1、高考總復習：with復合結(jié)構(gòu)和獨立主格1. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _ them.A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows2. The party will be held in the garden, weather .A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit3. The country has already sent up three unmann

2、ed spacecraft, the most recent _at the end of last March. A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched4. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_, he gladly accepted it.A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finishing 5. Come on, pleas

3、e give me some ideas about the project.Sorry. With so much work my mind, I almost break down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled6. _two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.A. Besides B. With C. As for D. Because of 7. I couldnt do my homework with all that nois

4、e _. A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on8. They started off late and got to the airport with minutes to _.Aspare Bcatch Cleave Dmake1. B。with后接非謂語復合結(jié)構(gòu)，pet dog和follow構(gòu)成主謂關系，用following。2. A。此處主句的主語party 和weather不一致，所以weather保留，作permitting的邏輯主語，構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。另外，weather與permit之間是主動關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：如果天氣

5、允許，聚會將在花園舉行。3. B。此句前后句沒連詞，只有逗號是不能連接兩個句子的，所以后邊the most recent _ at the end of last March就是獨立主格的形式了，在句中做伴隨狀語。4. A。and連接前后兩個并列句。在后一個句子中，with結(jié)構(gòu)為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，對于finish的邏輯主語his work來說，是“被完成”，而且不能用謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，選用過去分詞表示被動關系。5. B。在句子中，with結(jié)構(gòu)為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，對于fill的邏輯主語too much work來說，是主謂關系，而且不能用謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，選用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動關系。6. B。從句子的結(jié)構(gòu)看這里必須要填一

6、個介詞，而不能填連詞，“as for” 意思是“至于、關于”；because of意思是“由于、因為”，其后不能跟復合結(jié)構(gòu)，所以不能選擇C和D。在所給的選項中只有with才符合構(gòu)成“ with + n. / pron. + to do ”結(jié)構(gòu)。句意是：由于擔心這兩門考試，本周末我得真的用功了。7. A?！皐ith+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞”作賓語補足語,在句中作couldnt do my homework的原因狀語.而all that noise與 go on在邏輯上是主謂關系，而且強調(diào)動作正在進行，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞做賓語補足語。8. A。此題考查“with+賓語+不定式”作賓語補足語，在句中作結(jié)果狀語。

7、而minutes與to spare在邏輯上是主謂關系，而且強調(diào)動作沒有完成，所以用不定式做賓語補足語。知識講解with復合結(jié)構(gòu)with復合結(jié)構(gòu)是由“with+復合賓語”組成，常在句中做狀語，表示謂語動作發(fā)生的伴隨情況、時間、原因、方式等。其構(gòu)成有下列幾種情形：帶介詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)He was asleep with his head on his arms.The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand.We sat on the dry grass with our backs against the wall.帶現(xiàn)在分詞的

8、復合結(jié)構(gòu) I wont be able to go on a holiday with my mother being ill.With winter coming on, its time to buy warm clothes. （As winter comes on, its time to buy warm clothes.）注意：with和as都譯為“隨著”，但是with為介詞，后接分詞結(jié)構(gòu)；as為連詞，后接從句。Ann fell asleep with the light burning.With the price of gold going up, South Africas

9、economy was good.with + 名詞 (或代詞) + 過去分詞， 過去分詞和前面的名詞或代詞是邏輯上的動賓關系。The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. （伴隨情況）I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.（伴隨情況）She had to walk home with her bike stolen.（原因狀語）with + 名詞 (或代詞) + 動詞不定式，不定式表示將發(fā)生的動作。With

10、nothing to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out. （原因狀語）With no one to talk to, John felt miserable.（原因狀語）With a lot of work to do, he wasnt allowed to go out.（原因狀語）with + 名詞 (或代詞) + 形容詞I like to sleep with the windows open.（伴隨情況）With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one itll rain p

11、resently.（原因狀語）With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy. （原因狀語）With his father well-known, the boy didnt want to study. （原因狀語）with + 名詞 (或代詞) + 介詞短語With the children at school, we cant take our vacation when we want to.（原因狀語）The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.（行為方式）

12、with + 名詞 (或代詞) + 副詞He fell asleep with the light on.（伴隨情況）The boy stood there with his head down.（伴隨情況）With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. （原因狀語）獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)非謂語動詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語應該是句子的主語。但有時非謂語動詞帶有自己的主語，從而在結(jié)構(gòu)上與主語不發(fā)生關系，我們稱之為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。其實，所謂“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”也并非真正獨立，它還是一種從屬的結(jié)構(gòu)。在獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，非謂語動

13、詞和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關系或動賓關系。不定式“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”在“邏輯主語+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，動詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關系。這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可用一個從句或并列分句來表達。An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to he

14、lp.（借助于一些舊零件，他要做一個飛機模型。）They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. (他們道別后，一個回了家，一個去了書店。）-ing形式“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”表示時間的-ing形式作“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”：Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.（Everyone being ready相當于一個時間狀語從句When everyone was ready)The chairman began the meeting

15、, everyone being seated. （The chairman began the meeting相當于一個時間狀語從句after everyone was seated）表示原因的-ing形式作“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”：The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. （The boy leading the way相當于一個原因狀語從句Because the boy led the way）Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous.（Many ey

16、es watching him相當于一個原因狀語從句As many eyes were watching him）表示條件的-ing形式作“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”：Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week. （Time permitting相當于一個條件狀語從句If time permits)My health allowing, I will work far into the night.（My health allowing相當于一個條件狀語從句If my health allows）表示方式的-ing形式作“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”：The stu

17、dents are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.（each wearing a card in front of his chest相當于一個并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest）The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky. （his eyes looking at the sky相當于一個并列分句and his eyes were looking at t

18、he sky）含有being的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：It being National Day today，the streets are very crowded. = As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded.There being no further business to discuss, we all went home. = As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.There being nothing else to do, I

19、went to bed. (表示原因）There having been no rain, the ground was dry. (表示原因）There being another chance, Ill do it better.（表示條件）下列兩種情況下，獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being（或having been）不能省略：獨立主格的邏輯主語是代詞時。 It being Sunday, we went to church. 在There being名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中。 There being no bus, we had to go home on foot. -ed形式“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”與邏輯主語+

20、動詞的-ing形式一樣，如果-ed形式的邏輯主語和句子的主語不一致的話，就需要用-ed形式的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it. （獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作原因狀語，The book written in simple English相當于一個原因狀語從句 As the book was written in simple English） He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the black

21、board. （獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作方式狀語）= He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.他上課專心聽講，眼睛緊盯著黑板。The task completed, he had two months leave. （獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作時間狀語，The task completed 相當于When the task had been completed, he had two months leave.） 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)三種形式比較動詞不定式表示動作沒有發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生，動詞-e

22、d形式表示動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束，動詞-ing形式往往表示動作正在進行。The manager looks worried，many things to settle. 經(jīng)理看上去很著急, 有這么多的事情要處理。（事情還沒有處理，而且是由經(jīng)理本人來處理，用不定式to settle）The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 許多事情已經(jīng)處理好了，經(jīng)理看上去很輕松。（事情已經(jīng)處理好了，用動詞-ed形式settled表示動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束）The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV. 小孩一邊做飯，一邊看電視。（

23、兩個動作同時進行）The food cooked, the boy went to bed. 飯做好了，小孩去睡了。（兩個動作有先后，飯已做好，小孩才去睡覺的）名詞/主格代詞+形容詞。An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive.（那架飛機遭遇了空難，無一人生還 。）So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. (這么多人缺席，會議不得不取消。）名詞/主格代詞+副詞。 He put on his sweater wrong side out. (他把毛衣穿反了。）The

24、 meeting over, they all went home. (會議一結(jié)束，他們就都回家了。）名詞/ 主格代詞+介詞短語。The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. （男孩們進了教室，手里拿著書。）Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. (瑪麗靠近火爐坐著，背對著門。）獨立主格特點獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有所有格形式。The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主編來了，我們開始開會。(比較動名詞復合結(jié)構(gòu)：The chief-editors arriving made us very surprised. ）獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作時間或原因狀語時，可用完成時，表示該動作發(fā)生在謂語之前。The listeners having taken their seats, the concert began. 聽眾坐好后，音樂會開始了。Tom having been late over and over, his boss was very disappointed. 由于湯姆一再遲到，他的老板非常失望。某些表示說話人態(tài)度的一些慣用分詞表達，它們在用作狀語時其邏輯主語可以與句子主語不一致