1、法國(guó)有位化學(xué)家曾說(shuō)過(guò): 人如果不能把平生所學(xué)全部推翻，這個(gè)人就等于什么都沒(méi)有學(xué)到；考研英語(yǔ)翻譯高分新思維，就是用最回歸本質(zhì)的方式，顛覆考生對(duì)于考研英語(yǔ)的傳統(tǒng)錯(cuò)誤理解，讓考生能夠像英語(yǔ)國(guó)家人一樣自由的輸入和輸出英語(yǔ)。本課程，提升的不僅僅是翻譯。翻譯前對(duì)于文章觀點(diǎn)的快速把握能幫你打通閱讀理解的文章關(guān)；理解英語(yǔ)國(guó)家人民是如何簡(jiǎn)單快速的輸出英語(yǔ)能讓你的寫作流暢自如?？佳袑W(xué)生都會(huì)有這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題：需要考取多少分才能達(dá)到理想學(xué)校的要求 ？換算到我們翻譯部分應(yīng)該得多少分呢？u 想考211大學(xué)，英語(yǔ)一翻譯需要5分以上，英語(yǔ)二翻譯需要11以上；u 想考985大學(xué)，英語(yǔ)一翻譯需要6分以上，英語(yǔ)二翻譯需要12分以上；

2、u 想考北大、復(fù)旦等一流大學(xué)，英語(yǔ)一翻譯需要7分以上，英語(yǔ)二翻譯需要13分以上。而歷年的英語(yǔ)一翻譯平均成績(jī)只有不到4分，英語(yǔ)二的平均分不到10分，也就是說(shuō)，一大半的考生都要倒在翻譯上。有考生說(shuō)翻譯難：翻譯不像閱讀、完形，不會(huì)做你可以猜，時(shí)間不夠可以蒙。也有考生說(shuō)翻譯容易：（1）輸出的是漢語(yǔ)；（2）要求不高：考研翻譯要求（6個(gè)字）“ 準(zhǔn)確、完整、通順 ” ；而不是 “ 信、 達(dá)、 雅 ”。 為什么最容易提分的板塊，得分情況卻最不盡如人意？因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)考生從來(lái)沒(méi)有真正弄懂英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言規(guī)律, 學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的方法還是大學(xué)之前的老一套： 整日重復(fù)做著繁瑣又枯燥卻毫無(wú)價(jià)值的語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)分析。其實(shí)，只要方法科學(xué)有效，所

3、有考生都可以完全掌握好英語(yǔ)，甚至將英語(yǔ)變成自己的專長(zhǎng)。所以，本期翻譯課程，之所以稱為“高分新思維”，就是因?yàn)椴粫?huì)采取傳統(tǒng)的講授方法，沒(méi)有死板的學(xué)術(shù)套路，不會(huì)為考生列舉機(jī)械的條條框框，不會(huì)寄希望考生課后大量艱苦的練習(xí)，結(jié)果考分還不盡如人意。 考研英語(yǔ)翻譯高分新思維 將直擊制約考研學(xué)子取得翻譯高分過(guò)程中最核心的問(wèn)題英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言規(guī)律 ，讓考生在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)打通考研翻譯的認(rèn)識(shí)障礙，迅速達(dá)到理想的分?jǐn)?shù)。u 授課理念1. 授課初衷： 長(zhǎng)年來(lái)我一直痛心考生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)，備考方法不僅錯(cuò)誤，缺乏效率，而且只會(huì)最終走入死胡同，逐漸喪失對(duì)英語(yǔ)的興趣；思維單一，機(jī)械，缺乏靈活性，創(chuàng)造性； 希望本期課程能徹底改變考生看待，處理

4、翻譯乃至學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的方法，真正做到事半功倍，學(xué)以致用3. 授課原則： 考研英語(yǔ)都是長(zhǎng)句翻譯，但要游刃有余地處理好長(zhǎng)句，首先要求考生能充分駕馭簡(jiǎn)短的句子，打好基礎(chǔ)-任何復(fù)雜事物背后都存在著簡(jiǎn)單的本質(zhì)規(guī)律； 從根本上認(rèn)識(shí)到英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言規(guī)律，與漢語(yǔ)的不同。只有這樣方能快速有效地應(yīng)對(duì)好考研英語(yǔ)。一 范例1. Ships from every nation are in port and strange languages can be heard in the streets. 2. His father is a humorous person.3. Life is measured by though

5、t and action, not by time.4. Most commonly, we come to books with blurred and divided minds.5. Men are kind in one way but evil in many.6. The outcome of the secret war between downloading and uploading will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine. (12年真題)7. Last night, I pa

6、ssed several hours in tormenting sleeplessness.二看待英語(yǔ)句子的新方法： 先主后次； 學(xué)會(huì)區(qū)別事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)； 不要做無(wú)用的語(yǔ)法分析三中文的句法結(jié)構(gòu)：（話題評(píng)論）四如何在和之間自如轉(zhuǎn)換？三部曲：找出說(shuō)話重點(diǎn)即觀點(diǎn)（）； 打破結(jié)構(gòu)，形成模式；將評(píng)論之外的剩余成分壓縮為名詞性話題，或表達(dá)成其它狀語(yǔ)成分。 課后練習(xí)題1. The students welcomed him. 2. Their policy was that natives should man the frontline.3. We need to learn not to create c

7、onflict-free relationships but to engage in conflicts with effective strategies. 4. Of all the components of a good nights sleep, dreams seem to be least within control.(05年真題)5. The homeless make up a growing percentage of Americas population. (06年真題)6. Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible t

8、elevision companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (05年真題)7. At the beginning of century, songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. Scientists jumped to the rescue with distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed

9、to control them. 第二講 進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)SVO與TC的本質(zhì)差異u 心理測(cè)試 測(cè)試結(jié)果說(shuō)明 英美人和中國(guó)人的語(yǔ)言心理規(guī)律有根本不同：英美人對(duì)主語(yǔ)更敏感，而中國(guó)人腦海中話題更重要。 測(cè)試結(jié)果運(yùn)用范例：1. My aunt lived in a leisurely age when servants were employed to do the housework.2. Man has infinite desires which can never be gratified and which will keep him restless even in paradise.3. Th

10、e bazaar which I am thinking of particularly is entered by a Gothic-arched gateway of aged brick and stone. 課后練習(xí)題1. Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that represent more than 2,000 languages. Chomskys grammar should show patterns of language change that

11、 are independent of the family trees or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenbergian universality should predict strong codependencies between particular types of word-order relations. (12年翻譯真題)2. When Zhou Enlais door opened, they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming

12、eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful. u 英語(yǔ)組織語(yǔ)句的四種連接手段說(shuō)明：這四種手段的運(yùn)用是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)句地道，規(guī)范的精髓所在。但恰恰是這些手段的存在往往禁錮住了考生的思維，導(dǎo)致考生對(duì)英語(yǔ)原文亦步亦趨，機(jī)械對(duì)應(yīng)，結(jié)果可想而知：翻譯出的中文不通不順，甚至讓人不忍卒讀。這樣的譯文怎么可能取得高分？1. 動(dòng)詞2. 介詞3. 英語(yǔ)的各種自有語(yǔ)法手段4. 邏輯聯(lián)系詞說(shuō)明：這四種手段是按照在英語(yǔ)組句過(guò)程中使用的頻率由高至低排列的；換句話說(shuō)，寫英語(yǔ)句子時(shí)，信息片段的連接手段選擇的順序是：先考慮高頻使用的，再考慮使用頻率低的。這

13、一點(diǎn)尤其重要！ 范例分析1. 動(dòng)詞的連接作用及其對(duì)翻譯，寫作的影響例證：A. 手術(shù)，病人，健康。B. the city, an excellent locationC. 中國(guó)自然資源豐富。D. China owes its success in bidding for the World Exposition, 2010 to the support from the international community. E. But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordin

14、ary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. F. Sometimes, people would throw him a pebble and got a shower of stones and abuses.2. 介詞的連接作用及對(duì)翻譯，寫作的影響例證：A. 反思英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程B. 回顧周恩來(lái)的例子C. It was agreed that the lawyer should spend 15 year

15、s in confinement under the strictest supervision in one of the lodges at the bankers garden. D. 該公司的產(chǎn)品，質(zhì)優(yōu)，價(jià)廉，服務(wù)周到。E. 我們商定，我教他英語(yǔ)，而他則讓我用他的鋼琴。3.英語(yǔ)的各種自有語(yǔ)法手段包括分詞，定語(yǔ)從句，特殊句型等。例證：A. A dog we know is better company than a person whose language we dont understand.B. The memory of old friends is as much a comf

16、ort to us as wine, when too old, is to the palate.C. In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. (12年真題)D. In fact, it is difficult to see how journalis

17、ts who dont have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories. (07年真題)E. But his (a scientist) primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energie

18、s to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.4.邏輯聯(lián)系詞說(shuō)明：一個(gè)原本獨(dú)立的句子，經(jīng)邏輯聯(lián)系詞引導(dǎo)后，便化為細(xì)節(jié)成分，只能接在獨(dú)立的句子上，成為從句；從功能上講，這一成分是為獨(dú)立句子提供背景，細(xì)節(jié)信息或補(bǔ)充后續(xù)評(píng)價(jià)而用，使獨(dú)立句子的思想表達(dá)更加完整。另，邏輯聯(lián)系詞也是考研英語(yǔ)真題文章中常見的連接手段，是文章思想性更強(qiáng)，文體更正式的一個(gè)重要原因。處理方法：1. 首先考慮省略2. 一種常見策略: 主句+邏輯聯(lián)系詞+從句 的英語(yǔ)組句模式根據(jù)從句的功能（增加背景，細(xì)節(jié)信息或補(bǔ)充評(píng)價(jià)內(nèi)容）分兩種方式處理：A. 多數(shù)情況下，英語(yǔ)從句增加背景，細(xì)

19、節(jié)信息；可處理為：從句+邏輯聯(lián)系詞+主句，因?yàn)檫@時(shí)的大意在主句；B. 有時(shí)，從句補(bǔ)充評(píng)價(jià)內(nèi)容；可處理為：主句在前，從句在后，因?yàn)檫@時(shí)從句為觀點(diǎn)性信息?？傊?，我們的思路要統(tǒng)一：中文行文一般遵守 先客觀事實(shí)，后主觀觀點(diǎn)。例證：1. I have excluded him (the average scientist) because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any

20、but the factual aspects of those problems. (06年真題)2. I gave all these background information because I dont think that one can assess a writers motive without knowing anything about his early developments. 3. When you are not willing to share your good fortune with others, you shall not expect them

21、to be with you when in trouble. u SVO精解說(shuō)明：主謂賓是英語(yǔ)表達(dá)思想的首選結(jié)構(gòu)。然而我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，中國(guó)人對(duì)這一法則的認(rèn)識(shí)，使用卻和英美人不一致；換句話說(shuō)，中國(guó)人對(duì)這一天天打交道的語(yǔ)法缺乏正確的認(rèn)識(shí)，因此也就無(wú)法駕馭。u 主謂賓背后的三個(gè)核心認(rèn)識(shí)問(wèn)題一. 牛頓運(yùn)動(dòng)定律1. 主語(yǔ)的含義：發(fā)出力賓語(yǔ)的含義：接收力力通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞傳遞例證：A. 老師表?yè)P(yáng)了該學(xué)生。B. 他把玻璃打碎了。但如下的普遍存在的漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)句便無(wú)法直接用主謂賓來(lái)分析，如：A. 合資企業(yè)的活動(dòng)必須遵守中國(guó)的相關(guān)法律和法規(guī)。B. 成功不是貪戀物質(zhì)享受；不是犧牲健康換取財(cái)富。2. 考生認(rèn)識(shí)上的空白：主語(yǔ)的另一

22、含義：施加影響，產(chǎn)生變化，帶來(lái)益處；賓語(yǔ)的另一含義：接受影響，發(fā)生變化，得到益處；說(shuō)明：正是由于主謂賓的這一內(nèi)在含義，加之主謂賓，如前面指出的，又是英語(yǔ)表達(dá)思想的首要方式，所以無(wú)論什么英語(yǔ)考試（當(dāng)然也包括考研），文章都體現(xiàn)為思想性強(qiáng)，文風(fēng)正式的特點(diǎn)；而這種嚴(yán)肅的英語(yǔ)也恰恰是要求考生必須能熟讀，能寫出的英語(yǔ)。例證：1. 看到這封情書，他不由想起了三年前分手的女友。2. 地震海嘯過(guò)后，日本百姓連起碼的生活必需品都沒(méi)有。3. 中國(guó)的老百姓要重新來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)健康問(wèn)題，要消除對(duì)疾病的恐懼。4. He (Darwin) points out that he always experienced much dif

23、ficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. (08年翻譯真題)5. And the

24、statesmens political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. (08年真題) 課后練習(xí)題1. To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us t

25、o understand how complex cultural behaviour arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms. (12年真題)2. As a discovery claim works its way through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and technology involved transforms an

26、individuals discovery claim into the communitys credible discovery. (12年真題)3. 甲方若有任何企圖違約的行為，乙方將不承擔(dān)支付貨款的義務(wù)。二. 主語(yǔ)的選擇問(wèn)題說(shuō)明：前面我們已經(jīng)通過(guò)心理測(cè)試證明中國(guó)人腦海中對(duì)話題更敏感，也就是說(shuō)我們?nèi)狈?duì)主語(yǔ)的認(rèn)識(shí)，更不用說(shuō)運(yùn)用好主語(yǔ)了。由于考生總是誤把話題當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，造出的英語(yǔ)句子其實(shí)反映出的還是考生的母語(yǔ)思維習(xí)慣；另一方面，許多英語(yǔ)句子由于并非以話題起句，翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，如不做相應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)化，很難翻譯成通順，地道的中文。 主語(yǔ)選擇的四大原則1. 主語(yǔ)的最佳來(lái)源是文章或段落的談?wù)撝黝}例證：A. 許

27、多人都不明白成功究竟為何物？B. 每年，數(shù)十萬(wàn)游客來(lái)長(zhǎng)城游覽。C. 來(lái)到中東集市就好像回到了千百年前。D. 世界五百?gòu)?qiáng)企業(yè)中，有許多都云集在深圳。2. 主語(yǔ)可以變化，但最好來(lái)自上文的已知信息，以保證上下文的銜接，使文章環(huán)環(huán)相扣例證：A. 所謂智慧，就是盡可能地?cái)[脫個(gè)人的偏見。然而即使許多專家也不一定具備我所說(shuō)的這種智慧。B. 秦嶺山區(qū)生物種類多樣。許多瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物都棲息在這里。C. True eccentrics never deliberately draw attention to themselves. They disregard social conventions without

28、 being conscious that they are doing anything extraordinary. This invariably wins them the love and respect of others, for they add color to the dull routine of everyday life. 核心語(yǔ)言知識(shí)點(diǎn)意義表達(dá)的兩種方式：綜合表達(dá)法與分析表達(dá)法例證：A. It is merely a hypothesis so far and of my own.B. 許多大學(xué)畢業(yè)生雖然拿了學(xué)位，卻不勝任工作。 3. 心理主語(yǔ)說(shuō)明：首先考生要區(qū)別一

29、點(diǎn)：這里的心理主語(yǔ)指的并不是中國(guó)人意識(shí)中最重要的話題，不可回到誤把話題當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的錯(cuò)誤思維上去。其次，由于寫作過(guò)程中，原作者的心理狀態(tài)會(huì)非常復(fù)雜，這里的心理主語(yǔ)，考生不可機(jī)械理解，而應(yīng)用心體會(huì)。例證：A. 她坐在那里，淚流滿面。B. 老師一把這個(gè)話題拋出，全班同學(xué)便展開了激烈的討論。C. 真想不到公司竟然會(huì)派他出國(guó)！D. Your imagination is all you need to restore the ancient city back to life. 4. 把主語(yǔ)的選擇和主謂賓的組建聯(lián)系起來(lái)說(shuō)明：這一點(diǎn)，在考研英語(yǔ)閱讀及翻譯中體現(xiàn)的特別明顯：由于文章全都是正式書面文體，無(wú)數(shù)文中的

30、語(yǔ)句基本都以對(duì)考生來(lái)說(shuō)抽象的主謂賓模式構(gòu)建，需要考生充分認(rèn)識(shí)到英漢表達(dá)習(xí)慣的根本不同，逐漸習(xí)慣閱讀這種風(fēng)格的英文。例證：羅素注重邏輯分析，這一主張深深影響了整個(gè)二十世紀(jì)的哲學(xué)進(jìn)程。Russels emphasis on logical analysis influenced the whole course of the 20th-century philosophy.三. SVO不能用來(lái)只勾勒孤立的事實(shí)說(shuō)明：前面我已經(jīng)指出，優(yōu)秀的語(yǔ)句在英語(yǔ)中必須包括兩部分內(nèi)容：事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)。沒(méi)有觀點(diǎn)的事實(shí)是廢話，單獨(dú)存在是沒(méi)有交際價(jià)值的。因此英語(yǔ)造句需想方設(shè)法將事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)統(tǒng)一在一個(gè)句子之內(nèi)。然而中文卻恰恰相反

31、，TC結(jié)構(gòu)本身就說(shuō)明，中文的事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)是可以分開單獨(dú)表達(dá)的。這就對(duì)考生提出了調(diào)整思維的要求。 例證：1. 他喝醉了酒，車又開得飛快，差點(diǎn)送了命。2. 年輕的時(shí)候，他只熱愛(ài)體育，不關(guān)心學(xué)習(xí)，如今便因此而吃了大虧。3. 中國(guó)成功申辦了08年奧運(yùn)會(huì)，舉國(guó)歡慶。4. 過(guò)去三十年間，中國(guó)開展了史無(wú)先例的經(jīng)濟(jì)改革，數(shù)百萬(wàn)中國(guó)人民脫貧致富。 階段性小結(jié)及鞏固我們已經(jīng)為各位考生詳細(xì)講解了理解，翻譯英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句的新思維；怎樣把漢語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句轉(zhuǎn)化為地道英語(yǔ)的方式；還探討了英語(yǔ)的四大類組句連接手段和英語(yǔ)核心語(yǔ)法SVO的學(xué)習(xí)奧秘。為了讓各位考生能徹底吃透，消化并能靈活地把前幾講的思路綜合起來(lái)使用，特設(shè)本講，用更多例句幫助

32、考生內(nèi)化已接觸到的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。 綜合范例演練：以下范例會(huì)涉及到本期課程已講解過(guò)的一個(gè)或多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)1. Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed - and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.(05年翻譯真題)2. I shall define him (an intellectual

33、) as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic way about moral problems. (06年翻譯真題)3. Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent i

34、s no easy task and demands a stragetic choice-that of producing programs in Europe for Europe.(05年翻譯真題)4. Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions (universities) as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated pe

35、rson. (07年翻譯真題)5. While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. (07年翻譯真題)6. Several product quality scandals this year-from fields as diverse as food industry, manufacturing ind

36、ustry and even estate industry-have left governors and managers hurriedly peering into their intricate production processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.(07年考研真題) 7. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble

37、corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them-especially in America-the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data security. (07年真題)8. Within the complex structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries, editors and re

38、viewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new findings to suit their own purposes and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. （12年真題）u 怎樣寫出地道的英語(yǔ)句子？說(shuō)明：本講雖然與考生的翻譯考試不直接相關(guān)，但我認(rèn)為是考生必

39、須掌握的關(guān)鍵知識(shí)點(diǎn)；對(duì)考生從根本上弄清英漢組句的差異，尤其對(duì)英語(yǔ)寫作有重大啟發(fā)。例句回顧：Ships from every nation are in port and strange languages can be heard in the streets. 港口停泊的船只來(lái)自四面八方；街頭聽到的語(yǔ)言可謂五花八門。考生根據(jù)自己的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)造出的句子一般為：Ships that are in port are from every nation and the languages that can be heard in the streets are strange.漢語(yǔ)單句轉(zhuǎn)換為地道英語(yǔ)的

40、過(guò)程1. 概率2. 中文單句的潛在組織規(guī)律3. 回顧主語(yǔ)的選擇思路例證1. 黑龍江省的氣候最適合耕種。2. 明年，該廠的中型卡車生產(chǎn)量將達(dá)到十萬(wàn)輛。3.作者開篇指出了科學(xué)與偽科學(xué)的區(qū)別。4.抗生素的濫用正在危及人們的健康。5.合資企業(yè)的活動(dòng)必須遵守中國(guó)的相關(guān)法律和法規(guī)。u 英語(yǔ)句子中的邏輯問(wèn)題說(shuō)明：造句子，不管在英語(yǔ)還是漢語(yǔ)中，可以理解為建立詞與詞，或信息片段與信息片段之間的某種關(guān)系。然而關(guān)系卻可以分為兩種：結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系/語(yǔ)法關(guān)系和邏輯關(guān)系/意義關(guān)系；也就是傳統(tǒng)上所說(shuō)的形合與意合。這對(duì)矛盾，考生必須能夠應(yīng)對(duì)；否則譯文也會(huì)不通不順，或根本無(wú)法達(dá)意，出現(xiàn)翻譯不到位的問(wèn)題。例證1. Opening th

41、e case, I saw the polished glow of a beautiful violin. 2. 允許戰(zhàn)俘寫信，但信要經(jīng)過(guò)審查。3. College education was beyond the dream of those students. It was costly and demanding4. As he sat in his easy chair, I would fumble through “Lady of Spain”.5. The idle rich suffer from unspeakable boredom as a price to pay f

42、or their freedom from drudgery. 6. A young widow with three kids determined to invest her insurance settlement in college education for herself.7. Cultural differences which are out of awareness, are, consequently, misunderstood as unskillfulness, ill manner or lack of interest on the part of the ot

43、her side.8. In the courtyard, camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, while big bales of merchandise that they carried hundreds of miles across the desert lie beside them. 9. Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar.

44、中文行文遵守的幾個(gè)常見邏輯順序1. 時(shí)間先后2. 先客觀后主觀3. 大管小 課后練習(xí)題1. Over the past three centuries, England alone must have produced scores of Newtons who never learnt to read and hundreds of Darwins, Daltons and Bacons, who died, stunted in hovels without an opportunity to display their qualities. 2. A “reason” has been

45、found for producing zillions of packages of something, more or less resembling cheese, which nearly works for all and which is not imagined to be superlatively good by a single soul. 3. It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial val

46、ue, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. (10年翻譯真題)4. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. (10年翻譯真題)5. Producing programs in Europe for E

47、urope entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own. (05翻譯真題)u 英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的翻譯說(shuō)明：首先，要指出，長(zhǎng)句的概念并不準(zhǔn)確：考生可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，在講解簡(jiǎn)單句翻譯新思維時(shí)許多句子其實(shí)已經(jīng)很長(zhǎng)。這里我要指出，句子的長(zhǎng)短并非是選擇或改變翻譯策略的決定因素，而是從今天開始，大家要處理的句子和以前有一個(gè)根本不同： 差異分析Ships fr

48、om every nation are in port.Lazy children are not to blame when their parents brought them up to be idle. 英語(yǔ)造句的統(tǒng)一思路:由近及遠(yuǎn)及右分支結(jié)構(gòu)考生必須理解，記住并自覺(jué)遵守的英語(yǔ)造句思路：Compared to information thats already in the context or that has been mentioned previously, English speakers tend to place newly introduced information

49、LATER in the sentence. 英語(yǔ)造句規(guī)律的第二種解析信息可以分為三種：newly-introduced information（future）currently-focused information（present）background information（past）information 第三種解析倒金字塔句序例證分析1. Majestic mountains were created millions of years ago by volcanic activities that thrust small islands 3 miles above the sea

50、 floor. 2. You round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes as burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers. 3. A tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leather bellows worked by a string attached to his big toe. 4. But his (a scientists) primary task

51、is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. (06年翻譯真題)5. His (an intellectuals) function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealin

52、g in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decisions. (06年翻譯真題) 6. On the other hand, he didnt accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. 7. 1959年我們離開了中國(guó)。此后中國(guó)連續(xù)三年遭受了自然災(zāi)害。在國(guó)內(nèi)了解到

53、這方面消息時(shí)，我們的心情頗為沉重。8. The era of open discrimination ended in the 1960s through the courageous actions of thousands of black people participating in peaceful demonstrations to force the southern states to implement the Federal law of desegregation at schools and public places.9. 遼沈戰(zhàn)役持續(xù)了52天，共殲敵人。自此，中國(guó)人

54、民解放軍從人數(shù)上超越了國(guó)民黨，成為中國(guó)革命史上的另一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。10. It is a curious fact for which I can offer no satisfactory explanation that love of natural sceneries and enthusiasm about country life is the strongest and the most widely diffusive precisely in those European countries which have the worst climates and where the

55、search for the picturesque involves the greatest discomfort. 11. There is nothing more disappointing to a hostess who has gone to a lot of trouble and expenses than to have the guest so interested in talking business or politics with her husband that he fails to notice the flavor of her coffee, the

56、lightness of her cake and the attractiveness of her house, which may be her chief interest and pride. 空間搭架1. 回顧駱駝的例子。2. 出差。3. 長(zhǎng)城。 課后練習(xí)題1. Todays families have been budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial s

57、etback-a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help fmilies weather bad times. (07年真題)2. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed