirstB

24、arbiestoreinShanghai,wheregirlscanshop,eat,drinkorevenbecomefashiondesignersfortheirownBarbies.MattelisplanningbigcelebrationforBarbies53rdbirthday.FashiondesignersfromallovertheworldhavebeencalledtomakenewdressesforBarbie.HowlongwillBarbiestaypopuplarintheworldoftoydolls?Itishardtosay,but53issurely

25、nottheagetoretire(退休)。,關鍵線索：makenewdresses,22,推理判斷題：高考重頭戲，20個題中常有6-8個，著重考查學生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。,以原文內(nèi)容為前提，據(jù)作者的觀點理論（非考生觀點），客觀地對文中未明顯說明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。,推理判斷型,透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領悟作者思想傾向、觀點、立場、語氣及態(tài)度等。,23,推理判斷題,既要求學生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，又要求學生對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點。,24,推理判斷型常見的命題方式有：Thep

26、assageimplies(暗示)that_.Wecanconclude(得出結論)fromthepassagethat_.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推論)?Whatisthetone(語氣)oftheauthor?Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassage?Thepassageisintendedto_.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?,25,例題AlmosteveryChinesepersoncanrecitethetwolinesofthefamouspoem,“Everygr

27、ainontheplatecomesfromhardwork(誰知盤中餐，粒粒皆辛苦).”Butsadly,manyofusdontactuallygettherealmeaningoftheselines:Dontwastefood.ACCTVprogram,NewsOnePlusOne,reportedthatthefoodChinesepeoplethrowawayeveryyearisenoughtofeed200millionpeopleforayear.Dowehavetoomuchfood?Ofcoursenot.AccordingtotheUNWorldFoodProgram,

28、therewere925millionhungrypeoplearoundtheworldin2010,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Sixmillionchildrendieofhungereveryyear.Chinesepeoplearewellknownforbeinghospitable(好客的)andgenerous.Manyevenfeelthattheylosefaceiftheirguestshaveeatenallthefoodonthetable.,練習題,解釋,P5,26,Luckily,anumberofpeoplehavereali

29、zedtheimportanceofsavingfood.LastNovember,LiHong,awaitressinarestaurantinNanjing,gotfiredbecauseshetooksomeleftoverfoodhomeforherson.Manypeoplestoodbyhersideandcriticized(批評)thewasteoffood.Whatshouldwedoinourdailylivestowastelessfood?Herearesometips:1.Donotordertoomuchinarestaurant.Onlyorderasmuchas

30、youwanttoeat.Ifyoucannoteatallthefoodyouordered,taketherestofithome.2.Dontbetoopicky(挑剔的)aboutfood.Somefoodmaynottastegreat,butyourbodyneedsit.3.Keepaneyeonwhatfoodyouhaveathome.Dontbuytoomuch,especiallyforvegetablesandfruit.,27,4.Accordingtothepassage,weshouldntwastefoodbecause_.A.foodcomesfromvery

31、hardworkB.sixmillionchildrendieofhungereverydayC.thereisenoughfoodtofeedallthepeopleD.Chinesearehospitableandgenerous,答案：A判斷依據(jù)：AlmosteveryChinesepersoncanrecitethetwolinesofthefamouspoem,“Everygrainontheplatecomesfromhardwork(誰知盤中餐，粒粒皆辛苦).”Butsadly,manyofusdontactuallygettherealmeaningoftheselines:D

32、ontwastefood.,28,練習1（2014中考題）,Tous,itseemssonaturaltoputupanumbrellatokeepthewateroffwhenitrains.Butinfacttheumbrellawasnotinventedasprotectionagainsttherain.Itsfirstusewasasashade(遮蔽)againstthesun.Nobodyknowswhofirstinventedit,buttheumbrellawasusedinveryancienttimes.ProbablythefirsttouseitweretheCh

33、inese,backintheeleventhcenturyBC.WeknowthattheumbrellawasusedinancientEgyptandBabylonasasunshade.Andtherewasastrangethingconnectedwithitsuse:itbecameasymbolofhonorandpower(權力).IntheFarEastinancienttimes,theumbrellawasallowedtobeusedonlybythoseinhighofficeorbyroyalpeoplesuchasthekingsorqueens.,事實細節(jié),事

34、實細節(jié),詞義猜測,關鍵線索：suchasthekingorqueens,29,InEurope,theGreekswerethefirsttousetheumbrellaasasunshade.TheumbrellawasincommonuseinancientGreece,butitisbelievedthatthefirstpeopleinEuropetousetheumbrellaasprotectionagainsttherainweretheancientRomans.DuringthemiddleagesinEurope,theuseoftheumbrellaalmostdisap

35、peared.ThenitappearedagaininItalyinthelatesixteenthcentury.Andagainitbecameasymbolofpower.Umbrellashavenotchangedmuchinstyleduringallthistime,thoughtheyhavebecomemuchlighterinweight.Itwasntuntilthetwentiethcenturythattheumbrellasforwomenbegantobemadeinallkindsofcolors.,判斷推理,30,1.Ancientpeoplefirstus

36、edumbrellasas_.A.asymbolofhonorB.protectionagainstthesunC.asymbolofpowerD.protectionagainsttherain2.Accordingtothepassage,theumbrellawasprobablyfirstusedinancient_.A.Egypt.B.BabylonC.RomeD.China,31,3.Theunderlinedwordroyalmightmean_inChinese.A.皇室的B.富裕的C.中產(chǎn)的D.平民的4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefoll

37、owingisNOTtrue?A.TheancientGreeksusedtheumbrellaintheirdailylife.B.Europeanshardlyusedtheumbrelladuringthemiddleages.C.Theumbrellasforwomenweremadecolorfulinancienttimes.D.Thestyleoftheumbrellahasntchangedalotsinceitwasinvented5.Thispassageismainlyabout_.A.thesalesoftheumbrellaB.thedifferencesamongu

38、mbrellasC.theinventionoftheumbrellaD.thehistoryandtheuseoftheumbrella,32,練習二,DreamcultureisanimportantpartofancientChineseculture.Dreaminterpreting（理解）ispopularinChina,andthemostfamousreferencefordreaminterpretingisthebookofDukeofZhouInterpretsDreams.AncientChinesepeoplethoughtthatdreamscouldsuggest

39、luckyandunluckythings.Sincedifferentdreamshavedifferentmeanings,peoplecangetmeaningsofgoodorbadluckbyinterpretingthem.Actually,dreaminterpretingisnottotallyasuperstition.Itdoeshavesomescientificvalue.Dreamsarethereflectionofthefacts.Manydreamsareactuallysomethingaboutwhathappenedinthedaytime.Thiskin

40、dofdreamcanbeeasilyunderstoodwithoutdreaminterpreting.,33,Dreamsarethebodysself-implication(自我暗示).TraditionalChinesemedicalsciencesaysthatdreamsareconnectedwiththehealthconditionofhumansbodies.WhenYinandYangareimbalanced,dreamscomeintobeing.Ifsomeonedreamtthatheorshewasroastedbyabigfire,itshowsheors

41、hemighteasilygetangryornervous.Dreamsareusuallydifferentfromthefacts.Itmeansthatthingswilldevelopintheoppositedirectionwhentheybecomeworse.Tosomedegree,DukeofZhouInterpretsdreamsisscientificallyreasonable.Overthousandsofyearshaspassed,thebookstillhasmanysecretswaitingforustoexplore.,34,1.Accordingto

42、thepassage,WeknowthebookofDukeofZhouInterpretsDreamsis_.A.themostfamousreferencefordreaminterpretingB.aninterestingstorybookC.anactionmovieD.abeautifulplace2.Whatdidtheancientchinesepeoplethinkofthedreams?A.TheyareluckyB.TheyareunluckyC.TheyareunluckyorunluckyD.Theyaresuperstitions3.Theunderlinedwor

43、d“reasonable”means“_”inChinese.A.合理的B.負責人的C.正確的D.認真的,35,4.Accordingtothepassage,Overthousandsofyearshaspassed,thebook-DukeofZhouInterpretsdreamsstillhas_waitingforustoexplore.A.moneyB.secretsC.timeD.position5.Whichofthefollowingisrightaccordingtothepassage?A.TherearenosecretsinthebookDukeofZhouInter

44、pretsDreams.B.Ifsomeonedreamtthathewasroastedbyabigfire,itshowsheorshemightgethappy.C.DreamcultureisanimportantpartofmodernChineseculture.D.DukeofZhouInterpretsDreamsisabookaboutdreaminterpreting.,36,練習三：,AbouttenyearsagowhenIwasastudentatcollege,Ispentmysummerholidaysworkingatamuseuminmysparetime.Lifewashardformethen.DadhadlosthisjobandMumwassickinbed.IwaswonderingifIwouldbeabletogoonwithmystudythenextterm.OnedaywhileIwasworkinginthegiftshop,Isawanelderlycouplecomeinwitha