1、Unit21、 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)基礎(chǔ)篇1. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成： be + 過去分詞2. 時(shí)態(tài)通過助動(dòng)詞be變化體現(xiàn)：時(shí)態(tài) be 過去分詞done為例例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am / is / aredoneEnglish is spoken in many countries.一般過去時(shí)was / weredoneSome TV sets for sale in the department store were stolen last night. 一般將來時(shí)shall / will + bedoneHe wont be allowed, by his father, to marry Larra. 過去將來時(shí)

2、would / should + bedoneThey would be sent to the army when theyFinished the training.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am / is / are + beingdoneThe project is being carried out.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was / were + beingdoneThe case was being investigated then.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have / has + beendoneThis novel has been translated into several languages.過去完成時(shí)had

3、+ beendoneThey said that production costs had been reduced.【說明】：以上的八個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)可用于被動(dòng)式，其它沒有列舉的時(shí)態(tài)都不宜用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子中。3. 一般能用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)優(yōu)先使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。只在下列情況中才用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：(1)不知道或沒必要指出行為、動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者(無(wú)須加by短語(yǔ))Football is played around the world.(2)突出和強(qiáng)調(diào)行為或動(dòng)作的承受著。（這時(shí)可用by引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者） History is made by the people. The wounded soldiers have been

4、saved by those people.2、 語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換的幾種類型：類型變化舉例主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)將賓語(yǔ)變成主語(yǔ)I broke the bottle.The bottle was broken by me.有賓從句從句的主語(yǔ)作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可直接把從主變被主，也it作形式主語(yǔ)We know that he was dying.He was known to be dying.It was known that he was dying.整個(gè)從句作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),要用形式主語(yǔ)it.He has knows that many friends will come to

5、see him.It has been known to himthat my friends will come to see him.有雙賓語(yǔ)將其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變主語(yǔ)He gave me a book.I was given a book by him.A book was given to me by him.有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)S+O+O.C只能將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)We made him our monitor.I heard him singing.I heard the song sung.He was made our monitor.He was heard singing.The song wa

6、s heard sung.有情 動(dòng)詞情動(dòng)詞+ be + 過去分詞We must clean the room.The room must be cleaned.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)保留動(dòng)詞原來所帶的介詞/副詞Ill look after the boy.The boy will be looked after.(by me)3、 使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)需要注意的情況： 1. be+過去分詞可以是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式,也可以是系表結(jié)構(gòu)形式?！緟^(qū)別】： 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，可以帶by短語(yǔ)；系表結(jié)構(gòu)表主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)，不帶by短語(yǔ)。 The job was well done.(系表結(jié)構(gòu)) The job was well

7、 done by a skilled worker.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) The composition is well written.(系表結(jié)構(gòu)) The composition is written with great care;.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))【注意】表示狀態(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞 look, sound, feel, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep 加形容詞/名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。2. 不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況： There be句型和所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之中。

8、 表示狀態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如：last, hold, benefit, contain, equal, fit, join, mean, last, look like, consist of 等。 表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞，如have、own、belong to等。 表示“希望、意圖”的動(dòng)詞，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。 賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。The man introduced himself as Mr. Wang. 賓語(yǔ)是同源賓語(yǔ)，不定式、動(dòng)名詞等謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是以下時(shí)，無(wú)被動(dòng) ：happen,belon

9、gto,suit,fit(適合),have,let,join,fall,last（延長(zhǎng)）,cost（花費(fèi)） breakout（爆發(fā)）appear,burstout(迸發(fā))，hold(容納)，lack（缺乏），agreewith（同意）1 有些動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞常用所接的不定式來表示被動(dòng)意義?！救纭?happen, pretend, seem, used to, ought to, appear等。The house used to be painted white. The job has to be done before dark. On the way we happened to be c

10、aught in the rain.3、 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)相關(guān)重要考點(diǎn)：1.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義 表主語(yǔ)的某種屬性特征的動(dòng)詞，如cut、read、act, clean, sell、wear、write、wash、open, cook, shut,dry, eat,drink等詞帶狀語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)；當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動(dòng)”等意義時(shí)，如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, lock, run, move。This kind of cloth washes easily.這種布易洗。These novels wont sell w

11、ell.這些小說不暢銷。My pen writes smoothly.我的鋼筆寫起來很流暢。The door wont lock.門鎖不上。The fish smells good.魚聞起來香。 當(dāng)break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動(dòng)詞表示“發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時(shí)。The plan worked out successfully.The lamps on the wall turn off. want, require, need后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義。 be worth doing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。 在“be +

12、 形容詞 + to do”中，不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.另外：be to blame(受譴責(zé))，be to rent（出租）也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。2.被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的幾種情況。be seated坐著：He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。be hidden躲藏 ：He was hidden behind the door.(He hid hims

13、elf behind the door.)他藏門后。be lost迷路 be drunk喝醉 be dressed穿著：The girl was dressed in a read short skirt.1. 經(jīng)典例題講解：1. Visitors _not to touch the exhibits.(NMET 2001)A.will request B.are requested C.are requesting D.request2. All the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start.（2000年春季高考）A.com

14、pleted B.complete C.had been completed D.have been completed3When everyone was _ , the meeting began.A. sitting B. sat C.seated D.seating被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、選擇題（215=30分）( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident _ on this road las

15、t week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )4.So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _

16、in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be

17、 done ( )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( )10.Who _ this book _? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( )11.A story _ by

18、 Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( )13.The school bag _ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( )14.Older people _ well. A. looks after B. must be

19、 looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( )15.Our teacher _ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 二、按要求改寫下列句子，一空一詞。 （130=30分）1.Is tea grown in South China？（改為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） _ people _ tea in South China？ 2.I am given a birthday present by my parents ev

20、ery year（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換） A birthday present _ _ _ _by my parents every year 3.The work is going to be finished in two days. (對(duì)劃線提問)How_ _ the work going to be finished ? 4. The children will sing an English song. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) An English song _ _ _ by the children. 5. You neednt do it now. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) It _ _ _ by you now. 6. People use metal for making machines. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) Metal _ _