1、四級考試閱讀技巧 句子與段落匹配題,作文（30分鐘）,翻譯（30分鐘）,聽力（30分鐘）,選詞填空（7分鐘）,深度閱讀（20分鐘）,長篇閱讀（13分鐘）,共130分鐘,40分鐘,作文(15%),翻譯15%,聽力(35%),選詞填空5%,深度閱讀20%,35%,長篇閱讀10%,共710分 及格 425分,篇章后附有10個句子，每句一題。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求找出與每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能對應(yīng)兩題，有的段落可能不對應(yīng)任何一題。 三個及三個以上的句子對應(yīng)一個段落的情況沒有出現(xiàn)過。,長篇閱讀的文章基本都是專業(yè)題材的文章，可能會覺得很陌生，不要求完全理解只要求能夠通過略讀或

2、查讀的方式找到題干的信息并根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容相比做出正確選擇。只是有題干和答案簡單的同義詞替換 。,選材來源,New Scientist Newsweek The New York Times Time The Washington Post,體裁方面 題材方面,議論文 說明文 新聞評述 記敘文,人文科學(xué) 自然科學(xué),題型歸納,細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題，文字上和原文一樣。（最簡單） 同義轉(zhuǎn)述題，即文字上換了同義的表達(dá)。（簡單） 細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，即句子是從原文某個細(xì)節(jié)推斷出來。（較難） 段意歸納題，即句子是某段文字意思的歸納。 （較難）,閱讀步驟:Step1（0.5-1min）,第一步：閱讀文章標(biāo)題和文章重要部位了解文章

3、內(nèi)容 （Skimming） 1、文章標(biāo)題 2、首段第一句話 3、末段第一句話和最后一句話 如果句子是非概括性的句子則不看。 主要目的是了解topic和attitude,Example,簡單瀏覽文章標(biāo)題和文章重要部位，用時越短越好。大致了解文章內(nèi)容。（Skimming） Title：TV Linked to Lower Marks First sentences in First Paragraph: The effect of television on children has been debated .Now three new studies First Sentence in Las

4、t Paragraph: Lucas puts the responsibility for squarely on parents.,第二步：分析題目+查讀（scanning） 1）分析題目 找出題目中的關(guān)鍵詞和定位詞。 關(guān)鍵詞是指題目簡化后的中心詞，最能表示出句子的含義。 定位詞是題目中的專有信息或特殊信息(數(shù)字、時間、地點(diǎn)、人物、特殊字體和特殊符號等），它能幫助定位到具體的段落。,閱讀步驟:Step2（12min）,1.人名定位 2.地點(diǎn)定位 3.數(shù)字定位 4.事件定位 5.現(xiàn)象定位 6.動作引語定位 7.對象定位 8.專有名詞定位 9.修飾語定位 10.主題定位,閱讀步驟:Step2（

5、12min）,標(biāo)紅為關(guān)鍵詞，下劃線為定位詞 1. According to Borzekowski, children having chances to use a family computer are likely to acquire better results on the different tests. 2. The reports issued in the Archives of Pediatrics This fall, it will add classes from Wellesley, Georgetown and the University of Texas.

6、In all, 12 universities participate in EdX, Which offers certificates for course Completion and has said that it plans to continue to expand next year, including adding international schools.,I The EdX assessment tool requires human teachers, or graders, to first grade, 100essays or essay questions.

7、 The system then uses variety of machine-learning techniques to train itself to be able to grade any number of essays or answers, or automatically and almost instantly. The software will assign a grade depending on the scoring system Created by the teacher, whether it is a letter grade or numerical（

8、數(shù)字的） rank. J EdX is not the first to use the automated assessment and technology, which dates to early computer in the 1960s. There is now a range of companies offering commercial programs to grade written test answers, and four states-Louisiana, North Dakota, Utah and West VirginiaAre using some fo

9、rm of the technology in secondary schools, A fifth, Indiana, has experitmented with it. In some cases the software is used as a secondary reader, to check the reliability of the human graders.,K But the growing influence of the EdX consortium to set standards is likely to give the technology a boost

10、. On Tuesday, Stanford announced that it would work with EdX to develop a joint educational system that will make use of the automated assessment technology. L Two start-ups, Coursera and Udacity, recently founded by Stanford faculty members to create massive open online courses, or MOOCs, are also

11、committed to automated assessment systems because of the value of instant feedback. It allows students to get immediate feedback on their work, so that learning turns into a game, with students naturally, gravitating（吸引）toward resubmitting the work until they get it right, said Daphne Koller, A comp

12、uter scientist, and a founder of Coursera.,M Last year the Hewlett Foundation, a grant-making organization set up by one of the Hewlett Packard founders and his wife, sponsored two $100, 000 prices aimed at improving software that grades essays and short answers. More than 150 teams entered each cat

13、egory. A winner of one of the Hewlett contests, Vik Paruchuri, was hired by EdX to help design its assessment software. N One of our focuses is to help kids learn how to think critically, said Victor Vuchic, a program officer at the Hewlett Foundation. Its probably impossible to do that with multipl

14、e-choice tests. The challenge is that this requires human graders, and so they cost a lot more and they take a lot more time. .,O Mark. D. Shermis, a professor at the University of Akron in Ohio, supervised the Hewlett Foundations contest an automated essay scoring and wrote a paper about the experi

15、ment. In his view, the technologythough imperfecthas a place in educational sightings. P With increasingly large classes, it is impossible for most teachers to give students meaningful feedback on writing assignments, he said. Plus, he noted, critics of the technology has tended to come from the nat

16、ions best universities, where the level of teaching is much better than at most schools. Q Often they come from very famous institutions where, in fact, they do a much better job of providing feedback than a machine ever could, Dr. Shermis said. “There seems to be a lack of appreciation of what is a

17、ctually going on in the real world. ,(46)Some professionals in education are collecting signatures to voice their opposition to automated essay grading. (47) Using software to grade students essays saves teachers time for other work. (48) The Hewlett contests aim at improving essays grading software

18、. (49) Though the automated grading system is widely used in multiple-choice tests, automated essays grading is still criticized by many educators. (50) Some people dont believe the software grading system can do as good a job as human graders.,(51) Critics of automated essay scoring do not seem to

19、know the true realities in less famous universities. (52) Critics argue many important aspect of effective writing cannot be measured by computer rating programs. (53) As the class size grows, most teachers are unable to give students valuable comments as to how to improve their writings. (54) The a

20、utomated assessment technology is sometimes used to double check the work of human graders. (55) Students find instant feedback helps improve their learning considerably.,如何提高閱讀技能,如何快速有效的閱讀 1）閱讀時注意力要高度集中，不可走神，要有良好的心理素質(zhì)，千萬不能有畏難情緒。即看到生詞不緊張不退縮，因?yàn)橐粋€句子中的一兩個生詞一般不會影響你對這個句子的60%到70%的理解 2）視域要寬 每一眼看的詞要盡量的多。我們閱

21、讀表面是用眼睛看，實(shí)際是用腦子讀，眼睛只是起了照相機(jī)鏡頭的作用。努力使自己的眼睛變成“廣角鏡”，把盡可能多的詞能一眼“盡收眼底”。 (一眼掃過去，看一行也就兩秒，大概了解講的是什么就過，不要糾結(jié)細(xì)節(jié)),3）意群要長 在每個視幅中不是讓你把很多的單詞都收進(jìn)腦子，而是要善于從中攝取有意義的詞組，這個有意義的詞組就是意群。 快速閱讀者是半句或一句句地讀。視幅大大加寬，停頓的間隙少而短，獲取的都是有意義的詞組，因而理解全句或全段就能做到水到渠成,如何提高閱讀技能,如何提高閱讀技能,以意群閱讀舉例： Successful improvement of your reading depends upon

22、your eagerness to improve and your willingness to practice. 如果你一個一個詞來讀這句話, 你的視線就要在每個詞上都要停留一次, 影響閱讀速度, 單個詞本身是不會產(chǎn)生任何意義的，只有與其他詞聯(lián)系起來，才能構(gòu)成一定的意義，即將單個的詞語按照自然的語法和意義關(guān)系組織起來 構(gòu)成一定意義的這一組詞，就是意群（idea units or meaningful units） 。閱讀時以意群為單位，而不是以詞為單位來理解吸收。,如何提高閱讀技能,如果以意群為單位, 即： Successful improvementof your readingdep

23、ends uponyour eagernessto improveand your willingnessto practice. 這樣, 你的視線是在每個詞組上停留, 停留次數(shù)減少,意義比較連貫,即使你的視線在詞組上停留的時間要比在一個單詞上停留的時間稍微長一些, 但因?yàn)橐饬x容易理解, 總體時間還是要比前者短, 而且閱讀質(zhì)量提高了。 其實(shí)，我掃讀這段話時，我入心的只是紅色部分&看這段話的時間只需要兩秒,如何提高閱讀技能,詞組越長, 閱讀速度越快： Successful improvement of your readingdepends uponyour eagerness to impro

24、veand your willingness to practice. 這樣閱讀的效果是你感覺閱讀時, 你的視線在跳躍, 你的腦子來不及將英語翻譯成中文, 就已經(jīng)理解了。 其實(shí)說太多技巧也沒用，這些技巧適合我卻不一定適合你，你需要理解總結(jié)！適合自己的才算好嘛但一目十行真的是原則！,附：意群的具體劃分,現(xiàn)將句子劃分意群的一般原則歸納如下： 1名詞詞組 1）冠詞+名詞， 例：a country 2）名詞+名詞， 例：coumrade Li 3）指示代詞+名詞， 例：this book 4）形容詞+名詞，例：natural science 5）作形容詞用的名詞或分詞+名詞，例： New Years Day the working class,這部分你看看就行，只能算是參考 做閱讀沒有那么多原則。自己讀著習(xí)慣就好！,附：意群的具體劃分,6）數(shù)詞+名詞， 例：thirty-two note-books 7）數(shù)詞+數(shù)詞， 例：223-two hundred and twenty-three 8）不定代詞+名詞， 例：some ink,附