1、高三英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法系列訓(xùn)練,主謂一致的測(cè)試熱點(diǎn),新世紀(jì)中學(xué)高三英語(yǔ) 郭中倫,主謂一致是指句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的致。我們一般遵從三個(gè)原則： 1、 語(yǔ)法一致的原則： 語(yǔ)法一致的原則是指主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與其相呼應(yīng)。但我們要注意一些特殊情況； 1）以along with, together with, with, as well as, accompanied by, rather than, but, except 連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)以第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)為主。例如： Several passengers, together with the driver, were hurt. 2）

2、表示時(shí)間，重量，長(zhǎng)度，價(jià)格等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)從整體來(lái)看時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如： Fifty years is not a long time. 3） 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，從句或其他短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 例如： Early to bed and early to rise is healthful. 4）如果主語(yǔ)是由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞，但前面有each, every, no 等詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。例如： Every boy and girl in this region is taught to read and write.,2、 意義一致的原則： 意義一致的原則指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單

3、復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的概念，而不取決于表面的語(yǔ)法標(biāo)志，主要表現(xiàn)為某些集體名詞后可跟動(dòng)詞單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。如果這些集體名詞指整體概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指具體成員時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： The population of the earth is increasing very fast. 類似這樣的集體名詞有： family, class, audience, committee （委員會(huì)）, crowd, crew, group, party, population, team, public, council （理事會(huì)）, village等。,3、 就近原則： 所謂就近原則是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于離它

4、最近的詞語(yǔ)，而無(wú)須考慮其他的詞。 1） 以eitheror, or, neithernor和not onlybut also連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與離謂語(yǔ)最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。例如： Either you or he has to go there with me. 2） 由there或here引起的主語(yǔ)，而又不止是一個(gè)時(shí)，采取就近原則。例如： Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.,主謂一致的測(cè)試熱點(diǎn),1由 many a 或 more than + 單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。 Many a forei

5、gner has been to the Great Wall. More than one student has visited the exhibition. 2“的幾分之幾”和“的百分之幾” 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)取決于 of 后的名詞。 Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. 40 percent of the students in our class are girls. 3“a number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)； “ the number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 A numb

6、er of pupils like reading picture-books. The number of the students in our class is 55.,4并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，這時(shí) and 后面的名詞前沒(méi)有冠詞。 The secretary of the Party branch and director of that factory often works with the workers. 5成對(duì)的名詞，如bread and butter涂黃油的面包，soda and water汽水，coffee and milk加牛奶的咖啡

7、，aim and end目的，salt and water鹽開水等，雖然有and連接，但仍表單一概念，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 A knife and fork is on the table. 6由 and 連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)的前面分別有each, every或no修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。 No student and no teacher is invited to the party. In our country every boy and every girl has right to receive education.,7主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，其后跟有together with, alon

8、g with (與一道)，as well as (和；也)，no less than (和一樣)，rather than (而不)，以及with, not, like, but, except, besides, including 等引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。 He as well as his sister is a League member. 8在定語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)是關(guān)系代詞who, that, which,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)一致。 I, who am your teacher, will teach you everything I know. 9主語(yǔ)是一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形

9、式的名詞，如clothes, trousers, glasses, compasses, scissors, shoes, socks, gloves等時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。但這類表示成雙的東西的名詞前有a pair of修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 My trousers are being washed now. There is a pair of shoes in the box.,10表示度量、價(jià)格、時(shí)間的復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)一般被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。 Ten dollars is not enough. Three months has passed since he left. 11

10、主語(yǔ)是以-ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞以及news, works (工廠)等都屬形式復(fù)數(shù)，而意義單數(shù)的名詞，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。另外means一詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形應(yīng)視具體情況而定。 Mathematics seems to be difficult to learn. A new means of teaching is being used in that school. 注：學(xué)科名詞前如有物主代詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)常用復(fù)數(shù)。 My mathematics are week. 12主語(yǔ)是用作書名、劇名、報(bào)紙名、國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)形式。 The United States is a develope

11、d country.,13主語(yǔ)是family, team, group, crowd, class, committee等集合名詞時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式，如指的是全體人員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 His family are all music lovers. 14“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語(yǔ)從句”之前有the only, the very, the等限定詞和修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 She is the only one of these women who plays the violin. 15主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)代詞who, what, which,不定代詞a

12、ll, more, most, any, none等以及名詞half, part, the rest等既可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義又可表示單數(shù)意義，其謂語(yǔ)視情況而定。 Half of the visitors are from Europe. Half of the fruit is bad.,16主語(yǔ)是表示數(shù)量的“one and a half +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。主語(yǔ)是“one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，其謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 One and a half bananas is left on the table. There are one or two things Id like to

13、 know about. 17the +形容詞或分詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如指一類人。其謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，如指抽象概念，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如： The rich are not always happy. The new is sure to replace the old. 18由not only but also, neithernor, eitheror, not but以及or連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與最靠近它的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。 Not only your fathers friends but also your father likes smoking.,19在倒裝句中以及在There be 結(jié)構(gòu)

14、中，如主語(yǔ)是并列的，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往和其后面的第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)取得數(shù)上的一致。 Where is your mother and younger sister? There is a pen , two pencils and five books on the desk. 20主語(yǔ) people 作“人們，人民”解時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，作“民族”解時(shí)，有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。 Our people is a great one. There are 56 peoples in China. 21主語(yǔ)是a / this / that kind of +名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)指的不是一種而是多種，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

15、 This kind of cloth feels soft. There are different kinds of animals. 22主語(yǔ)是“each of ”，“neither of ”，“either of ”，“one of”等時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 Each of them has his own duty.,23陳述部分用everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one或 no +復(fù)數(shù)名詞等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，反意部分用they。而陳述部分用everything, something, noth

16、ing, anything時(shí)，反意部分代詞則采用單數(shù)，用it。 Somebody is waiting for you, aren they? Everything is all right, isnt it? 24動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。 When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet. 25用引號(hào)的詞語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)第三人稱。 “I” is the ninth letter of the English Alphabet. 26在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中如被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子的主語(yǔ)，則who或that 后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)和主語(yǔ)一致。 It is Mike who always helps me study maths after class .,27wish后接賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，無(wú)論主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用were。 I wish I were ten years younger. 28police, cattle等集