1、主謂一致,Agreement,主謂一致,句子的主語(yǔ)有單復(fù)數(shù)及人稱的變化，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的不同而有所變化。即：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上必須保持一致。 她的夢(mèng)想已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了。 Her dreams _ come true. Her dream _come true. 從以上兩個(gè)例句可以看出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞隨主語(yǔ)的數(shù)而變化。,have,has,她(他)常常搭公車上學(xué)。 She/He often goes to school by bus. 他們常常搭公車上學(xué)。 They often go to school by bus.,主謂一致,主謂一致,他（她）是老師。 He/She is a t

2、eacher. 他們是老師。 They are teachers.,主謂一致,語(yǔ)法一致 意義一致 就近原則 隨前原則,語(yǔ)法一致,（1）主語(yǔ)是and，bothand連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu) 如果主語(yǔ)指的是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 在中國(guó)的這個(gè)地方既種稻子又種小麥。 Both rice and wheat _ grown in this part of China. (be) 我媽媽和我已看過這部電影。 My mother and I have seen the film.,are,The gift is used to have western meals. What is it?,a

3、knife and fork,A knife and fork_ used to have meals.,is,a singer and dancer,The singer and dancer _ on the stage.,is,注意：由and連接的并列主語(yǔ)前面分別有each，every，no修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country. 在我國(guó)每一個(gè)男女孩子都得受教育。 師生沒有被邀請(qǐng)參加晚會(huì)。 No student and no teacher _,語(yǔ)法一致,was in

4、vited to the party.,語(yǔ)法一致,（2）主語(yǔ)后面接說明主語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)后面接說明主語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ)如 with，along with，together with，as well as，like，rather than，but，except，besides，including，in addition to，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受修飾成分的影響，仍保持同主語(yǔ)一致的關(guān)系。 就遠(yuǎn)原則 那位老師和兩個(gè)學(xué)生受邀參加了會(huì)議。 The teacher with two students _. 這個(gè)姑娘和男孩子一道，已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了開汽車。 The girl as well as the boys _.,was i

5、nvited to the meeting,has learned to drive a car,All the people except the driver _to talk and laugh. A. was encouraged B. were encouraged C. was encouraging D. were encouraging,一個(gè)有5000冊(cè)書的圖書館作為禮物贈(zèng)送給了國(guó)家。 A library with five thousand books _ (offer) to the nation as a gift. 電郵和電話在日常的通信中起著很重要的作用。 E-mai

6、l, as well as telephones, _ daily communication. 只有簡(jiǎn)知道這個(gè)秘密。 Nobody but Jane _ 當(dāng)Mary走進(jìn)房間時(shí)，除了一個(gè)人外所有人都在聊天。 All but one _ when Mary entered the room.,is/was offered,plays an important part in,knows the secret.,were talking,語(yǔ)法一致,語(yǔ)法一致,（3）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或從句作主語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 (動(dòng)詞的-ing形式、不定式)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)形式。 我們這里需要的是資金。 What

7、we need here is money 什么時(shí)候在什么地方建新工廠還沒決定。When and where to build the new factory _. 核實(shí)事實(shí)是非常重要的。Checking information_.,has not been decided yet,is very important,語(yǔ)法一致,學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)不容易。 Learning English is not easy. 誰(shuí)會(huì)來還不清楚。,Who will come is not clear.,語(yǔ)法一致,（4）each和復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ) each和some/any/no/every十body/one/thin

8、g構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞anyone、anybody、anything、everyone、everybody、everything、someone、somebody、something、no one、nobody、nothing、each、the other作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 沒有一個(gè)人知道這答案。 有人想見你。 箱子里有什么東西嗎? 他們每一個(gè)人在學(xué)校都表現(xiàn)良好。 Each of them _. They each _.,behaves well at school,behave well at school,Nobody knows the answer.,Someone wants t

9、o see you.,Is there anything in the box?,語(yǔ)法一致,（5）“many a +單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ) many a(很多)/more than one(不只一個(gè))+單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 很多學(xué)生去過北京。 Many students have been to Beijing. Many a student has been to Beijing. 你的問題不只有一個(gè)答案。 There is more than one answer to your question. 不只一個(gè)顧客在這家店受到了不好的對(duì)待。 More than one cust

10、omer was treated badly at the store.,語(yǔ)法一致,（6）one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞十定語(yǔ)從句”之前有the only，the very，the等限定詞和修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 他是這三年來唯一的一個(gè)獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的學(xué)生。 He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years 湯姆是唯一的一個(gè)愿意幫助那個(gè)老人的男孩。 Tom is the only one of those boys who is willing to help t

11、he old man. 注意：如沒有這些限定詞和修飾語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 湯姆是那些樂于助人的男孩之一。 Tom is one of the boys who are willing to help others.,語(yǔ)法一致,（7）由兩個(gè)部分組成的物體名詞作主語(yǔ) 有些由兩個(gè)部分組成的物體名稱如glasses(眼鏡)，scissors(剪刀)，shorts(短褲)，shoes(鞋子)，trousers(褲子)等作主語(yǔ)，其后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 His glasses _ broken yesterday, so he cant see well. (be) His trouser

12、s _ made of cotton. (be) 注意:若這類名詞前帶有pair等表示單位的名詞時(shí)，則以這些名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定動(dòng)詞的形式。 兩條褲子不見了。 Two pairs of trousers _ missing. 這雙鞋上星期賣出去了。 This pair of shoes was sold out last week .,were,are,are,Exercises,1. Reading English papers and magazines _helpful to our study of English. (is/ are) 2. Whether he comes or

13、not _ of no matter. (is /are) 3. To say _ one thing; to do _another. (is/are) 4. Listening, speaking, reading and writing _four skills for English study. (is/are) 5. Where to find the plant and what to do with it _still the problems to settle. (is/are),is,is,is,is,are,are,二、意義一致。 集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)， 也

14、可用復(fù)數(shù)，主要由句子的意思決定。 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時(shí)用單數(shù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體中的個(gè)體 的用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有audience, team, people, family, class, police, crowd, team, government等。 His family is going out. 他們?nèi)乙獬觥?His family are all music lovers. 他們?nèi)叶际且魳窅酆谜摺?The group _ made up of nine students.,The group_ dancing happily.,is,are,The team _ some good players.

15、 (have) The team _ handsome. (be),has,are,1.由集體名詞,如group, family, class, government, team, public, enemy, crowd, audience, club, party, crew等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果看成一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,如果看成其中各成員，則用復(fù)數(shù)形式. His family is very large.他家是一個(gè)大家庭。 His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音樂愛好者。,意義一致：,Choose the correct verb form to com

16、plete the following sentences.,1.The research group (is, are) made up of five people.,2.What (do, does) the group want for their lunch?,3.Our family (is, are) not poor any more.,4.He has to worry. His family (is, are) waiting for him.,5.The class (is, are) more than forty in number.,is,do,is,are,is,

17、6.The class (have, has) disagreed among themselves about where they should go and have a picnic.,7.The government (has, have) spent more than two million yuan in planting trees.,8.The city government ( has, have) different opinions about next years plan.,have,has,have,注意：但集體名詞為 people, police, cattl

18、e等在多數(shù)情況下謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。,9.The police_ (is, are) searching for the thief.,are,表示一類人的 “the +形容詞(分詞)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The sick in the accident have been taken to the hospital. The lost have been found.,表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、度量等名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不管單復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如： Thirty years is not a long time. 30年的時(shí)間并不長(zhǎng)。 Two hours is enough for

19、 me to finish the work. 兩個(gè)小時(shí)對(duì)我來說完成這項(xiàng)工作足夠了。,三、就近原則 如果連詞or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，如果一個(gè)是單數(shù)，一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致。如： 不是你瘋了就是我瘋了。,Either you or I am mad.,Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music.,Not only the teacher but also the students enjoy listening to the music.,在表存在的there be 句式中，主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列名詞（短語(yǔ)），be的形式與最近的一個(gè)名詞（短語(yǔ)）保持一致。 There is a pen, two pencils and several books on the desk. =There are two pencils, a pen and several books on the desk. =There are several books, a pen and two pencils