1、Past perfect tense,had + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 (p.p.),定義：,過去完成時(shí)：,表示在過去的某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。即：過去的過去。,1.在老師進(jìn)入教室前, 李磊擦了黑 板.,LiLei _ (clean) the blackboard by the time the teacher came into the classroom.,had cleaned,2. 當(dāng)我們到那兒時(shí)火車已經(jīng)離開了。,The train _ (leave) when we arrived there.,had left,構(gòu)成：,“過去的過去（ past-in-the-past

2、）”。,past in the past,past,now,過去完成時(shí)的判斷依據(jù):,由“過去的過去”來判定。,過去完成時(shí)表示“過去的過去”，先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用過去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用一般過去時(shí)。,When I got to the station, the train had already left.,After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.,first,first,過去完成時(shí)的否定形式： 過去完成時(shí)的疑問形式：,主語had nothadnt+ p.p.+其它.,Had+主語p.p.+其它?,按要求改寫下列句子 Simon had

3、finished his homework before he watched TV. 否定句： 疑問句： 肯定回答： 否定回答：,Simon hadnt finished his homework before he watched TV.,Had Simon finished his homework before he watched TV?,Yes, he had.,No, he hadnt.,用法,與什么時(shí)間狀語連用？,與過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有： （ 1 ） by + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。 如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclo

4、ck last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。 如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。 如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.,賓從中的用法,賓語從句中 當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的 動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過去完成時(shí)。 1. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的

5、賓語從句。如： She said that she had seen the film before.,2. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示“原本” We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.,固定句式,It was the first time + that等一些固定句型中。 It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.,2. hardly.when., no s