1、Linux專業(yè)術語中英文控制(a)帳戶名-與登錄id、用戶id或用戶名相同。是分配給UNIX/Linux系統(tǒng)上的用戶的名稱。在每個訪問(權限)級別不同的系統(tǒng)上，可以為多個用戶設置唯一的帳戶名。安裝Linux后，帳戶名由超級用戶或root操作員指定。account namesame as log in id、user id、Or user name . the name assigned to a user on a UNIX/Linux system . multiple users can be set up opAfterStep用戶界面(窗口管理器)之一，AfterStep使Linux看

2、起來像NeXTSTEP，并對其進行了一些增強。after stepone of several user interfaces，after step makes Linux look and feel much like next step，With enhancements。for more on after step，go to www.after . (also，see enlightenment，gnome，kde，and x window system。）Awk(Aho、Weinberger和Kernighan)-由于模式匹配語法而特別有用的編程語言。通常用于數(shù)據(jù)檢索

3、和數(shù)據(jù)轉換。GNU版本稱為Gawk。Awk (Aho、Weinberger、and kernighan)a programming language useful for its pattern-matching syntax，and often used for dataa GNU version is called gawk。Advanced Power Management(APM)使系統(tǒng)處理器和各個組件進入睡眠模式(掛起、睡眠、關機等)的行業(yè)標準。APM軟件在移動設備上尤其重要，因為它可以節(jié)省電池電源。高級電源管理(APM)an industry standard for allowi

4、ng the system processor and various components to enter power-saving management附加符號(append symbol)-兩個鍵盤字符(即)。通常用于將命令的輸出發(fā)送到文本文件，以將數(shù)據(jù)附加到文件的尾部，而不是替換現(xiàn)有內(nèi)容。例如，ls -a output.txt將當前目錄列表傳輸?shù)矫麨閛utput.txt的文件中，并將其添加到該文件的末尾。重復執(zhí)行此命令會將新數(shù)據(jù)繼續(xù)添加到文件末尾。append symbolthe keyboard character，repeated (i.e .)。it is often used

5、 to send the output from a command to a text file，Appending the data to the end of the file，rather than replacing the existing coodfor example，Ls-a output . txt sends the current directory list to a file called output . txt，And adds it to the end of the file。repeating the command will continue to ad

6、d new data to the end of the file .(also，see piping symbol and redirection symbol。）存檔包含多個文件的單個大型文件，通常經(jīng)過壓縮以節(jié)省存儲空間。為了方便計算機之間的傳輸，經(jīng)常創(chuàng)建歸檔文件。廣泛使用的歸檔格式包括ARJ、TAR、ZIP和ZOO?？梢杂糜趧?chuàng)建這些歸檔文件。archivea single large file containing multiple files，Usually compressed to save storage space . often created to faclitate tr

7、ansfer rinngARJ廣泛用于UNIX/Linux、DOS/Windows和其他操作系統(tǒng)的文件壓縮/歸檔工具。以這種方式壓縮的文件通常具有擴展名。arj或.應收帳款。arja popular file compression/archival tool、available for UNIX/Linux、dos/windows、and other operating systems(b)背景處理作業(yè)-不需使用者輸入即可執(zhí)行的程式。可以在多任務操作系統(tǒng)(如UNIX/Linux)中運行多個后臺進程，用戶與前臺進程(如數(shù)據(jù)輸入)交互。某些后臺進程(例如守護程序)完全不需要用戶輸入。某些其他進程

8、僅在用戶當前在前臺運行的程序中工作時在后臺臨時發(fā)生。background processa program that is running without user input . a number of background processes can be running on a multitasking operating systemsome background processesDAE mons，F(xiàn)or examplenever require user input . others are merely in the background temporarily while t

9、hebash(bourne again shell)bourne shell的增強版本。bash(bourne again shell)an enhanced version of the bourne shell。BDF字體X Window系統(tǒng)中使用的各種位圖字體。BDF fontsa variety of bitmapped fonts for the x window system。Bean-JavaBeans體系結構的組件。beanscomponents for the JavaBean s architecture。Beowulf一種網(wǎng)絡，包含可以使用不同處理器和硬件體系結構的相對便

10、宜的計算機(包括PC)，Linux和特殊系統(tǒng)級軟件將它們組合到一個龐大的并行計算系統(tǒng)中。最終結果是能夠以較低的成本獲得超級計算機計算能力的系統(tǒng)。這些系統(tǒng)非常適合計算密集型任務，例如氣象建模。因為可以通過數(shù)十、數(shù)百、數(shù)千個并發(fā)執(zhí)行處理器分配計算。-也稱為Beowulf級超級計算機或超級群集計算機。Beowulfa network of relatively inexpensive computers(including PCs)，potentially using different processors and hardware architecturesthe end result is a

11、 system capable of super computer comp Ut ation at a much lower price . this sort of system is ideal for compute-intensive tasks such asbin包含主要為二進制的可執(zhí)行程序的目錄。bina directory containing executable programs，primarly binary files。二進制(binary)-已編譯為可執(zhí)行程序的源代碼。在UNIX/Linux世界中，某些軟件僅作為源代碼分發(fā)。某些軟件包同時包含源代碼和二進制文件。還有

12、僅以二進制文件格式分發(fā)的軟件包。binariessource code that has been compiled into executable programs . in the UNIX/Linux world，some software is distributed as sourcesother packages include both source and binaries；still others are distributed only in binary format。開機磁片-包含作業(yè)系統(tǒng)(例如Linux)啟動(開機)電腦，以及從指令行執(zhí)行某些基本程式所需的足夠內(nèi)容的磁

13、片。如果系統(tǒng)由于某種原因顯示無法啟動，則需要啟動盤。引導盤還用于分區(qū)和格式化硬盤、恢復主引導記錄或復制特定文件。引導磁盤-a diskette(floppy)containing enough of an operating system(such as Linux)to Boot up(start)The computer and runBot自動機的縮寫。這是旨在無需幾乎人為干預就能在網(wǎng)絡上搜索信息的程序。botshort for robot . a program designed to search for information on the internet with little h