1、.,1,高三英語語法 （十二） 虛擬語氣,.,2,一.虛擬語氣的類型 1、實(shí)際意義上的虛擬語氣。 They talked as if they had been friends for years. 2、虛擬語氣形式。 The order was that we (should) stay where we were.,.,3,二.實(shí)際意義上的虛擬語氣 1、小小順口溜 虛擬語氣并不難, 從句時(shí)態(tài)都提前, 主句would加在前，注意動詞要還原。 （省略if要倒裝） e.g. 1）If I were in your shoes, I would accept the terms. 2） If we

2、 had left earlier, we wouldnt have missed the train. 3） I wish I were as clever as you,.,4,2、虛擬語氣在條件句中的應(yīng)用,.,5,此表中需要注意幾點(diǎn)： 1be動詞在表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的從句中一般用were。在非正式情況下，第一、第三人稱后偶爾也用was。如： If he were/was you, he would go at once. 2主句中的should通常用于第一人稱，would, could以及might可以用于各種人稱。 3在表示與將來事實(shí)相反的條件句中，只能用should，而不能用woul

3、d, could和might等。如： If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. （should rain也可以用rained, were to rain代替）,.,6,4、主句和if條件句時(shí)態(tài)不一致（單獨(dú)虛擬）。如： If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now. If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work.,.,7,含蓄條件句 有時(shí)

4、為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過其他手段來替代條件句。 1用介詞短語替代條件句。常用介詞有with, without, but for等。如： We couldnt have succeeded without your help(=If we hadnt got your help). What would you do with a million dollars? But for the rain（=If it hadnt been for the rain）, we would have finished the work.,.,8,2. 假設(shè)的情況又是

5、可以通過上下文或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來。如： 1）He would have given you more help, but he has been ill. 2）I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the parade.( if I hadnt been ill,) but, otherwise連接的兩個(gè)并列的分句存在單獨(dú)虛擬現(xiàn)象，即：一個(gè)分句為虛擬句，另一個(gè)分句為真實(shí)句。,.,9,3）It would be a mistake not to help him.( It would be a mistake if we

6、 didnt help him.) Anyone in her position would have done the same. 有些句子相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件從句，謂語也可用虛擬語氣。 4）Suppose we told her the truth. 5）Imagine your child played truant.,.,10,省略if的情況 如果從句中含有系動詞、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞（were, had, should或could ）時(shí)，可省略if，把從句中的were, had或should或could提到其主語前形成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如： Had we made(=If we had made) a

7、dequate preparations, we might have succeeded. Were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty. Should there be a flood, what should we do?,.,11,3、實(shí)際意義上虛擬語氣在其它從句中的應(yīng)用 （從句時(shí)態(tài)都提前） wish后that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中。如： I wish I were as clever as you. I wish he would try again. （表示與將來事實(shí)相反） as if（though

8、）引導(dǎo)的表語從句或方式狀語從句中。如：He looks as if/though he were an artist.,.,12,would rather后的賓語從句中。 （would rather后不能加that。） 從句謂語用一般過去時(shí)來表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪龅南喾吹氖虑椋眠^去完成時(shí)來表示與過去發(fā)生的相反的事情。如： Id rather you didnt go there.(與將來相反） Id rather we had a rest now. （與現(xiàn)在相反） Id rather you had been here yesterday. （與過去相反） If only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中。如：

9、 If only I were a bird. （我要是只鳥就好了。）,.,13,三.虛擬語氣形式 1)復(fù)合句中含有 suggest, advise, recommend, propose, (建議、安排） demand, require (request), ask, urge, desire, (要求、渴望） insist, order（堅(jiān)持、命令） 等,以及其派生詞 （如：suggestion, adviceidea) 復(fù)合句中所含有的名詞性從句中的謂語動詞要用should do, should 可以省略。如： The doctor suggested/insisted that she

10、 (should) stay in bed for a few days. We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) give up the plan.,.,14,注意：當(dāng)suggest作“暗示、表明”講，insist作“堅(jiān)持說”講，即堅(jiān)持事實(shí)是怎樣時(shí)，后邊that從句不用虛擬語氣。如： Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. The look on his face suggested that he was angry.,.,15,2) 在It is + 形容詞(necessa

11、ry, important, natural, strange, etc. ) + that從句中，從句中的謂語動詞要用should do, should 可以省略。如： Its necessary that we (should) clean the room every day. 3）在It is/was a pity（a shame, no wonder, etc. ） + that從句中，從句中的謂語動詞要用should do, should 可以省略。如： It was a pity that our team should lose the game. 當(dāng)然上面2) 、 3)兩類的that從句中也可以不用虛擬語氣，而用陳述語氣。如： It is strange that he