1、,ISO 14001:2015環(huán)境管理體系,換版培訓(xùn) 王一南,Folie Nr. 1,說明,本培訓(xùn)教材基于ISO14001：2015 英文版標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（2015-9-15發(fā)布） 本教材由執(zhí)筆人翻譯，如果國家發(fā)布了中文版標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以中文版標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為準(zhǔn) 本教材的解釋基于執(zhí)筆人的理解，不代表官方意見 本教材示例可以作為換版的參考，不得作為理論依據(jù) 本教材中的部分中文釋義基于本人理解。其準(zhǔn)確釋義最終以中文版標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為準(zhǔn)。 將documented information翻譯為形成文件的信息。 將有形成文件的信息中關(guān)于maintain翻譯為保持，主要針對應(yīng)該有對應(yīng)的文件。 將retain翻譯為保留，主要針對應(yīng)該有記錄。 將

2、沒有形成文件的信息的maintain翻譯為維護。 新的審核準(zhǔn)則發(fā)布后，以新的審核準(zhǔn)則為準(zhǔn),Folie Nr. 2,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)換版培訓(xùn),目標(biāo),新版標(biāo)準(zhǔn)審核注意事項,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解讀,實施標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的組織換版思路探討,18個重點術(shù)語,1,2,3,4,新版標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的目的,為未來十年左右時間提供一系列穩(wěn)定的核心要求 把當(dāng)前的關(guān)注點持續(xù)保持在有效的過程管理上，以期產(chǎn)生期望的結(jié)果 將2000年以來管理體系的實踐和技術(shù)變化體現(xiàn)在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中 應(yīng)用ISO/IEC導(dǎo)則第1部分附件SL提供的管理體系標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高階架構(gòu)，提高與其他標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的兼容度 促進組織有效的實施標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 促進有效的第一方、第二方、第三方合格評定 便于對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求的理解和解釋的一致性,Fol

3、ie Nr. 4,ISO14001：2015重大改變,引入了“風(fēng)險管理”的概念 更加強調(diào)“生命周期”，從環(huán)境因素識別到績效評價 擴展了環(huán)境管理體系的范圍，不再僅僅限制在組織圍墻之內(nèi)，還包括了外部影響。 強調(diào)利益相關(guān)方的需求和期望 組織政策承諾擴展到支持環(huán)境保護 對上下游價值鏈規(guī)劃和控制 績效評價強調(diào)符合性評價 環(huán)境管理體系與組織的經(jīng)營宗旨及戰(zhàn)略方向結(jié)合在一起,Folie Nr. 5,審核員判定組織符合ISO14001要求,組織已經(jīng)建立了適宜于其產(chǎn)品和過程的環(huán)境管理體系 明確了環(huán)境管理體系的范圍、過程和實施時間 確定了實現(xiàn)預(yù)期結(jié)果所需的過程-包括合規(guī)性義務(wù)和環(huán)境績效的提高 組織能夠確保這些過程的

4、運作和監(jiān)視所需資源的可用性 有分析并且理解組織、利益相關(guān)方的需求和期望，以及關(guān)于其產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的相關(guān)合規(guī)性義務(wù)的客觀證據(jù) 組織的環(huán)境因素及重要環(huán)境因素已經(jīng)明確，并能夠滿足利益相關(guān)方的要求及合規(guī)性要求 對所確定的重要環(huán)境因素進行監(jiān)視和測量 以風(fēng)險控制為核心，具有系統(tǒng)的改進過程 實施了有效的內(nèi)部審核及管理評審 績效評價的證據(jù)齊全 監(jiān)視、測量和持續(xù)改進環(huán)境管理體系的證據(jù)充分 19處文件化信息證據(jù)充分 應(yīng)該有的過程或者程序文件、規(guī)定、措施具備客觀證據(jù),Folie Nr. 6,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的18處形成文件的信息,4.3 確定環(huán)境管理體系范圍 5.2 環(huán)境方針 6.1.1 總則 6.1.2 環(huán)境因素 6.1.3

5、 合規(guī)義務(wù) 6.2.1 環(huán)境目標(biāo) 7.2 能力 7.4.1 總則 7.5.1 總則,7.5.2 編制和更新 7.5.3 形成文件信息的控制 8.1 運行策劃和控制 8.2 應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備和響應(yīng) 9.1.1 總則 9.1.2 合規(guī)性評價 9.2 內(nèi)部審核方案 9.3 管理評審 10.2 不合格與糾正措施,Folie Nr. 7,8.1 提出了編寫運作控制所需的程序文件！,應(yīng)該編寫的14個程序文件,4.3 環(huán)境管理體系范圍 5.2 環(huán)境方針 6.1.1 風(fēng)險和機會識別 6.1.2 環(huán)境因素識別-生命周期導(dǎo)入 6.1.3 合規(guī)性評價 6.2.1 環(huán)境目標(biāo) 7.4.1 內(nèi)外部溝通 8.1 過程運行所需文件，

6、程序 8.2 應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備和響應(yīng) 9.1.1 監(jiān)視和測量 9.1.2 合規(guī)性評價 9.1.2 合規(guī)性狀況的知識和理解 9.2 內(nèi)部審核 9.2.1 內(nèi)審方案,Folie Nr. 8,應(yīng)該存在的記錄-7個,7.2 能力 7.4 內(nèi)外部溝通 9.1.1 監(jiān)視、測量，分析和評價 9.1.2 合規(guī)性評價 9.2.2 內(nèi)審實施結(jié)果 9.3 管理評審結(jié)果 10.2 不合格及糾正措施,需要考慮留下記錄的地方： A.4.4 環(huán)境管理體系權(quán)限及策劃 A.8.1外部資源,Folie Nr. 9,引言 0.1 General 總則,0.1 Background背景 Achieving a balance between

7、 the environment, society and the economy is considered essential to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Sustainable development as a goal is achieved by balancing the three pillars of sustainability. Societal expectations for sus

8、tainable development, transparency and accountability have evolved with increasingly stringent legislation, growing pressures on the environment from pollution, inefficient use of resources, improper waste management, climate change, degradation of ecosystems and loss of biodiversity. This has led o

9、rganizations to adopt a systematic approach to environmental management by implementing environmental management systems with the aim of contributing to the environmental pillar of sustainability.,環(huán)境，社會和經(jīng)濟之間達(dá)到一個平衡，以不損害子孫后代的能力滿足他們的需求來做現(xiàn)在的事被認(rèn)為是目前至關(guān)重要的。 可持續(xù)發(fā)展的一個目標(biāo)是永續(xù)發(fā)展的三大支柱獲得平衡。 社會對可持續(xù)發(fā)展的預(yù)期，透明度和問責(zé)制演變?nèi)找?/p>

10、嚴(yán)格的法規(guī)，不斷增長的環(huán)境污染，效率低下使用資源、廢物管理不當(dāng)、氣候變化、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化和損失生物多樣性的壓力。 這使得組織采用一個系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境管理方法，而實施環(huán)境管理體系，目的就是使環(huán)境做為可持續(xù)發(fā)展的支柱。,Folie Nr. 10,引言,0.2 Aim of an environmental management system環(huán)境管理體系的目的 The purpose of this International Standard is to provide organizations with a framework to protect the environment and respon

11、d to changing environmental conditions in balance with socio-economic needs. It specifies requirements that enable an organization to achieve the intended outcomes it sets for its environmental management system. A systematic approach to environmental management can provide top management with infor

12、mation to build success over the long term and create options for contributing to sustainable development by: protecting the environment by preventing or mitigating adverse environmental impacts; mitigating the potential adverse effect of environmental conditions on the organization; assisting the o

13、rganization in the fulfilment of compliance obligations; enhancing environmental performance; controlling or influencing the way the organizations products and services are designed, manufactured, distributed, consumed and disposed by using a life cycle perspective that can prevent environmental imp

14、acts from being unintentionally shifted elsewhere within the life cycle; achieving financial and operational benefits that can result from implementing environmentally sound alternatives that strengthen the organizations market position; communicating environmental information to relevant interested

15、 parties. This International Standard, like other International Standards, is not intended to increase or change an organizations legal requirements.,本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的目的是為組織提供一個框架來保護環(huán)境以應(yīng)對不斷變化的環(huán)境條件與社會經(jīng)濟平衡的需求。它通過指定的環(huán)境管理體系要求，使一個組織能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)預(yù)期的結(jié)果。 一個系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境管理方法可以為高層管理人員提供信息，通過長期和創(chuàng)新的期望以成功的建立可持續(xù)發(fā)展的： 通過預(yù)防或減輕不良環(huán)境影響保護環(huán)境; 減輕潛在的不利

16、環(huán)境條件對組織的影響; 協(xié)助組織實現(xiàn)合規(guī)義務(wù); 提高環(huán)境績效; 通過控制或影響組織的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的設(shè)計，生產(chǎn)、分配、消費和使用生命周期的角度，以生命周期內(nèi)防止環(huán)境影響被無意中轉(zhuǎn)移到別的地方; 通過環(huán)境替代物的選擇實現(xiàn)財務(wù)和運營效益，加強組織的市場地位;。 與有關(guān)利益相關(guān)方環(huán)境信息交流 與其他國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一樣， 本國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并不打算增加或改變一個組織的法律要求。,Folie Nr. 11,引言,0.3 Success factors成功因素 The success of an environmental management system depends on commitment from all l

17、evels and functions of the organization, led by top management. Organizations can leverage opportunities to prevent or mitigate adverse environmental impacts and enhance beneficial environmental impacts, particularly those with strategic and competitive implications. Top management can effectively a

18、ddress its risks and opportunities by integrating environmental management into the organizations business processes, strategic direction and decision making, aligning them with other business priorities, and incorporating environmental governance into its overall management system. Demonstration of

19、 successful implementation of this International Standard can be used to assure interested parties that an effective environmental management system is in place. Adoption of this International Standard, however, will not in itself guarantee optimal environmental outcomes. Application of this Interna

20、tional Standard can differ from one organization to another due to the context of the organization. Two organizations can carry out similar activities but can have different compliance obligations, commitments in their environmental policy, environmental technologies and environmental performance go

21、als, yet both can conform to the requirements of this International Standard. The level of detail and complexity of the environmental management system will vary depending on the context of the organization, the scope of its environmental management system, its compliance obligations, and the nature

22、 of its activities, products and services, including its environmental aspects and associated environmental impacts.,環(huán)境管理體系的成功取決于由最高管理層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的組織的各級機構(gòu)。組織可以利用環(huán)境預(yù)防或減輕不良環(huán)境影響的機會，提高有益的環(huán)境績效，尤其是那些具有戰(zhàn)略和競爭性的績效。高層管理人員通過風(fēng)險和機會的識別，可以有效地將環(huán)境管理融入到組織的業(yè)務(wù)流程、戰(zhàn)略方向和業(yè)務(wù)優(yōu)先級決策中，并將環(huán)境治理納入其整體管理系統(tǒng)中。成功實現(xiàn)本國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以用來向利益相關(guān)方示范一個有效的環(huán)境管理體系。

23、然而，采用本國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將不能保證它最佳的環(huán)境結(jié)果。本國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的應(yīng)用可以因某組織與另一組織背景的不同而不同。兩個組織可以進行類似的活動而有不同的合規(guī)義務(wù)，不同的環(huán)境方針承諾、環(huán)境技術(shù)和環(huán)境績效的目標(biāo)，但兩者都可以符合國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。 環(huán)境管理體系的細(xì)節(jié)和復(fù)雜性水平將取決于該組織的背景，其環(huán)境管理體系的范圍，其合規(guī)義務(wù)，其活動的性質(zhì)，產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，包括其環(huán)境方面和相關(guān)的環(huán)境影響。,Folie Nr. 12,引言,0.4 Plan-Do-Check-Act model策劃-實施-檢查-改進PDCA模型 The basis for the approach underlying an environment

24、al management system is founded on the concept of Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA). The PDCA model provides an iterative process used by organizations to achieve continual improvement. It can be applied to an environmental management system and to each of its individual elements. It can be briefly described

25、 as follows. Plan: establish environmental objectives and processes necessary to deliver results in accordance with the organizations environmental policy. Do: implement the processes as planned. Check: monitor and measure processes against the environmental policy， including its commitments， enviro

26、nmental objectives and operating criteria， and report the results. Act: take actions to continually improve. Figure 1 shows how the framework introduced in this International Standard could be integrated into a PDCA model， which can help new and existing users to understand the importance of a syste

27、ms approach.,環(huán)境管理體系是建立在策劃-實施-檢查-改進這一概念基礎(chǔ)上的活動(PDCA)。組織所使用的PDCA模型提供了一個實現(xiàn)持續(xù)改進的迭代過程。它可以應(yīng)用到整個環(huán)境管理體系和每個獨立單元。它可以簡要描述如下。 策劃:建立基于組織的環(huán)境方針基礎(chǔ)上的環(huán)境目標(biāo)和過程必需的交付結(jié)果。 實施:按策劃予以實施的過程。 檢查:監(jiān)視和測量過程針對環(huán)境方針的績效，包括其承諾，環(huán)境目標(biāo)和運行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以及報告結(jié)果等內(nèi)容。 改進:采取措施持續(xù)改進。 圖1展示了框架介紹了國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以集成到一個PDCA模式，它可以幫助新的和現(xiàn)有用戶理解一個系統(tǒng)方法的重要性。,Folie Nr. 13,Figure 1 Re

28、lationship between PDCA and the framework in this International Standard圖1 - PDCA框架及各章節(jié)在本國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的關(guān)系示意,Folie Nr. 14,引言,0.5 Contents of this International Standard本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)內(nèi)容 This International Standard conforms to ISOs requirements for management system standards. These requirements include a high level stru

29、cture， identical core text， and common terms with core definitions， designed to benefit users implementing multiple ISO management system standards. This International Standard does not include requirements specific to other management systems， such as those for quality， occupational health and safe

30、ty， energy or financial management. However， this International Standard enables an organization to use a common approach and risk-based thinking to integrate its environmental management system with the requirements of other management systems. This International Standard contains the requirements

31、used to assess conformity. An organization that wishes to demonstrate conformity with this International Standard can do so by: making a self-determination and self-declaration， or seeking confirmation of its conformance by parties having an interest in the organization， such as customers， or seekin

32、g confirmation of its self-declaration by a party external to the organization， or seeking certification/registration of its environmental management system by an external organization. Annex A provides explanatory information to prevent misinterpretation of the requirements of this International St

33、andard. Annex B shows broad technical correspondence between the previous edition of this International Standard and this edition. Implementation guidance on environmental management systems is included in ISO 14004. In this International Standard， the following verbal forms are used: “shall” indica

34、tes a requirement; “should” indicates a recommendation; “may” indicates a permission; “can” indicates a possibility or a capability. Information marked as “NOTE” is intended to assist the understanding or use of the document. “Notes to entry” used in Clause 3 provide additional information that supp

35、lements the terminological data and can contain provisions relating to the use of a term. The terms and definitions in Clause 3 are arranged in conceptual order， with an alphabetical index provided at the end of the document.,本國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)符合ISO的管理體系標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求。 這些需求包括高階架構(gòu)，相同的核心文本，與包括核心定義的常用術(shù)語，便于使用者實現(xiàn)多個ISO管理體系標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的整

36、合。 本國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不包括其他特定的管理體系，如質(zhì)量、職業(yè)健康安全、能源或金融管理。然而，本國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使一個組織能夠使用一個共同的方法和基于風(fēng)險的思維來整合其環(huán)境管理體系與其他管理體系的要求。 本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)包含了用來評估一致性的要求。一個組織可以通過證明符合本國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來: 對組織做自我鑒定和自我聲明，或 謀求其感興趣的組織，如客戶對其一致性的認(rèn)可，或 尋求外部組織對組織的確認(rèn)，或 尋找外部組織對其環(huán)境管理體系的認(rèn)證/注冊。 附錄A提供解釋性信息以防止對本國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的誤解。附件B顯示了本國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與之前的版本之間的技術(shù)差別。環(huán)境管理體系的實施指南包含在ISO 14004中。 在本國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中，使用以下動詞形式：

37、“shall”表示要求; “should”表明建議; “may可以”表示允許; “can可能”表示可能性或能力。 標(biāo)記為“NOTE”的信息旨在幫助理解或使用本文。在第三章中的”Notes to entry”提供了額外信息來對術(shù)語數(shù)據(jù)進行補充及可能包含術(shù)語的如何使用。 第三章中的術(shù)語和定義按照概念上的順序排列，在本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的末尾，提供了一個按照字母排序提供的索引。,Folie Nr. 15,1 Scope范圍,This International Standard specifies the requirements for an environmental management system th

38、at an organization can use to enhance its environmental performance. This International Standard is intended for use by an organization seeking to manage its environmental responsibilities in a systematic manner that contributes to the environmental pillar of sustainability. This International Stand

39、ard helps an organization achieve the intended outcomes of its environmental management system， which provide value for the environment， the organization itself and interested parties. Consistent with the organizations environmental policy， the intended outcomes of an environmental management system

40、 include: enhancement of environmental performance; fulfilment of compliance obligations; achievement of environmental objectives.,本國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指定了一個組織可以用來提高其環(huán)境績效的環(huán)境管理體系要求。本國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是為那些試圖管理其環(huán)境責(zé)任，以系統(tǒng)化的方式實現(xiàn)環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展的組織設(shè)計的。 本國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以幫助組織通過環(huán)境管理體系實現(xiàn)其環(huán)境的預(yù)期結(jié)果，提供對組織本身和相關(guān)方的環(huán)境價值。符合組織的環(huán)境方針，預(yù)期結(jié)果的環(huán)境管理體系包括: 加強環(huán)境績效; 實現(xiàn)合規(guī)義務(wù); 實現(xiàn)環(huán)境目

41、標(biāo)。,Folie Nr. 16,1 Scope范圍,This International Standard is applicable to any organization， regardless of size， type and nature， and applies to the environmental aspects of its activities， products and services that the organization determines it can either control or influence considering a life cycle

42、 perspective. This International Standard does not state specific environmental performance criteria. This International Standard can be used in whole or in part to systematically improve environmental management. Claims of conformity to this International Standard， however， are not acceptable unles

43、s all its requirements are incorporated into an organizations environmental management system and fulfilled without exclusion.,本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于任何組織，無論其大小、類型和性質(zhì)，以及組織決定的以生命周期視角考慮其適它可以控制或影響的活動、產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的環(huán)境因素。本國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不包括具體的環(huán)境績效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)。 本國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以全部或部分地使用系統(tǒng)的改善環(huán)境管理。然而，除非本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的所有要求納入一個組織的環(huán)境管理體系并且完全沒有排除內(nèi)容，否則不得聲稱符合本國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。,Folie Nr. 1

44、7,2 Normative references規(guī)范性引用文件,There are no normative references. 無引用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。,Folie Nr. 18,3 Terms and definitions術(shù)語和定義3.1 Terms related to organization and leadership關(guān)于組織和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的術(shù)語,For the purposes of this document， the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 management system set of interrelated or

45、interacting elements of an organization (3.1.4) to establish policies and objectives (3.2.5) and processes (3.3.5) to achieve those objectives Note 1 to entry: A management system can address a single discipline or several disciplines (e.g. quality， environment， occupational health and safety， energ

46、y， financial management). Note 2 to entry: The system elements include the organizations structure， roles and responsibilities， planning and operation， performance evaluation and improvement. Note 3 to entry: The scope of a management system can include the whole of the organization， specific and id

47、entified functions of the organization， specific and identified sections of the organization， or one or more functions across a group of organizations. 3.1.2 environmental management system part of the management system (3.1.1) used to manage environmental aspects (3.2.2)， fulfil compliance obligati

48、ons (3.2.9)， and address risks and opportunities (3.2.11) 3.1.3 environmental policy intentions and direction of an organization (3.1.4) related to environmental performance (3.4.11)， as formally expressed by its top management (3.1.5),Folie Nr. 19,3.1 Terms related to organization and leadership關(guān)于組

49、織和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的術(shù)語,3.1.4 organization person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities， authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives (3.2.5) Note 1 to entry: The concept of organization includes， but is not limited to sole-trader， company， corporation， firm， enterprise， au

50、thority， partnership， charity or institution， or part or combination thereof， whether incorporated or not， public or private. 3.1.5 top management person or group of people who directs and controls an organization (3.1.4) at the highest level. Note 1 to entry: Top management has the power to delegat

51、e authority and provide resources within the organization. Note 2 to entry: If the scope of the management system (3.1.1) covers only part of an organization， then top management refers to those who direct and control that part of the organization. 3.1.6 interested party person or organization (3.1.

52、4) that can affect， be affected by， or perceive itself to be affected by a decision or activity EXAMPLE Customers， communities， suppliers， regulators， non-governmental organizations， investors and employees. Note 1 to entry: To “perceive itself to be affected” means the perception has been made know

53、n to the organization.,Folie Nr. 20,3.2 Terms related to planning關(guān)于策劃的術(shù)語,3.2.1 environment surroundings in which an organization (3.1.4) operates， including air， water， land， natural resources， flora， fauna， humans and their interrelationships Note 1 to entry: Surroundings can extend from within an

54、organization to the local， regional and global system. Note 2 to entry: Surroundings can be described in terms of biodiversity， ecosystems， climate or other characteristics. 3.2.2 environmental aspect element of an organizations (3.1.4) activities or products or services that interacts or can intera

55、ct with the environment (3.2.1) Note 1 to entry: An environmental aspect can cause (an) environmental impact(s) (3.2.4). A significant environmental aspect is one that has or can have one or more significant environmental impact(s). Note 2 to entry: Significant environmental aspects are determined b

56、y the organization applying one or more criteria. 3.2.3 environmental condition state or characteristic of the environment (3.2.1) as determined at a certain point in time 3.2.4 environmental impact change to the environment (3.2.1)， whether adverse or beneficial， wholly or partially resulting from

57、an organizations (3.1.4) environmental aspects (3.2.2) 3.2.5 objective result to be achieved Note 1 to entry: An objective can be strategic， tactical， or operational. Note 2 to entry: Objectives can relate to different disciplines (such as financial， health and safety， and environmental goals) and c

58、an apply at different levels (such as strategic， organization-wide， project， product， service and process (3.3.5). Note 3 to entry: An objective can be expressed in other ways， e.g. as an intended outcome， a purpose， an operational criterion， as an environmental objective (3.2.6)， or by the use of o

59、ther words with similar meaning (e.g. aim， goal， or target).,Folie Nr. 21,3.2 Terms related to planning關(guān)于策劃的術(shù)語,3.2.6 environmental objective objective (3.2.5) set by the organization (3.1.4) consistent with its environmental policy (3.1.3) 3.2.7 prevention of pollution use of processes (3.3.5)， practices， techniques， materials， products， services or energy to avoid， reduce or control (separately or in combination) the creation， emission or discharge of any type of pollutant or waste， in order to reduce adverse environmental impacts (3.2.4) Note 1 to entry: Prevention of pollution can includ