1、非謂語充當句子成分的區(qū)分,主語-Ving&to do,To do:具體的某一次動作或?qū)韯幼鳎瑥娬{(diào)的是動作的本身。 Ving：一般的，抽象的，泛指的概念或一個已經(jīng)完成的動作，強調(diào)的是事情本身。 試辨析： To visit China is my next goal. To look after these naughty boys is really difficult. Climbing mountains is great fun. Collecting stamps can enlarge ones knowledge.,賓語-to do& ving,1）相差不大的類型 Like, ha

2、te, begin, start, prefer, continue等。 After a short rest, she started working/to work. I prefer walking/to walk to school. Despite the difficulties, we continued doing/to do the research. 2）相差很大的類型 Try, regret, forget, remember, mean等。 Try to do sth 盡力做某事 try doing sth試著做某事 He tried to stand up but f

3、ailed. Lets try telling him about the sad news. regret to do sth對將要做的事感到抱歉或遺憾，regret doing sth對已發(fā)生的事感到遺憾或后悔 I regret to tell you that I cant come, I really regret missing/ have missed his lecture. forget to do sth 忘記去做某事 forget doing sth 忘記了做過的事情 remember to do & remember doing sth mean to do sth打算做

4、某事 mean doing sth意味著做某事 I meant to buy some bread, but I forgot. Wasting time means killing life.,介詞的賓語,介詞的賓語一般由動名詞充當，獨立的不定式一般不能作介詞的賓語，但“疑問詞+不定式”可以。 試辨析 She devoted her whole life to teaching. I hope you can get used to living here as soon as possible. He gave me advice on how to quit smoking. Were

5、talking about where to set up a school shopping center.,表語,不定式和動名詞作表語相當于一個名詞作表語，含義是回答主語“是什么”； 表示一定的概念，具有名詞的性質(zhì)，不定式與動名詞互換。 My hobby is collecting/ to collect ancient coins. My part-time job is teaching/ to teach yoga in school. 表示具體的，個別的動作，或含有將來含義時，一般用不定式. The plan is to set aside a day for the interv

6、iew. My wish is to find a part-time job this summer. Our aim is to help the old lead a happy life. 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語相當于形容詞作表語，含義是回答主語“怎么樣”。 現(xiàn)在分詞表示自身的性質(zhì)，過去分詞表示外因使之具備的性質(zhì)或特征。 Your speech is very encouraging. The story is very moving. I was disappointed at this decision. The child was frightened to see the d

7、og. 試辨析 1、His job is to paint the walls. 他的工作是粉刷這些墻 2、His job is painting walls. 他的工作是粉刷墻,定語,不定式表示未發(fā)生的動作，或通常發(fā)生的動作，一般放在被修飾詞后面。 The next thing to do is to encourage Mary to walk on. The school to be built next month is intended for disabled children. He is always the first to come and the last to leav

8、e. 動名詞作定語，一般表示用途，一般放在被修飾詞的前面 A walking stick a measuring tape a washing machine a reading room 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動 單個分詞作定語往往放在被修飾詞前面，分詞短語多置于被修飾詞后面 Fallen leaves falling tree changed situation changing situation Developed country developing country boring meeting broken cup The man reading the newspape

9、r there is our English teacher. The English spoken in America is a little different from that in English., to be done(to do一般被動)：即將被做 being done（動名詞一般被動）：正在被做 done（過去分詞）：已被做完，或表示完成 having been done（現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動）：非限定定語，逗號與被修飾詞隔開。 試辨析 The question to be discussed tomorrow involves pollution. The question

10、being discussed now involves pollution. The question discussed yesterday involves pollution. The question, having been discussed for many years, involves pollution.,定語-注意事項,1)現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式一般不做定語，除非為非限定性定語(having done, having been done) The question having been discussed for many years has now been solved

11、. The question discussed(=which has been discussed) for many years has now been solved. The question, having been discussed for many years, has now been solved. 2)短暫性動詞的ing形式一般式一般不可以作后置定語。 Most of the people being invited to the party were famous scientists. Most of the people invited to the party w

12、ere famous scientists. 3)being+adj不能單獨作后置定語 Anyone being fit for this job can sign your name here. Anyone(who is) fit for this job can sign your name here.,狀語,To do 在作為結(jié)果狀語一般表示出乎意料的情況，常見結(jié)構(gòu)有tooto, enough to等。不定式前可以加only作強調(diào)。 Ving現(xiàn)在分詞作為狀語主要表示一種順其自然的情況（前面是后面的原因） 試辨析 He left home, never to return. We arr

13、ived there only to find the meeting over. The rain lasted a week, causing great damage. The pop star didnt turn up, disappointing all her fans. The room are all large enough to take a third bed.,done, being done, having been done作為狀語的區(qū)別 being done（動名詞一般被動）：表示伴隨狀語，一般被done取代 done（過去分詞）：已被做完，或表示完成 havi

14、ng been done（現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動）：強調(diào)主句動作已經(jīng)完成，或已經(jīng)持續(xù)一段時間的動作或狀態(tài)，如果不強調(diào)時間先后，或動作持續(xù)，直接用done 試辨析 The boy was running along the street, (being)followed by a dog. (Being) Led by the local guide, we went further into the forest. Brought up abroad, he knows little about his hometown. Having been well tended for half a yea

15、r, the patient became far better.,補足語,to do VS Ving 現(xiàn)在分詞 Ving現(xiàn)在分詞說明賓語的正在進行的動作或賓語的特性 To do表示的是動作的整個過程 I saw him enter the hall. I saw him walking into the hall. done VS to be done (不定式被動一般) Done強調(diào)動作的結(jié)果， To be done 強調(diào)動作的過程 （但是在want, wish, desire, like, expect, would like, would prefer等表示意愿的動詞后的賓補如果用to

16、 be done,省略to be，從而使句子的語氣更顯得堅決） 試辨析 We would like all the walls(to be) painted white. I dont like such things (to be )discussed this way. Every one of us would expect our salaries(to be) raised. We all dont want the land (to be) built on.,1. My daughter stopped screaming immediately and looked up at

17、 me with tears _(roll) down her cheeks.,1rolling句意：我女兒馬上就停止了尖叫，抬頭看著我，淚水順著她的臉頰滑落。這里使用了with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的名詞tears 與動詞roll 是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式,I have learned a lot about Asian customs, _(live) in the small village for three years in the early 1990s.,2. having lived句意：20世紀90年代，我在這個小村莊里居住了三年后對亞洲的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣了解了很多。非謂語動

18、詞的邏輯主語是I，與live 之間構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，同時根據(jù)for three years 可知，應(yīng)用完成時態(tài)。,_ (please) with the effect of the color change, the woman smiled with satisfaction.,3Pleased句意：這位女士對顏色變化的效果感到很高興，滿意地笑了。此處非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是the woman，與please 之間構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞Pleased。,_(take) according to the instructions, the medicine will work for your

19、 headache.,4Taken句意：按照說明書服藥，這個藥會對你的頭疼起到作用的。the medicine 與 take 之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用take 的過去分詞形式。,The measures I suggested _ (improve) the air quality have been adopted by the government.,6to improve分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為The measures 的后置定語，因此使用不定式形式。the measures to improve the air quality 表示“提高空氣質(zhì)量的措施”。I suggested 為定語從句

20、，修飾先行詞The measures，解題時不要受suggest doing 短語搭配的干擾。,The document film _ (release) next week aims at introducing local cultures to the world.,7to be released此處為非謂語動詞做后置定語，且film 與release 之間為被動關(guān)系，根據(jù)句中時間狀語next week 可知表示將來的動作，故用不定式的被動形式。,All the passengers, please put the trash and waste in the plastic bags _(provide) on your right.,10provided句意：各位乘客，請把垃圾和廢物放進給你們提供的塑