1、Unit21、 被動語態(tài)基礎(chǔ)篇1. 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成： be + 過去分詞2. 時態(tài)通過助動詞be變化體現(xiàn)：時態(tài) be 過去分詞done為例例句一般現(xiàn)在時am / is / aredoneEnglish is spoken in many countries.一般過去時was / weredoneSome TV sets for sale in the department store were stolen last night. 一般將來時shall / will + bedoneHe wont be allowed, by his father, to marry Larra. 過去將來時

2、would / should + bedoneThey would be sent to the army when theyFinished the training.現(xiàn)在進行時am / is / are + beingdoneThe project is being carried out.過去進行時was / were + beingdoneThe case was being investigated then.現(xiàn)在完成時have / has + beendoneThis novel has been translated into several languages.過去完成時had

3、+ beendoneThey said that production costs had been reduced.【說明】：以上的八個時態(tài)可用于被動式，其它沒有列舉的時態(tài)都不宜用于被動語態(tài)的句子中。3. 一般能用主動語態(tài)時優(yōu)先使用主動語態(tài)。只在下列情況中才用被動語態(tài)：(1)不知道或沒必要指出行為、動作的執(zhí)行者(無須加by短語)Football is played around the world.(2)突出和強調(diào)行為或動作的承受著。（這時可用by引導(dǎo)出動作的執(zhí)行者） History is made by the people. The wounded soldiers have been

4、saved by those people.2、 語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換的幾種類型：類型變化舉例主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)有一個賓語將賓語變成主語I broke the bottle.The bottle was broken by me.有賓從句從句的主語作被動語態(tài)的主語時，可直接把從主變被主，也it作形式主語We know that he was dying.He was known to be dying.It was known that he was dying.整個從句作被動語態(tài)主語時，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài),要用形式主語it.He has knows that many friends will come to

5、see him.It has been known to himthat my friends will come to see him.有雙賓語將其中一個賓語變主語He gave me a book.I was given a book by him.A book was given to me by him.有復(fù)合賓語S+O+O.C只能將賓語變?yōu)橹髡ZWe made him our monitor.I heard him singing.I heard the song sung.He was made our monitor.He was heard singing.The song wa

6、s heard sung.有情 動詞情動詞+ be + 過去分詞We must clean the room.The room must be cleaned.短語動詞作謂語保留動詞原來所帶的介詞/副詞Ill look after the boy.The boy will be looked after.(by me)3、 使用被動語態(tài)時需要注意的情況： 1. be+過去分詞可以是被動語態(tài)形式,也可以是系表結(jié)構(gòu)形式?！緟^(qū)別】： 被動語態(tài)強調(diào)動作，可以帶by短語；系表結(jié)構(gòu)表主語的特點或狀態(tài)，不帶by短語。 The job was well done.(系表結(jié)構(gòu)) The job was well

7、 done by a skilled worker.(被動語態(tài)) The composition is well written.(系表結(jié)構(gòu)) The composition is written with great care;.(被動語態(tài))【注意】表示狀態(tài)特征的連系動詞 look, sound, feel, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep 加形容詞/名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。2. 不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況： There be句型和所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)之中。

8、 表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞，如：last, hold, benefit, contain, equal, fit, join, mean, last, look like, consist of 等。 表示歸屬的動詞，如have、own、belong to等。 表示“希望、意圖”的動詞，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。 賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)，不能用被動語態(tài)。The man introduced himself as Mr. Wang. 賓語是同源賓語，不定式、動名詞等謂語動詞不用被動語態(tài)。 謂語動詞是以下時，無被動 ：happen,belon

9、gto,suit,fit(適合),have,let,join,fall,last（延長）,cost（花費） breakout（爆發(fā)）appear,burstout(迸發(fā))，hold(容納)，lack（缺乏），agreewith（同意）1 有些動詞或情態(tài)動詞常用所接的不定式來表示被動意義?！救纭?happen, pretend, seem, used to, ought to, appear等。The house used to be painted white. The job has to be done before dark. On the way we happened to be c

10、aught in the rain.3、 被動語態(tài)相關(guān)重要考點：1.主動形式表被動意義 表主語的某種屬性特征的動詞，如cut、read、act, clean, sell、wear、write、wash、open, cook, shut,dry, eat,drink等詞帶狀語修飾語時；當動詞表示“開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動”等意義時，如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, lock, run, move。This kind of cloth washes easily.這種布易洗。These novels wont sell w

11、ell.這些小說不暢銷。My pen writes smoothly.我的鋼筆寫起來很流暢。The door wont lock.門鎖不上。The fish smells good.魚聞起來香。 當break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動詞表示“發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時。The plan worked out successfully.The lamps on the wall turn off. want, require, need后面的動名詞用主動表示被動含義。 be worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義。 在“be +

12、 形容詞 + to do”中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動代被動。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.另外：be to blame(受譴責(zé))，be to rent（出租）也用主動形式表被動。2.被動形式表示主動意義的幾種情況。be seated坐著：He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。be hidden躲藏 ：He was hidden behind the door.(He hid hims

13、elf behind the door.)他藏門后。be lost迷路 be drunk喝醉 be dressed穿著：The girl was dressed in a read short skirt.1. 經(jīng)典例題講解：1. Visitors _not to touch the exhibits.(NMET 2001)A.will request B.are requested C.are requesting D.request2. All the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start.（2000年春季高考）A.com

14、pleted B.complete C.had been completed D.have been completed3When everyone was _ , the meeting began.A. sitting B. sat C.seated D.seating被動語態(tài)專項練習(xí)一、選擇題（215=30分）( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident _ on this road las

15、t week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )4.So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _

16、in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be

17、 done ( )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( )10.Who _ this book _? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( )11.A story _ by

18、 Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( )13.The school bag _ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( )14.Older people _ well. A. looks after B. must be

19、 looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( )15.Our teacher _ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 二、按要求改寫下列句子，一空一詞。 （130=30分）1.Is tea grown in South China？（改為主動語態(tài)） _ people _ tea in South China？ 2.I am given a birthday present by my parents ev

20、ery year（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換） A birthday present _ _ _ _by my parents every year 3.The work is going to be finished in two days. (對劃線提問)How_ _ the work going to be finished ? 4. The children will sing an English song. (改為被動語態(tài)) An English song _ _ _ by the children. 5. You neednt do it now. (改為被動語態(tài)) It _ _ _ by you now. 6. People use metal for making machines. (改為被動語態(tài)) Metal _ _