1、1,Past perfect tense,2,The present perfect tense:,Have / has + the past participle,I have received a letter from Lily recently.,Has he handed in her homework yet?,He has just gone to Beijing.,They have never been to the USA.,We have lived here for ten years.,3,past perfect tense,過去完成時由had +過去分詞構(gòu)成 表示

2、過去的過去生的動作,構(gòu)成方式:,肯定句: had+動詞的過去分詞,否定句: had not+ 過去分詞,一般疑問句:had+ 主語+ 過去分詞,肯定回答: Yes, 主語+ had. 否定回答: No, 主語+ hadnt.,4,基本用法:,1. 過去完成時表示在過去某時或某個動作之前發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)或表示經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)驗.,(1) 我說自從你搬到這兒以來媽媽一直為你的懶惰 而生氣.,(2) 我到達電影院之前電影早已經(jīng)開始了.,I said mother had been angry about your laziness since we moved here.,The film had b

3、egun before we got to the cinema.,5,2. 過去完成時表示過去某一時間以前開始一直延續(xù)到那個時間并可能延續(xù)下去的動作。常和by或since, for引導的表時間的從句或短語連用,但必須要與一個表示過去時的動作相對照.,1. 他來我們學校之前已經(jīng)在那所學校工作了三年.,2. 當Millie到達電影院的時候, 電影已經(jīng)開始了半個小時了.,3. 自從他離開南京我們就一直沒有見過面.,He had worked in that school for three years before he came to our school.,The film had alrea

4、dy been on for half an hour when Millie got to the cinema.,We hadnt seen each other since he left Nanjing.,6,3. 過去完成時表示在某一動作之前已經(jīng)完成的動作. 過去的時間由before, after, when引導的時間從句表示出來.,1. 我在你回來之前就已經(jīng)把晚飯準備好了.,2. 當我趕到學校時, 已經(jīng)開始上課了.,3. 在我到家之前他已經(jīng)走了.,I had finished cooking dinner before you came back.,The class had be

5、gun when I got to school.,He had left before I got home.,7,4.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞引導的賓語從句中，一般用過去完成時。 1. 她說她從來沒有去過巴黎。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 2. 我覺得我以前見過他。 I thought that I had seen him before. 3. Tom說他借了這本書兩周了。 Tom said he had borrowed the book for 2 weeks.,kept,8

6、,5. 表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示“原本，未能”。 1.結(jié)果比我們想象的要好。 The result was better than what we had expected. 2. 我們期望你會來的，但是你沒有來。 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.,9,試作比較：,昨天我見到王先生了自從他離開北京我們就一直未曾見過面。 I saw Mr. Wang yesterday. We had not seen each other since h

7、e left Beijing. 自從他離開北京我們就一直未曾見過面。 We have not seen each other since he left Beijing.,試比較： 1. 我在這工作已經(jīng)五年了。 2. 到2005年8月，我在這工作已經(jīng)五年了。,10,過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別,現(xiàn)在完成時表示的動作發(fā)生在過去, 但側(cè)重對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響,與現(xiàn)在有關(guān). 其結(jié)構(gòu)為”助動詞have/has+過去分詞”; 過去完成時則是一個相對的時態(tài), 它所表示的動作不僅發(fā)生在過去,更強調(diào)”過去的過去”,只有和過去的某時或某動作相比較時,才用到它.,到目前為止我已經(jīng)學會了3000個單詞.,到

8、那時我已經(jīng)學會了3000個英語單詞.,I have learned 3000 English words so far.,I had learned 3000 English words till then.,11,過去完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別,1. 時間狀語不同過去完成時在時間上強調(diào)“過去的過去”，而一般過去時只強調(diào)過去某一特定的時間 They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. (說明不到點就在車站了） They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. (說明點到車站的）,12,2) 在沒有明確

9、的時間狀語做標志時，謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的時間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷，先發(fā)生的用過去完成時，后發(fā)生的用一般過去時,I had finished my homework before my mother came back.,在媽媽回來前，我已經(jīng)把作業(yè)寫完了。,13,) 當兩個或兩個以上的動作用and或but連接時，按時間順序只需用一般過去時代替過去完成時；另外在引導的從句中由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示時間的先后，因此也可以用過去時來代替過去完成時 He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. I (had) ca

10、lled her before I left the office.,14,More practice,When I arrived there, they_(leave) already. The film_(start),when we got to the cinema. I _(read) the book before I started school. They thought that they_(try) their best. The poor girl never saw her grandpa because he _ (pass away) before she was

11、 born. I _ (not realize) she wasnt Chinese until she spoke.,had left,had started,had read,had tried,had passed away,hadnt realized,15,選擇填空 ( )1.- “Did you see Tom at the party?” -“No, Mary told me that he _ by the time I got there.” A. left B. was leaving C. had left D. has left ( )2. He said that h

12、e _ his lunch yet. A. hadnt had B. hasnt had C. wouldnt have D. was having ( )3. By the end of last year we _ each other for ten years. A. have known B. knew C. were knowing D. had known ( )4. I saw Li Lei yesterday. We hadnt seen each other _ I left Beijing. A. after B. before C. since D. until,c,A

13、,D,c,16,( )6. I learned_ the city for a long time. she has been in B. she has gone to C. she had been in D. she had gone to ( )7. He said that he _ a cold for three days. A. has B. had caught C. had had D. has got ( )8. I saw Kate with a new radio in her hand yesterday, but she told me she_the radio

14、 for ten days. has bought B. had bought C. has had D. had had,c,c,D,17,( )9. The film _ when I got there. A. has begun B. had already started C .began D. have already begun ( )10. The film _ for ten minutes when we got to the cinema. A. had already been on B. had already begun C. have already been o

15、n D. have already begun,A,B,18,1. 他來我們學校之前已經(jīng)在那所學校工作了三年.,2. 當Millie到達電影院的時候, 電影已經(jīng)開始了半個小時了.,3. 自從他離開南京我們就一直沒有見過面.,He had worked in that school for three years before he came to our school.,The film had already been on for half an hour when Millie got to the cinema.,We havent seen each other since he l

16、eft Nanjing.,4. 到上學期末,我們已經(jīng)學歷4000多個單詞.,By the end of last term, we had learnt over 4,000 words.,19,5. 我們完成這項工作比預料中的時間要早的多.,6. 貝爾在30歲前發(fā)明了電話.,We finished the work much earlier than we had expected.,Bell had invented the telephone before he was 30.,The young couple had lived here for three years before

17、he moved in the residential quarter.,7. 在他搬進這個小區(qū)(residential quarter)之前,那對夫婦已經(jīng)在這兒住了三年了.,20,More practice: He told me he _(meet) her before. She thanked me for what I _(do) for her son. I _(learn) 300 words by the end of last month. He _(leave) his office when I arrived there. She _(visit) the city three times before she died in 1997. They knew she _(borrow) a lot of