1、名詞性從句專題【知識要點】一、在句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句，它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。如：Whether he will come here or not is unimportant to me.（主語從句）I dont know what he means.（賓語從句）Im glad that you are here.（賓語從句用在形容詞之后）The teacher is satisfied with what you have done.（介詞賓語從句）That was because he was ill.（表語從句）The news that he go

2、t killed in the race surprised us all.（同位語從句）二、引導名詞性從句的連接詞連接詞詞義功能that無詞義不作成分，只起連接作用whether/if是否不作成分，起連接作用what,which什么，哪個作主語、賓語、表語who,whom,whose誰，誰的作主語、賓語、定語when,where,how,why什么時候/地方，怎么樣，為什么作狀語how many/much多少作定語how soon/often/long/much多久，多久一次，多長，多么作狀語.詞義及功能同疑問詞whatever=anything that無論什么作主語、賓語、表語、定語wh

3、osever=anyone whose無論誰的作主語、賓語、定語、表語whichever=anything that無論哪個作賓語、定語、主語、表語whoever=anyone who無論誰作主語whomever=anyone whom無論誰作賓語1.that引導的從句如果作介詞賓語只可用在except，in，but，besides等少數(shù)介詞后。I could say nothing but that Im sorry.that引導的從句可作it的同位語從句。如：You may depend upon it that all the goods will be delivered in tim

4、e.2.that引導賓語從句時可省略；引導其他名詞性從句時，一般不省略，特別是引導主語從句且位于句首時。如：That the earth is round is true.The fact that he is a thief got around.注意：下面一句中，第一個that可省略，第二個that不可省略：He said（that） he had been working here for ten years and that he wanted to go home.3.whether與if引導名詞性從句時的區(qū)別。（1）在引導賓語從句時whether與if可互換，但如果和or not連

5、用則只用whether。如：I dont know whether or not he can stay here longer.（2）如果賓語從句是否定結(jié)構(gòu)，則用if而不用whether引導。如：He asked me if I wasnt going there.（3）介詞賓語從句只能用whether引導。如：Im not interested in whether he is rich.（4）引導主語從句、表語從句或同位語從句一般多用whether。如：The question is whether you can do it yourself.The question whether

6、he will come here himself isnt decided yet.Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.（5）用it作形式主語時，whether或if都可以引導主語從句。如：It is not clear to me whether/if he likes the present.4.注意what/whatever；who/whoever；which/whichever的區(qū)別。試比較下列句子：Whoever will go to the concert please signs your name her

7、e.=Anyone who will go to the concert please signs your name here.Who will go to the concert isnt known.=Its unknown who will go to the concert.He wont believe whatever she says.=No matter what she says，he wont believe her.Whichhever toy you want is yours.=No matter which toy you want，it is yours.5.注

8、意how long/how soon/how often/how much的區(qū)別。How long will he stay here?他將在這里待多久？How soon can you be ready?你多久能準備好？How often do you visit her?你多長時間去探望她一次？How much is that dress?那件衣服多少錢？6.當主句謂語動詞表示不肯定或懷疑時，賓語從句用whether/if引導；表示有把握時用that引導。如：I doubt whether/if he can win the match.I dont doubt that he can w

9、in the match.7.what與that在引導主語從句時的區(qū)別:what引導主語從句時在從句中充當句子成分，如主語、賓語、表語，而that則不然。如：What you said yesterday is right.That she is still alive is a fact.一、主語從句主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1、it 作形式主語和it引導強調(diào)句的比較it 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導的強調(diào)句則是對句子某一部分進行強調(diào)，無論強調(diào)的是什么成分，都可

10、用連詞that。被強調(diào)部分指人時也可用who/whom。如：It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.你沒去看那場電影真是遺憾。It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.你成功與否對我沒有什么吸引力。2.用it 作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)1) It is 名詞從句It is a fact that .事實是It is an honor that.非常榮幸It is common knowledge that.是常識2) it is 形容詞從句It is natural that.很自然It is

11、strange that.奇怪的是3) it is 不及物動詞從句It seems that.似乎It happened that.碰巧It occurs to me that.突然想起.4) it 過去分詞從句It is reported that.據(jù)報道It has been proved that.已證實It is said that據(jù)說.It is believed that.據(jù)相信3.主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況1) if 引導的主語從句不可居于復合句句首。2) It is said ，(reported).結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。如：據(jù)說江主席下周要來我校視察。It is sa

12、id that President Jiang will visit our school next week.(right)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong)3)It happens.，It occurs. 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。如：他考試沒及格。It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(right)That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong)4)It

13、doesnt matter how/whether .結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。如：他是不是錯了，這一點不重要。It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.(right)Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.(wrong)5)含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前。如：傍晚有可能下雨嗎？Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)4.what

14、 與that 在引導主語從句時的區(qū)別what 引導主語從句時在從句中充當句子成分，如主語、賓語、表語，而that 則不然。如：What you said yesterday is right. 你昨天說的是對的。二、賓語從句賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞（及物動詞）或介詞之后。1.作動詞的賓語1)由that引導的賓語從句（that 通常可以省略）,如：I heard that he joined the army. 我聽說他參軍了。2)由what，whether (if)引導的賓語從句，如：She did not know what had happened.

15、她不知道發(fā)生了什么事。3)動詞間接賓語賓語從句。如：She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她跟我說她愿意接受我的邀請。2.作介詞的賓語，如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我們的成功取決于我們的合作情況。3.作形容詞的賓語，如：I am afraid (that)Ive made a mistake. 我恐怕是犯錯了。that 引導的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：anxious，aware，certain，confident，con

16、vinced，determined，glad，proud，surprised，worried，sorry，thankful，ashamed，disappointed，annoyed，pleased，hurt，satisfied，content 等。也可以將此類詞后的that 從句看作原因狀語從句。4.it 可以作為形式賓語it不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而把真正的賓語that 從句放在句尾，特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。如：We heard it that she would get married next month. 我們聽說她打算下個月結(jié)婚。5.后邊不能直接跟that從句的動

17、詞這類動詞有allow，refuse，let，like，cause，force，admire，condemn，celebrate，dislike，love，help，take，forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導的賓語從句。如：我非常羨慕他們贏得了比賽的勝利。 I admire their winning the match.(right)I admire that they won the match.(wrong)6.不可用that從句作直接賓語的動詞有些動詞不可用于“動詞間接賓語that從句“結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見的有envy，order，accuse，re

18、fuse，impress，forgive，blame，denounce，advise，congratulate等。如：作為一個誠實的人，他給經(jīng)理留下了很深的印象。He impressed the manager as an honest man.(right)He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.(wrong)7.否定的轉(zhuǎn)移若主句謂語動詞為think，consider，suppose，believe，expect，fancy，guess，imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定

19、式。如：I dont think this dress fits you well.（我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。）三、表語從句表語從句是在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語連系動詞表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞有be，look，remain，seem等。另外，常用的還有The reason is that. 和It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。如：The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.問題是我們能否在那么短的時間內(nèi)作好充分的準備。This is why

20、 we cant get the support of the people.這就是我們?yōu)槭裁吹貌坏饺嗣裰С值脑?。四、同位語從句同位語從句就是在復合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。1.同位語從句的功能同位語從句對名詞進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導。如：The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.國王作出的這名囚犯釋放的決定讓人們大吃一驚。2.同位語在句子中的位置同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。如：He got the news

21、 from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.他從瑪麗那里得知運動會要延期舉行。3.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別1) 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時在從句中作某個成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當句中任何成分。2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述它的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。如：The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告訴我的消息是湯姆

22、明年將出國。（第一個that引導的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）【考點詮釋】考點1 主語從句引導主語從句的連接詞主要有三類：連接詞that，whether；連接代詞what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；連接副詞when，where，why，how等。1連接詞that，whether引導That the college will take in more new studen

23、ts this year is true今年這所大學將招收更多新生是真的。Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance他是否能按時完成任務非常重要。2連接代詞引導What we cant get seems better than what we already have我們得不到的東西似乎比我們擁有的東西好。who the letter was from is still unknown這封信是誰寄出的還不清楚。Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize你

24、們當中第一個到達這里的人將獲得獎項。3連接副詞引導How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear針灸是如何減輕和解除疼痛的還不清楚。why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery恐龍為什么突然消失了還是個謎?？键c2 賓語從句引導賓語從句的連接詞主要有三類：連接詞that，whether，if等，連接代詞what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等，連接副詞when，where，why，how等。1連接詞that，whether，

25、if引導I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help我認為你應該向老師尋求幫助。I dont know if/whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。特別提示whether/if都意為“是否”。一般情況下，它們可以互換，口語中常用if，但以下情況中，只能用whether。(1)與or not緊接連用時。如：Let me know whether or not you can come請讓我知道你是否能來。(2)作介詞的賓語從句時。如：We are

26、 interested in whether you will attend the meeting我們對你是否參加會議感興趣。2連接代詞和連接副詞引導連接代詞有what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等，連接副詞有when，where，why，how等。如：She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class她問我班上誰的書法最好。I11 just say whatever comes into my mind我想到什么就說什么。Do you know when the ancient Ol

27、ympic Games began?你知道古代的奧運會是什么時間開始的嗎?Ive been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting我一直在考慮如何使我們的報紙更用趣。3賓語從句的語序在賓語從句中要用陳述句語序。如：He asked me when we could set out the next day他問我第二天什么時候可以出發(fā)。Did you find out where she lost her car?你查出她在哪里丟的車了嗎?4賓語從句的時態(tài)(1)當主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時時，其賓語從句的時態(tài)可以

28、是任何適當?shù)臅r態(tài)。如：She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday她說她周一至周五上班。(從句是一般現(xiàn)在時)she says(that)she will leave a message on his desk她說她要在他桌子上留個便條。(從句是一般將來時)She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei她說她從來沒有去過峨眉山。(從句是現(xiàn)在完成時)(2)當主句的謂語動詞是一般過去式時，其賓語從句的時態(tài)一般要用適當?shù)倪^去時態(tài)。如：He said there were no classes yesterday

29、 afternoon他說昨天下午沒有課。(從句是一般過去時)He said that he was going to take care of the baby他說他會去照看這個嬰兒。(從句是過去將來時)He said that they were having a meeting at that time他說他們那時正在開會。(從句是過去進行時)(3)當賓語從句是表達客觀真理和規(guī)律的句子時，其時態(tài)仍舊用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it老師告訴我們世上無難事，只怕

30、有心人。He said that light travels much faster than sound他說光比聲音傳播得快。特別提示在使用賓語從句時需要注意下面幾點：(1)動詞find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有賓語補足語時，則需要用it作形式賓語，而將that賓語從句后置。如：I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day我認為每天多喝開水是有必要的。I have made it a rule that I keep

31、diaries我每天寫日記成了慣例。(2)hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示“喜歡；痛恨；認為”的動詞或動詞短語和see to表示“注意，留意”后有賓語補足語時，需要用it作形式賓語而將賓語從句后置。如：I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food我討厭他們滿嘴食物說話。When you start the engine，you must see to it that the car is in neutral啟動發(fā)動機時，一定要使汽車的離合器處于空檔位置。(3)介詞后的賓語從句

32、。如：She is always thinking of how she can do more for others她總想著如何才能為別人做得更多。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club我們正在討論是否讓學生加入我們的俱樂部。(4)賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。將think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等動詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。如：I dont think I know you我想我并不認識你。I dont be

33、lieve he will come我相信他不回來?？键c3、表語從句常由連接詞that，whether；連接代詞who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever；連接副詞when，where，how，why引導。1連接詞引導The reason for his absence is that he hasnt been informed他缺席的原因就是他沒接到通知。The question remains whether they will be able to help us問題還是他們能否幫我們。2連接代詞和連接副詞

34、引導The problem is who will take charge of this shop問題是誰將接管這家店鋪。That is when I realized the importance of journalism那時我才意識到新聞工作的重要性。特別提示(1)as/as if/as though引導的表語從句常跟在特定動詞后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。如：It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door聽上去好像有人在敲門。At that time，it seemed as though

35、 I couldnt think of the right word當時我似乎怎么也想不出一個恰當?shù)淖盅蹃怼?2)當主句的主語是reason時，表語從句一般由that引導，這種用法常見于句型The reason whyis that。如：The reason why he came late was that he got up late他來得晚是因為起床晚了?？键c4 同位語從句同位語從句在句子中作某一名詞的同位語，一般位于該名詞之后，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。這些名詞常見的有idea，fact，news，hope，belief，thought，doubt，promise，suggestion，o

36、rder等。1通常用連詞that引導同位語從句，that無詞義，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意從句用陳述句語序。如：They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Shanghai again他們表示希望我們再去訪問上海。I have no idea that she quit her present job我不知道她辭掉了現(xiàn)在的工作。Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening答應我，你今天晚上會來參加我們的聚會。2同位語從句還可以用whether，w

37、hen，where，why，how等引導。如：The student asked me the question whether the book Was worth reading學生問了我這個問題：這本書是否值得一讀。I have no idea why he was excited at that time我不知道當時他激動的原因。 考點5 名詞性從句需要注意的事項1that的用法。在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中that一般不能夠省略；在賓語從句中有時可以省略，一般需要注意下面兩點：(1)當that從句作介詞賓語時，that不能省略。如：They share little in co

38、mmon except that they are from the same country除了來自同一個國家之外，他們幾乎沒有共同點。(2)當主句謂語動詞后接兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句時，可以省略第一個that，其他的不省略。如：I believe(that)youve done your best and that things will improve我相信你已經(jīng)盡力了，而且情況也會得到改善。2that與what的區(qū)別。that在從句中不能夠充當句子成分，也沒有含義；what可以在從句中作主語、表語、賓語或定語，意思是”什么，的事情”。如：The hope that he may rec

39、over is not gone yet他會康復的希望沒有消失。(that不充當成分，也無含義)Wht he said proved to be true他所說的話證明是正確的。(what作said的賓語，可以翻譯為“的話”)3定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。定語從句是從句對其先行詞的修飾或限制；而同位語從句是對從句前面的抽象名詞作進一步的說明和解釋。如：The news that our team has won the game Was true我們隊贏了那場比賽的消息是真的。(同位語從句，補充說明news到底是一個什么消息)The news that he told me yesterday

40、 Was true昨天他告訴我的那個消息是真的。(定語從句，news在從句中作told的賓語)I made a promise that if anyone set me free 1 would make him very rich我許諾如果誰讓我自由，我就讓他非常富有。(同位語從句，補充說明promise的內(nèi)容)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children媽媽許下了一個令她的孩子們高興的諾言。(定語從句，promise在從句中作pleased的主語)練習：名詞性從句一、判斷下列是什么從句：1. China is no lon

41、ger what it used to be.2. The truth that the earth turns around the sun is known to all.3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.6. The news th

42、at you told me yesterday was really disappointing.7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.二、用適當?shù)倪B詞填空：1. I cant decide _ dictionary I

43、 should buy.2. Thats _ he refused my invitation.3. I am very interested in _ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.4. _ we need is more time.5. The fact _ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.6. _ and _ they will meet has not been decided yet.7. Please tell m

44、e _ you are waiting for.8. Is that _ you are looking for?9. Would you please tell me _ the nearest post office is?10. I dont know _ he will agree to the plan or not.三、選擇填空：1. Do you see _ I mean?A. that B./C. howD. what2. Tell me_ is on your mind.A. thatB. whatC. which D. why3. We must stick to _ we

45、 have agreed on.A. whatB. thatC. /D. how4. Let me see _.A. that can I repair the radioB. whether -I can repair the radioC. I can repair the radioD. whether can I repair the radio5. Keep in mind _.A. that the teacher saidB. what did the teacher sayC. that did the teacher sayD. what the teacher said6.

46、 Could you advise me _?A. which book should I read firstB. what book should I read firstC. that book 1 should read firstD. which book I should read first7. He was criticized for _.A. he had done itB. what he had done C. what had he done D. that he had done 8. Would you kindly tell me _?A. how can I

47、get to the Beijing Railway StationB. how I can get to the Beijing Railway StationC. where can I get to the Beijing Railway StationD. whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station9. Mrs. Smith was very much impressed by _.A. what had she seen in ChinaB. that she had seen in ChinaC. what she had se

48、en in ChinaD. which had she seen in China10. We took it for granted _A. that they were not comingB. that were they not comingC. they were coming notD. were they not coining11. I really dont know _A. I should do nextB. what should I do nextC. what I should do nextD. how I should do next12. Im afraid

49、_.A. the little girl will have to be operated onB. that will the little girl have to operate onC. the little girl will have to operate onD. that will the little girl have to be operated on13. She walked up to _ .A. where did I stand B. where I stood C. I stood there D. where I stood there14. Can you

50、 tell me _?A. who is that gentlemanB. that gentleman is whoC. who that gentleman isD. whom .is that gentleman15. Well give you _.A. that do you needB. what do you needC. whatever you needD. whether do you need16. They want us to know _ do to help us.A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can

51、D. how can they17. We must put _ into practice.A. what we have learnedB. that we have learnedC. that have we learnedD. what have we learned18. Did she say anything about _?A. that the work was to be doneB. how was the work to be doneC. that was the work to be doneD. how the work was to be done19. He

52、 was never satisfied with _.A. what she had achievedB. had what she achievedC. she had achievedD. that she achieved20. These photographs will show you _.A. what does our village look likeB. what our village looks likeC. how does our village look likeD. how our village looks like21. Peter insisted _

53、he pay the bill.A. on thatB. whatC. thatD. on which22. They urged _ the library will open during the vacation. A. whenB. whereC. whyD. that23. We wish we could have learned _ when we were at high school.A. what you did B. that you had doneC. that what you did D. what did you do24.1 will describe to you _ I saw when there.A. whatB. thatC. which D./25. From _ I should say he is a good worker.A. what 1 know of himB. that I do know of himC. what do I know of himD. that do I know of him26. I will give this dictionary to _ wants to have it.A. whomever B. anyon