1、The Past Participle as the Attribute,過去分詞作定語，在語態(tài)上表被動；在時間上表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成，與它所修飾的名詞有邏輯（意義）上的動賓關(guān)系。,1. 過去分詞作定語的含義,a. 及物動詞的過去分詞，具有被動和完成的意義,a broken cup a wounded soldier,a cup which is broken,a soldier who was wounded,a grown woman a retired officer,a woman who has grown,a officer who has retired,b. 不及物動詞的過去

2、分詞，具有主動和完成意義。,B: Yes. And we had canned fish, smoked sausages, cakes made by our teacher and fresh apples picked from the orchard. We also played a lot of games there. B: Indeed, to our delight, we helped a lost boy to find his mother.,單個的過去分詞作定語時，位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞前面；,過去分詞短語作定語時，位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。,單個過去分詞,過去

3、分詞短語,2. 過去分詞作定語位置,已升起的太陽,有組織的旅行,a risen sun,an organized trip,單個過去分詞和形容詞修飾 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等不定代詞時,也要放在這些詞后面。,nothing reported something important something else,過去分詞作定語的作用相當(dāng)于定語從句，二者可以轉(zhuǎn)換。, a letter written in pencil the book borrowed by Jack,= a letter which

4、was written in pencil,= the book which was borrowed by Jack,3. 過去分詞作定語和定語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換,4. 形容詞性化過去分詞作定語,常見的有：amazed, embarrassed, disappointed, excited, encouraged, bored, interested, tired, worried, surprised, satisfied, pleased, moved, frightened等。,The _ children were opening their presents.,A. excited B.

5、exciting C. excite D. excites,excited,過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,1.語態(tài)不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，及物動詞的過去分詞表示被動。,an inspiring speech,the inspired audience,鼓舞人心的演說,受到鼓舞的觀眾,the falling leaves,落葉（正往下落的）,落葉（已經(jīng)落到地面的）,the fallen leaves,2. 時間關(guān)系不同：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，多表示“動作正在進行”或“與謂語同時進行”或“經(jīng)常性”。 過去分詞作定語，則多表示分詞動作“先于位于動詞表示的動作”或“沒有一定的時間性”, Do you know

6、the boy _(lie) under the big tree? He is a leader_ (respect) by the people.,lying,respected,3.及物動詞的過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式都可以表示“被動”，但前者多表示一個完成了的動作，而后者則表示一個正在進行的動作.,the problem discussed yesterday the problem being discussed,已經(jīng)發(fā)生，完成,正在發(fā)生,Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarket

7、s has caused heated debate among citizens. (2011江蘇) A. compared B. comparing C. compares D. being compared 解析：compare的動作是survey發(fā)出的，現(xiàn)在分詞短語做后置定語。,高考解析,The ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself. (2011湖南) A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed 解析：本句意思是：表達觀點的能力和這個觀點本身一

8、樣重要。the ability to do sth.“做某事的能力”，固定短語，故此處用動詞不定式作后置定語。,Tsinghua University, _ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. (2011福建) A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded 解析：句中的主語Tsinghua University與found構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，可選C、D；再根據(jù)時間1911年可知found動作已經(jīng)完成，故用過去分詞。此句中過去分詞短語作后置定語。,1. The

9、players _ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. (湖南 2011 ) A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected 2. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps _ from the library. （2010 課標(biāo)全國卷） A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing,3. Im calling to enquire about the position _ in yesterdays China Daily. （北京2010） A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised 4. A great number of students _ said they were forced to practise the piano. （四川2010） A. to question B. to be questioned C. questi