1、完成時態(tài)1. 用法：過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果：強調(diào)結(jié)果 E.g： Yesterday I finished my homework, thats to say, I have finished my homework now. 過去已經(jīng)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)：強調(diào)繼續(xù) E.g.:： I have lived here since 1990.2. 現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成 havehas+過去分詞3. 現(xiàn)在完成時的四個基本句型肯定句 He has finished the work. 一般疑問句 Has he finished the work?否定句 He has not fini

2、shed the work. 兩回答 Yes ,he has. No, he hasnt. 特殊疑問句 What has he done? 4. 在下列情形下用現(xiàn)在完成時(1)九詞語already已經(jīng) 肯定句中或句尾 e.g.: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.yet已經(jīng) 否定句和疑問句句尾 e.g.：I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet?ever曾經(jīng) 句中 e.g.： Have you ever seen panda

3、s?never從不 句中 e.g.：I have never been to Beijing.just剛剛 句中 e.g.：I have just done my work.before以前 句尾 e.g.：I have never been there before.so far到目前為止 e.g.：So far he has learnt 200 words.how long多久 e.g.：How long have you lived here?how many times多少次 e.g.：How many times has he been to Beijing?(2)兩詞組haveg

4、one to去了某地 e.g.：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京)havebeen to去過某地 e.g.：He has been to Beijing. (去過北京)(3)兩結(jié)構(gòu)for two monthsfor +一段時間 Jim has lived here for 2 months.since last yearsince +過去點時間Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.since 3 years agosince 1990since he came heresince +過去時態(tài)句子He has been in

5、 China since he came here.(4).如果句子里面沒有時間狀語，漢語意思能夠加“已經(jīng)”，往往用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。 e.g.：Have you lost your library book? 你已經(jīng)弄丟了從圖書館借的那本書嗎？(5).現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)還常常用于下列句型 They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在過去的幾年，他們已經(jīng)種了很多樹。 This is the best book I have ever read. 這是我曾經(jīng)讀過的最好的一本書。 It is the first time I have playe

6、d the computer games. 這是我第一次玩電腦游戲。5.在現(xiàn)在完成時中，一次性動詞不能和一段時間狀語連用 e.g.：He has bought the book for 3 years.（錯）因buy這個一次性動詞不能和一段時間for 3 years連用, 改正的辦法有五種： He has bought the book. (去掉一段時間for 3 years) He bought the book 3 years ago (改為一般過去時，使句子的意思不變) Its 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed

7、since he bought the book. （改為固定句型 It is -since-） He has not bought the book for 3 years.（改為否定句） He has had the book for 3 years. （用延續(xù)性動詞have代替buy）6. 還有其他一次性動詞也是這種情況，可參照前面的五種辦法改正，前四種改法都一樣，第五種改法各不相同，舉例如下：come/arrive/get to/reach be here e.g：I have come here for 3 years.（錯） 改為：I have been here for 3 ye

8、ars.leave/go be away e.g.：He has left for 3 hours.（錯） 改為：He has been away for 3 hours.begin/start be on e.g.：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（錯） 改為：The film has been on for 3 minutes.open be open / close be closed e.g.：The shop has opened for 3 years.(錯) 改為：The shop has been open for 3 years.die be

9、 dead e.g.：His father has died for 3 years.(錯) 改為：His father has been dead for 3 years.finish/end be over 例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(錯) 改為：The work has been over for 3 daysjoin 例：I have joined the army for 3 years.（錯） 改為：I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 y

10、ears.buy /catch have e.g.：I have bought the bike for 3 years.（錯） 改為：I have had the bike for 3 years. He has caught a cold for 3 days.（錯） 改為：He has had a cold for 3 days.borrow keep e.g：I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （錯） 改為：I have kept the book for 3 years.還有其它的歸納如下：break be broken get up be u

11、pmarry be married become be lose be lost 7. 延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞延續(xù)性動詞：表示的動作是能延續(xù)的動作，這種動作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久的影響。e.g.：learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live終止性動詞：也叫非延續(xù)性動詞，瞬間動詞，一次性動詞。表示的動作不能延續(xù)，即動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束，產(chǎn)生某種結(jié)果。在有了某種結(jié)果后，動作就不能再繼續(xù)下去。e.g.：leave start set out arrive reach get to begin stop

12、shut turn off marry put put on get up wake fall join meet receivefinish end complete become come go die open close break give jump buy borrow8. 終止性動詞不能和一段時間狀語連用。 He has died for three days. （錯，終止性動詞die不能和一段時間for three days連用）時態(tài) 1. 過去將來時：表示對于過去某一時間而言將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用于賓語從句 e.g.:：John said that he would come the next day if he was free. （構(gòu)成：would+ 動詞原形） John said that he was going to plant trees. （構(gòu)成：was/were going to+ 動詞原形） 2.過去完成時：由 had+ 過去分詞 構(gòu)成。用法有二：過去某一時刻或某一動作之前就已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)：即過去的過去 e.g.:：When we got to the station, the train had left. 當