1、FOREIGH LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS AIR FORCE ENGINEERING UNIVERTISY,1,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,Our task must be to free ourselves from this prison by widening our circle of compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature in its beauty. Albert Einstein,2,8,UNIT,I am in favor of animal rig

2、hts as well as human rights. That is the way of a whole human being. Abraham Lincoln,2,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,Section A,2,Animals or children ? A scientists choice,Objectives,3,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,Animals or children? A scientists choice,Section A,4,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,Animals or children? A scientists choice,Section A,5,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,1. Did y

3、ou have a pet before? How did you treat your pet?,As your best friend and family member Take good care of them even they were sick Never abandoned or ignored when they are getting older,Short answer questions,6,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,2. Should animals be treated in the same way as human beings? Should scientific e

4、xperiments use animals to develop medicines to help and heal human beings? What do you think about the experiments on animals?,Cursed, cruel and non-humanitarian experiment To help and heal human beings To help people get rid of pain To develop the medical research,Short answer questions,7,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,8

5、,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,1. How did the American treat animals?,To spend thousands of millions of dollars every year; On animal food, health care, equipment and toys; Care so deeply for them; Brave the disaster to stay with them Animal welfare organizations provide services,9,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,2. What is PETA?,An animal righ

6、ts organization; For the ethical treatment of animals; The headquarters in Norfolk,Virginia; To save and improve the lives of millions of animals; The largest animal rights group in the world,10,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,This is the VOA Special English Education Report.,Listen to a short passage concerning animal med

7、ical research and fill in the missing information.,To be continued,PETA disapproves of the use of animals for _. But many research scientists say this position could prevent development of treatments and cures for serious and _.,medical research,deadly diseases,11,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,To be continued,Wesley Smit

8、h is a lawyer allied with the Discovery Institute, a _educational group. He has written extensively about science and _. Mister Smith points to the Silver Spring Monkey Case as an example of _ policy. Last year, he wrote on the subject for the online publication of the National Review. His article w

9、as called A Monkey for Your Grandmother.,Listen to a short passage concerning animal medical research and fill in the missing information.,nonprofit,ethics,harmful,12,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,To be continued,He noted the _ of victims of Alzheimers disease. This disease _ mainly older people. It steals their ability

10、to think and care for themselves. Animals are often used in research on such _.,Listen to a short passage concerning animal medical research and fill in the missing information.,suffering,strikes,brain disease,13,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,The American Veterinary Medical Association is an organization of doctors who c

11、are for animals. The A.V.M.A. agrees with some _ taken by animal rights groups. But the association also says it cannot accept policies that conflict with what it calls _ animal use for human purposes.,Listen to a short passage concerning animal medical research and fill in the missing information.,

12、positions,responsible,14,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,15,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,What is the animal research? And why?,To use animals in experiments; To research the new drugs; To improve the success rate of surgeries; To keep the people healthy and happy; To help the patients and dying people ,16,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,2. Why did animal rights activ

13、ists ban on animal testing?,Cruel and inhumane, animals should be free; Unreliable, different between people and animals; Computers can also be programmed ; Break the ecological balance.,17,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,3. Why did physician scientists conduct the animal experiments?,To relieve the eternal suffering of pe

14、ople; To understand the process and test new therapies; Most experiments on human beings will fail; To accelerate the process of medical research; The research of simulated effects on computer is of little value ,18,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,Animals or children? A scientists choice,Section A,19,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,According to t

15、he text, why did the author become a childrens doctor? (Para.1),love and supreme desire to keep them healthy and draw the author to medical research.,The text is an _, the purpose of which is to convince readers by using good _ and strong _. The author, through writing this essay, argues for his rig

16、htfulness of doing _.,argumentative essay,reasons,evidence,animal research,20,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,Part I (Para. 1),The author was _of being cruel to animals since his top desire is only to keep children healthy with _based on _.,wrongly accused,medical advances,animal research,21,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,For career advancement,

17、Tortuer innocent animals,No moral compass,devil,How did animal rights activists describe the researchers? (Para.2),accuse,22,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,What did physician scientists do? (Para.3),Be unbelievably uncaring Allow them to creep in “animal fraud” and hatred,Persist in our belief Importance of animal researc

18、h for public health,What Should be done?,Respond to the emotional tone by,23,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,Part II Paras. 2-3,This part unfolds the current situation of animal-rights movement. Firstly, animal rights protectors distort the truth by accusing the physician. The author also criticizes the indifference of the

19、 public, senators and even the people who worked in the medical field.,24,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,To Leave medical research standstill,Most of experiments on human beings will fail,What are the first three reasons to relieve the eternal suffering of human beings ? (Para.4),To improve and test new therapies on anima

20、l research,Reasons (3),25,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,The optional fourth choice by computer imitation (Para. 5),Advice?,Possible benefits?,Can computer model exchange the actual experiments ?,computer models which suggested by animal rights activists are of little value.,26,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,What are the terrifying effects of a

21、rresting the animal research? (Para.6),Drugs to cure infections will remain undiscovered.,Surgical and diagnostic techniques will be developed.,Fundamental biological processes will remain mysteries.,undeveloped.,27,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,What results did animal research help us to achieve ?(Para.7),Tips,To fight

22、against the serious sicknesses, such as _, _ and _. To operate the most complex surgical procedures, such as _ and _.,heart disease,high blood pressure,stroke,heart or hip surgery,organ transplantation surgeries,28,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,Part III Paras. 4-7,As the main part of the essay, it provides compelling rea

23、sons to justify the necessity of doing animal research. It emphasizes why doing animal research is so indispensable, and warns that stopping animal research will cause significantly negative effects.,29,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,How about the present situation of human beings in American today ?(Para.8),30,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,Wh

24、at is the authors attitude ?(Para.9),Tips,We should arouse the majority to protect the future of animal research, and oppose the misdirected minority.,31,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,Part (Paras.8-9) conclusion of the essay,The author is trying to make his _ be heard and also his most worried concern. He urges the publi

25、c to _ put an end to the nightmare to cease animal research.,final appeal,take actions to,32,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,I am wrongly accused of doing animal research since my top desire is only to keep children healthy with medical advances based on animal research. (Para. 1),Introduction,33,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,Animal rights acti

26、vists distort my medical research and accuse me of being a physician without moral limits. (Paras. 2-3),Introduction,Current situation of the animal-rights movement,34,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,Introduction,Current situation of the animal-rights movement,Reasons to justify the necessity of animal research,To relieve

27、the eternal suffering of human among the possible three reasons. (para.4),The optional 4th choice from animal activists is using computer model, but its of no value (Para. 5),The terrifying effects of arresting animal research will only be felt years or decades later. (Para. 6),Our current combat ab

28、ilities against sickness are mostly based on previous animal research. (Para. 7),35,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,Introduction,Current situation of the animal-rights movement,Reasons to justify the necessity of animal research,Conclusion,36,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,Human rights vs. animal rights I am wrongly _ of doing animal research si

29、nce my _ is only to keep children healthy based on animal research. Although the animal-rights activists _ the truth. The politicians give in to the _ of animal rights advocates, even the people working in the medical field let animal rights activists _.,twist,accused,supreme desire,To be continued,

30、creep in,lobbying,37,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,They _the issue as one of “_” and_. To relieve the _ of human beings, animal research is the best choice to understand the process and _, more than that hoping accidental discoveries will _. Whats more, the optional fourth choice is _ the animal experiments by computer m

31、odel. Its _.,move us forward,hatred,animal fraud,test new therapies,of little value,To be continued,frame,eternal suffering,imitate,38,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,The studies what are along with subsequent _ will actually end if animal research is severely _. I would never _ needless cruel treatment of animals. the rea

32、l question _ the importance of the _ and protect its future.,advances,restricted,advocate,is aware of,animal experiment,39,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,40,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,使天平（向某人或物）傾斜,(Personality / talent / kindness / quirkiness / tip the scales),Personality, talent, kindness, and maybe even quirkiness, may tip the scales.,tip

33、 the scales,短語逆譯,短語應(yīng)用,人格，才藝，親和力，甚至于奇謀詭詐的手段，都有可能成為加重分量的砝碼。,意群提示,41,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,與有關(guān),(latest findings/ to a great extent),The researchers hope the latest findings will have relevance to people to a great extent.,have relevance to,短語逆譯,短語應(yīng)用,研究者們希望這些最新發(fā)現(xiàn)和人類有很大的關(guān)聯(lián)。,意群提示,42,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,漸漸影響，逐漸改變,(feelings o f unce

34、rtainty and doubt),When feelings of uncertainty and doubt start to creep in, I face those feelings directly and ask myself how can I learn from this to better myself?,creep in,短語逆譯,短語應(yīng)用,當(dāng)不確定感和疑惑開始逐漸侵襲，我直面那些感覺，然后問自己，我怎樣才能從這些感覺中獲得更多收獲？,意群提示,43,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,以的名義,(in the name of / democracy ),Soldiers in the

35、 name of democracy, let us all unite!,in the name of ,短語逆譯,短語應(yīng)用,戰(zhàn)士們以民主的名義，讓我們團(tuán)結(jié)起來！,意群提示,44,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,作貢獻(xiàn),( make a contribution to ),Everyone should make a contribution to protecting the environment.,make a contribution,短語逆譯,短語應(yīng)用,每個人都應(yīng)該為保護(hù)環(huán)境做貢獻(xiàn)。,意群提示,45,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,意識到；明白；知道,(heart disease / be aware of),T

36、he researchers say if people want to avoid heart disease, they should be more aware of how much sugar is in their food.,be / become aware of,短語逆譯,短語應(yīng)用,研究人員表示：人們?nèi)绻胍A(yù)防心臟病，就應(yīng)該更加清楚的認(rèn)識到食物中的含糖量。,意群提示,46,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,與隔離；孤立,(for the sake of / isolate from),For the sake of the safety of all, this patient should

37、 be isolated from other patients.,短語逆譯,短語應(yīng)用,為了大家的安全，這個病人應(yīng)該與其他病人隔離開。,意群提示,isolate sb. / sth. from,47,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,48,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,當(dāng)原理本身有問題時，就跟正處于研究階段的復(fù)雜的生物系統(tǒng)的情況一樣，僅靠計算機(jī)模擬的成效甚微。,原句譯文,逆譯練習(xí),When the principles themselves are in question, as is the case with the complex biological systems of human life under study

38、, computer modeling alone is of little value.,句型提煉,49,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,When sth. is in question, as is the case with, sth is of little value.,句型提煉,應(yīng)用提示,用于表達(dá)“當(dāng)某事有問題時，跟某種情況一樣 ”,句型應(yīng)用,50,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,典型例句,當(dāng)人們自身意識比較淡薄時，就像目前汽車市場高居不下的購買數(shù)量，僅靠政府出臺的環(huán)保政策收效甚微。,意群提示,When the peoples own consciousness is in question, as is the

39、 case with the high purchases of auto market, depending only on the environmental protection policy of the government is of little value.,(own consciousness / depend on / environmental protection policy ),51,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,危險的是，那些善意的政治家匆忙作出決定，策略性地滿足了那小部分大聲疾呼的示威者，這只是權(quán)宜之計，而這些決定的后果和造成的破壞性影響要很久才會顯現(xiàn)。,原句譯文,逆譯練習(xí),

40、There is the danger that quick decisions by well-meaning politicians will create resolutions to diplomatically satisfy the small minority of loud protestors while the consequences and damaging impact of those decisions will not be apparent until long after.,句型提煉,52,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,There is the danger / risk

41、 that, while,句型提煉,應(yīng)用提示,用于表達(dá)“由于某種情況導(dǎo)致的嚴(yán)重結(jié)果” 。,句型應(yīng)用,53,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,(involve in/ ecological environment / influence on ),典型例句,可怕的是，當(dāng)人們用動物進(jìn)行醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的時候卻沒有意識到將會破壞生態(tài)平衡，最終影響到我們的下一代。,意群提示,There is the risk that the people who are involved in animal research wont realize the damage to the ecological environment whil

42、e the consequence will influence on our younger generation.,54,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,因此，真正的問題是我們能否喚起大多數(shù)漠不關(guān)心的民眾來保護(hù)動物實(shí)驗(yàn)的將來，以反對嗓門很大，但卻是被誤導(dǎo)的少數(shù)群體。,原句譯文,逆譯練習(xí),Hence, the real question is whether an uncaring majority can be aroused to protect its future against a loud, but misdirected, minority.,句型提煉,55,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,Hence, th

43、e real question / problem is whether but ,句型提煉,應(yīng)用提示,用于表達(dá)“人們應(yīng)該面對的真正問題”。,句型應(yīng)用,56,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,(basic news evaluation standard / impartiality of objective news ),典型例句,因此，真正的問題是我們能否喚起大多數(shù)沒有基本新聞評判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的受眾人群來維護(hù)新聞消息的客觀公正性，以反對影響面很大，但卻是被誤導(dǎo)的少數(shù)媒體。,意群提示,Hence, the real question is whether majority who dont have the basi

44、c news evaluation standard can be aroused to maintain the impartiality of objective news against some influential, but misdirected, minority media.,57,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,58,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,59,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,60,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,61,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,Yes, absolutely. Advancement of science necessitates animal research. It manifests that drug expe

45、rimentation on live mammals is far more effectual than experimentation on bacteria or on other lower species in testing drug safety. Secondly, in space research, live animals are still the only viable alternative to humans in testing living creature reaction to outer-space experience on a flight not

46、 considered to be sufficiently safe for human astronauts.,1. Do you think animal research is necessary and meaningful ? and why?,to be continued,62,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,2. How did we reduce the harm to animals ?,I concede that experiments upon animals may induce suffering to the test animals. However, I am convi

47、nced that there are no feasible alternatives to this methodology at the current stage of scientific development. On balance, I think that we should allow animals testing to be continued but at the same time use techniques such as analgesic, anesthetic and tranquilizing drugs to minimize the pain inf

48、licted upon the test animal and augment the general welfare of these animals.,to be continued,63,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,Animals were friends or foes of humanity at different times of the human history. It is such a complicated relationship between human and animals. In the entire ecosystem of the earth, human cant

49、 live without animals. Human rise to the top of the food chain subsisting harmonious with animals. The integrity of ecological species is also important to the development of humans future.,3. What is the relationship between human and animals?,64,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,65,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,First, there are three stages for

50、 us to understand the earthings(生物). We all live in the earth, there are no sexism(性別歧視), racism(種族歧視) and speciesism(物種歧視), included all creatures and human beings. Humans are not the only creature in the earth and share the resource with any other animal.,to be continued,What is the conflict betwe

51、en animal rights activists and physician scientists?,66,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,Second, the term of vivisection(活體解剖) is called medical experiment by the living animals, they called it medical science. The reason is to discover the essential methods of curing the humans disease. There are two mistakes here, one is

52、the effectiveness(有效性) of this way, another is different reaction between human and animals.,What is the conflict between animal rights activists and physician scientists?,to be continued,67,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,Third, is this the exemplify the most extreme racist theories(極端種族主義) of Nazi as same as the human sl

53、aughter(屠殺) animals? The creatures shouldnt measure by man, they are another nations, what should we do?,What is the conflict between animal rights activists and physician scientists?,68,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,Animals or children? A scientists choice,Section A,69,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,Learn how to write an argumentative essay：T

54、o write an argumentative essay must provide specific and convincing evidence that supports the thesis statement. A writing mode that reqiures critical thinking and analytical skills. We also need to use the solid evidence and facts to support the viewpoints such as statistics, quotes from experts, a

55、nd specific examples. You can follow these steps:,to be continued,70,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,to be continued,Step 1: choose a position. Know the purpose of your essay, and be clear about which side of the issue you are going to write and what solution you will offer.,Step 2: analyze the audience. Decide if your rea

56、ders are going to agree or disagree with your position. Think about possible opposing viewpoints.,Step 3: research the topic. A persuasive essay must provide specific and convincing evidence. Often it is necessary to do some research on the topic,Step 4: structure the essay. Figure out what evidence

57、 you will include and in what order you will present the evidence. Remember to consider your purpose and your audience.,71,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交流,Learn how to write an argumentative essay：To write an argumentative essay must provide specific and convincing evidence that supports the thesis statement. A writing mod

58、e that requires critical thinking and analytical skills. We also need to use the solid evidence and facts to support the viewpoints such as statistics, quotes from experts, and specific examples. Please take a look at the chart below to see how you can organize the details with this pattern :,to be continued,72,PPT學(xué)習(xí)交