1、英語語法 被動語法Luna被動語態(tài)一、被動語態(tài)概述語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)共有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種特殊形式，一般說來，只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。漢語往往用被、受、給等詞來表示被動意義。如：He opened the door.他打開了這扇門。(主動語態(tài)) The door was opened.這扇門被打開了。(被動語態(tài))二、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和否定

2、式的變化也如此。1、被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)較常見的八種，現(xiàn)以動詞clean為例列表說明：2、被動語態(tài)的句式變化：以一般現(xiàn)在時和動詞invite為例，列表說明被動語態(tài)的句式變化：3、含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞;其時態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動詞完成，be+過去分詞部分不變。如：Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石頭制造。Tables could be made of stone at that time.那時桌子可由石頭制造。(一般過去時)Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石頭制造嗎?(疑問句)三、被

3、動語態(tài)的用法：1、不知道或沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時。The bridge was built last year.這座橋是去年建造的。He was elected chairman.他被選為主席。2、 當更加強調(diào)動作的承受者時。此時動作的執(zhí)行者由by引導置于謂語動詞之后，不需要時可以省略。The room hasnt been cleaned yet.房間還沒有打掃。The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他殺死了。3、當動作的執(zhí)行者不是人時，多用被動語態(tài)。如：The window was blown by wind.窗戶被風吹開了。The whole villag

4、e has been washed away by the flood.整個村莊都被洪水沖走了。4、表示客觀的說明常用It is + 過去分詞.句型。It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.據(jù)說露茜已經(jīng)出國了。It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是個間諜。其它常見的It is + 過去分詞+ that句型還有It is reported that據(jù)報道It is said that據(jù)說It is believed that大家相信It is suggested

5、that有人建議四、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的注意事項：(1)主動句中的主語如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示人們、大家的單詞，變?yōu)橹鲃泳鋾r，通常刪去by，但原主語被強調(diào)者除外。如：They set up this hospital in 1975. This hospital was set up in 1975.這所醫(yī)院建于1975年。Only he can finish the job. 只有他能完成這項工作。The job can be finished only by him.這項工作只能由他來完成。(2)含有雙賓語，即直接賓語和間接賓語的句

6、子，每個賓語都可變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，即其被動語態(tài)有兩種形式。但多以間接賓語作主語。Jack told us the truth.杰克告訴了我們真相。We were told the truth by Jack.The truth was told (to) us by Jack.五、動詞的主動形式表示被動之意以主動形式表示被動之意的動詞多為連系動詞，如：look, feel, smell等。下列動詞沒有被動式：happen，cost，take，haveAn accident was happened yesterday.()昨天發(fā)生了一起事故。An accident happened yest

7、erday.( )The flower smells sweet.這花聞起來很香。The watch looks good.這表看起來很好。六、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)舉例(以動詞do為例)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(am/ is/ are +done)English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的許多人都說英語。Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都舉行班會。2.一般過去時(was/ were+done) The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那個男孩打碎了。He was

8、saved at last. 他最終獲救了。3.一般將來時與過去將來時(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一個演講。A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一條新馬路。4.現(xiàn)在進行時與過去進行時(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天這時，機器正在

9、被修理。The problem is being discussed now. 問題正在被討論。5.現(xiàn)在完成時(have/ has been + done)Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到現(xiàn)在為止，已經(jīng)種了二百棵樹了。The book has been read many times by me. 這本書已經(jīng)被我讀了許多遍了。6.過去完成時(had been+done)They said they had been invited to the party. 他們說已經(jīng)被邀請參加晚會了。She found the house had b

10、een destroyed by the storm. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)房子已經(jīng)被暴風雨摧毀。被動語態(tài)專項練習單項選擇1. Good books _ again and again.A. should be readed B. should be readC. must read D. ought to read2. The children _ by the nurse.A. were looked B. looked afterC. were looked after D. looked3. He _ some pieces of advice, but he _ to them.A. gave,

11、didnt listen B. was given, wasnt listenedC. give, wasnt listened D. was given, didnt listen4. When_ the accident _ ?A. was, happen B. did, happenC. is, happen D. was, happened5. The question _ by us soon.A. is going to discuss B. will discussC. is going to be discussed D. has been discussed6. The la

12、b _ about five years ago.A. was builded B. was built C. builds D. has been built7. A lot of tall buildings _ in his hometown in the last three years.A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up D. set up8. They _ printing 500 copies by the end of last month.A. had finished B. have finished C. h

13、ad been finished D. have been finished9. Rice _ also _ in their hometown.A. isgrown B. isgrew C. wasgrew D. wasgrown10. He _ by the teachers.A. is always praised B. praisesC. have been praised D. always is praised11. Great changes _ place. Many new schools_ .A. have taken, have been opened B. take,

14、are openC. are taken, open D. have been taken, are opened12. The picture_ in October, 1996.A. was taking B. had been taken C. was taken D. had taken13. We cant use the bridge now, because it_ .A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being repair14. I _the way to the railway station

15、 by a policeman.A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing15. The war_ in 1941.A. broke out B. had been broken outC. was broken out D. had broken out16. When water_ , it will be changed into vapour.A. is heated B. heating C. has heated D. heats17. We cant enter the room because its door_ .A

16、. locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking18. They _day and night.A. are made work B. are made to workC. made to be worked D. are making to work19. Changan Road is _of people.A. filled B. fill C. full D. fulled20. Man-made satellites _into space by many countries.A. was sent up B. is sent upC. hav

17、e been sent up D. has been sent up21. This English song _ often _ by the children.A. is, singing B. is, sung C. will, sing D. was, sung22.The windows of our house _once a week.A. must clean B. have cleaned C. is cleaned D. are cleaned23. When _ the Peoples Republic of China_ ?A. was, found B. was, f

18、ounded C. did, found D. does, found24. Marys radio _ by my brother just now.A. will be mended B. has mended C. was mended D. mended25. Your exercise books _ after class.A. will hand in B. must hand in C. handed in D. must be handed in26. Some trees may _ at other times of the year.A. be planted B. p

19、lant C. are planted D. will be planted27. The sun _ at night as usual.A. can be seen B. cant see C. cant be seen D. doesnt see參考答案單項選擇1. B 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. C6. B 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. A11. A 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. A16. A 17. C 18. B 19. C 20. C21.B 22. D 23.B 24. C 25.D26. A 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. B被動語態(tài)

20、專項訓練：1. Ill be going to work on foot while my bicycle-.(a) is being repaired (b) is repaired (c) will repaired (d) has been repaired2. The radar sets-for a long time without any trouble. (a) have been running (b) have been run (c) have run (d) were running3. While the ice box-, a lot of defects were

21、 found. (a) was being examined (b) was examined (c) was examining (d) had been examined4. Do you remember-to Dr. Henry during your last visit? (a) to be introduced (b) being introduced （c）having introduced (d) to have introduced5. The book if worthy of-. (a) reading (b) read (c) having read (d) bein

22、g read6. I dislike-while try to learn skiing. (a) being looked at (b) looking at (c) to look at (d) having looked at7. “Do you have any clothes-today?” my mother asked. (a) to wash (b)be washed (c) wash (d) to be washed8. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature-. (a) taking (b) to take (c

23、) take (d) taken9. Let teachers words-. (a) being remembered (b) remembering (c) he remembered (d) remember10. He has come to-. (a) checked his blood pressure (b) having his blood pressure checked (c) have his blood pressure checked (d) have checked his blood pressureKeys:A A A B D A D D C C被動語態(tài)專項訓練

24、21)It is said that a new robot _by him in a few days. A) designedB) has been designed C) will be designedD) will have been designed 2)We are late. I expect the film _by the time we get to the cinema. A) will already have started B) would already have started C) shall have already started D) has alre

25、ady been started 3) She will stop showing off if no notice_ of her. A) is taken B) takesC) will be takenD) has taken 4) Diamond _in Brazil in 1971. A) is foundB) has been found C) was found D) had been found 5)“Have you movedsintosthe new flat?”“Not yet. The room_.” A) has been painted B) is painted

26、 C) paints D) is being painted 6) My pictures _until next Friday. A) wont develop B) arent developed C) dont develop D) won t be developed 7) Tim _since he lost his job three weeks ago. A) had been unemployedB) was unemployedC) has been unemployed D) has unemployed 8) A great number of colleges and

27、universities _since 1949. A) has been establish B) have been established C) have established D) had been established 9) Ill have to push the car to the side of the road because we _if we leave it here. A) would be fined B) will be fined C) will being fined D) will have been fined 10)“_two tickets fo

28、r the new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. Shall we go and see it together?” A) They have been given B) I have been givenC) I am givenD) They have given to me 11) The subject of these lectures _by the lecture committee. A) is announced B) have been announced C) are announced D) has been announ

29、ced 12) I found an aspirin bottle _dropped on the floor of Davids room. A) wasB) hadC) had been D) is13)The goods _when we arrived at the airport. A) were just unloadingB) were just been unloading C) had just unloaded D) were just being unloaded 14) If one _by pride, he will reject useful advice and

30、 friendly assistance. A) overcomes B) is overcome C) has been overcome D) overcome 15) Most environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them _taken in the past. A) was not B) were notC) were not being D) had not been 16) You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator, now

31、 _sour. A) I smell B) it is smelt C) it smells D) it is smelling 17) After the race_, the celebration began. A) had been won B) is won C) will be won D)has been won 18) He was here for a little while, but I dont knowswhereshe _now. A) is B) was C) had been D) has been 19) The young teacher has _ com

32、petent. A) been proved to be B) proved to be C) been provedD) proved being 20) Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, _photographically in March 1930. A) discovered B) was discovered C) by discovery D) when discovered 21) To get a better view of the stage, _. A)our seats had to be changed

33、B) our seats were changed C) we had to change our seats D) our seats were changed by us 22) After synthetic_, engineers had a better choice of material. A) created B) has created C) has been created D) had been created 23) I think much attention _your pronunciation. A) must be paid to B) ought to be

34、 paid to C) must pay to D) should be paid to 24) Since 1970, millions of enthusiasts _Vitamin C, which they believe can remedy the common cold. A) have taken B) have been taken C) have been taking D) have been taking 25) I dont remember _the chance to try this method. A)shavingsbeen given B) to have

35、 been given C)shavingsgiven D) to have given 26) We could ask someone to do the work privately without it_. A) know B) be known C) being known D) to be known 27) The construction of the laboratory _by the end of next month. A) must be completed B) must have been completed C) will be completing D) wi

36、ll have been completing 28) They would tell how the African _on a ship to an American port. A) was brought B) could have been brought C) had been brought D) was to be brought 29) He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses _to Peter. A) is belonged to B) belonged C) belongs D) is belonging 30) N

37、egotiation _again with Moscow tomorrow, a great event will be discussed then. A) is to be opened B) is on the point of opening C) is going to open D) opens 31) The reason for all the changes being made _to us yet. A) has not explained B) has not been explained C) did not explained D) were not explained 32) Experiments in the photography of moving objects _in both the United States and Europe well before 1900. A) were conducting B)were conducted C) had been conducted D) had conduc