1、大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試閱讀理解,主講人：鐘華 （副教授）,攻克,大學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱要求,大學(xué)英語教學(xué)的目的是：“培養(yǎng)學(xué)生具有較強(qiáng)的閱讀能力和一定的聽、說、寫、譯能力，使他們能用英語交流信息” “較強(qiáng)的閱讀能力”包括閱讀速度和閱讀理解兩個(gè)方面。,閱讀速度：閱讀語言難度較高的一般性題材的文章，速度達(dá)到每分鐘70詞； 閱讀理解：能順利閱讀語言難度較高的一般性題材的文章，掌握中心大意以及說明中心大意的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)，并能就文章的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分析、推理、判斷和綜合概括，領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。,大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試大綱要求,閱讀理解部分測試學(xué)生通過閱讀獲取信息的能力，既要求準(zhǔn)確，又要求有一定的速度。 具體測試學(xué)生下列閱讀能力

2、： 既能理解個(gè)別句子的意義，也能理解上下文的邏輯關(guān)系； 既能理解字面的意思，也能理解隱含的意思； 既能理解事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)，也能理解所讀材料的主旨和大意； 能就文章的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行判斷、推測和信息轉(zhuǎn)換。,大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試簡介,由四篇閱讀理解短文（平均長度為每篇360詞）和20道閱讀理解題組成，考試時(shí)間為35分鐘。 總閱讀量： 1400詞（短文）+1000詞（題目）= 2400詞 閱讀速度： 2400詞 35分鐘= 69詞/分鐘 注意：不包括答題所需的思考時(shí)間,六級(jí)考試成績?yōu)楹尾粔蚶硐耄?閱讀速度跟不上 閱讀短文時(shí)“只見樹木不見森林” （85%的試題考察對(duì)短文主題和中心思想的理想，只有15%的試題涉及細(xì)節(jié)）

3、 不熟悉出題和解題思路,六級(jí)考試短文題材,考試文章題材包含社會(huì)、文化、史地、科普及人物傳記等內(nèi)容。,六級(jí)考試短文體裁,考試體裁以說明文和議論文為主。,說明文,說明文一般由三大部分構(gòu)成：提出問題或觀點(diǎn)說明和闡述結(jié)論。 閱讀技巧： 仔細(xì)閱讀第一、三部分和各段的首句，它們往往能說明作者的主要觀點(diǎn)和寫作意圖。 注意文章的行文方式（常見的有定義、比較、對(duì)照和分類等）和信號(hào)詞,議論文,議論文一般由三大部分構(gòu)成：提出問題反駁與論證結(jié)論。 閱讀技巧： 仔細(xì)閱讀第一、三部分和各段的首句，它們往往能說明作者的論點(diǎn)和要反駁的內(nèi)容。 注意論證中表示因果、遞進(jìn)和轉(zhuǎn)折的信號(hào)詞 注意作者使用的表達(dá)贊同、反對(duì)等感情色彩的形容

4、詞、副詞或句型。,常見的語流信號(hào)詞,表示時(shí)間：now, then, next, afterwards, meantime,meanwhile, presently, at last 表示列舉：first, second, next, finally, namely, for example, in other words 表示類似：likely, similarly, likewise 表示對(duì)照或轉(zhuǎn)折：but, unlike, however, while, whereas, nonetheless, nevertheless, notwithstanding, in fact, indeed

5、, virtually, practically 表示遞進(jìn)或引申：besides, further(more),in addition, whats more, moreover 表示結(jié)論或結(jié)果：therefore, as a result, in that case, for that reason, consequently,文章好難怎么辦？,首先要自信，冷靜下來； 不要為個(gè)別難詞、難句嚇倒，不要反復(fù)去讀，上下文（尤其是下文）往往能幫助你的理解； 重點(diǎn)理解每段的首句，確定作者的中心思想； 充分運(yùn)用各種閱讀理解的微技能和意流層次分析等技巧，閱讀時(shí)積極預(yù)測、及時(shí)歸納、分析層次、各個(gè)擊破,文章好

6、難怎么辦？,文章難在哪里？ 短文涉及的題材專業(yè)性較強(qiáng)，話題生疏； 短文的結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜，理不清層次； 短文中多有結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的長句； 短文中有許多生詞、成語等。 小竅門： 想考倒你的題目本身往往能幫助你理解原文哦！,先看題目，還是先讀文章？,先讀文章（注意速度，不要糾纏在某些詞句上） 再答題 分析題干，確定問題類型； 閱讀題目的選擇項(xiàng)； 根據(jù)問題類型，確定答案出自短文的位置，重讀該部分短文； 排除題目的干擾項(xiàng)，選擇正確答案。,六級(jí)閱讀理解四大類題型,詞匯語義題 重要細(xì)節(jié)判斷題 主題思想歸納題 暗示推斷題,詞匯語義題常見題干,The word “” most probably means _. The

7、 expression “” stands for _. From the passage, we can infer that the word “” is _. By “”, the writer (probably) means _. The author uses the phrase “” to illustrate _.,詞匯語義題?？碱}目類型,詞組短語； 生僻單詞； 舊詞新義； 指代性名詞或代詞。,詞匯語義題解題技巧,如果是生詞，首先根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)進(jìn)行猜測 根據(jù)上下文線索來幫助判斷 注意： 解答這類試題一定要緊扣該詞的基本意義和短文內(nèi)容 一定要注意排除干擾項(xiàng)中與上下文并不吻合的我

8、們所熟悉的定義,如何根據(jù)上下文推斷詞義,利用定義或重述 利用相關(guān)信息 利用舉例 利用比較、對(duì)照關(guān)系 利用常識(shí)性知識(shí),Examples,If we so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary life-style without any exercise. To “l(fā)ive a completely sedentary life-style” in the passage mean

9、s _. A. to live an inactive life B. to live a decent life C. to live a life with complete freedom D. to life a live of vice (Restatement or Definition),Examples,Though classed with the carnivores, the grizzly bear is largely vegetarian and rarely eats flesh. During the summer these bears are avid fi

10、shers and comb the waters of mountain streams and rivers to catch salmon swimming upstream. What does the word carnivore mean? A) a vegetable eaterB) a flesh eater C) a fishermanD) a type of bear (Compare and Contrast),Examples,In the critical area of food production, new cooperative efforts in agri

11、cultural research and development are paying off. Food scientists are discovering that humankind is nowhere near the limits of plant, livestock, and soil productivity. The phrase “paying off” could best be replaced by which of the following? A) costing a lotB)attracting attention C)showing successD)

12、 hard work (Relevant Information),Examples,Herbicides, like all chemicals sprayed in the environment, have some adverse affects. Not only have earthworms and other soil microorganisms been killed by some herbicides, but also much needed insect predators have been destroyed by these chemicals. The wo

13、rd “adverse” could be best replaced by which of the following? A)unusual B) interesting C) harmful D) notorious (Common Knowledge),Examples,Trucks rank high in meeting the transportation needs of most manufacturers. They are the most frequently used form of transportation, for two reasons: 1) they o

14、ffer door-to-door delivery from the manufacturer to the customer without intermediate unloading and 2) they operate on public highways that do not require an expensive terminal or right-of-way as airlines and railroads do. The main drawback of trucks is that they cannot carry all types of cargo.,Exa

15、mples,Federal regulations limit weight loads and truck dimensions, so trucks cannot cost-effectively haul heavy, bulky commodities like steel or coal. The word “drawback” may best be replaced by which of the following? A) design flaw B) influence C) disadvantage D) mission (Compare and Contrast),Exa

16、mples,To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes easier. “Weve found that if youre in sleep deficit, performan

17、ce suffers,” says Dr. David. “Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”,Examples,Whats the meaning of the word “subjects” in the paragraph? A) the performance tests used in the study of sleep deficit B) special branches of knowledge that are being studied

18、 C)people whose behavior or reactions are being studied D)the psychological consequences of sleep deficit (Exemplification),Examples,Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as

19、 a process by which social entities function in the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another.,Examples,The phrase “function in the disservice of one another” most probably means _. A) betray

20、 each other B) help to collaborate with each other C) harm one another D) benefit one another (Compare and contrast),重要細(xì)節(jié)判斷題,常見干擾項(xiàng)： 1. 是短文中的內(nèi)容，但不是題干所指向的短文相應(yīng)位置的內(nèi)容； 2. 不是短文明確指出的（not clearly-stated），而是通過推斷得來的（but got through inference）； 3. 與短文細(xì)節(jié)部分相吻，部分相悖； 4. 與常識(shí)相吻但短文未曾提及。,重要細(xì)節(jié)判斷題,解題要點(diǎn)： 首先分析題干，判斷題目的類型是否

21、屬于“重要細(xì)節(jié)判斷題”； 根據(jù)題干，準(zhǔn)確找到短文中的相應(yīng)位置； 注意排除干擾項(xiàng)； 答案往往是短文原句的重述 (restatement),主題思想歸納題,常見題干： What is the subject (topic) of the passage? What does the passage mainly discuss? Which sentence best expresses the main idea? The best title for this passage would be_. The passage deals primarily with _.,Which of the

22、 following best summarizes the passage? What is the authors main point? With what topic is this passage primarily concerned? The main idea of the passage is _. The theme of the passage is _. The passage is probably intended to answer _.,主題思想歸納題,常見干擾項(xiàng)： 覆蓋面太大、太籠統(tǒng)，超出了短文論述的范圍； 覆蓋面偏窄，只涉及到短文的某一部分或若干要點(diǎn)； 與短

23、文內(nèi)容“擦邊”，似是而非。,主題思想歸納題,解題要點(diǎn)： 首先根據(jù)題干判斷題目的類型是否屬于“主題思想歸納題” 注意區(qū)分文章的主題和闡釋主題的細(xì)節(jié)，文章的第一段、最后一段和每段的首句、末句往往含有文章的主題（如有必要，可以重讀這些句子） 注意排除干擾項(xiàng),暗示推斷題,涉及的內(nèi)容包括： 觀點(diǎn) 態(tài)度 語氣 組織 結(jié)構(gòu) 目的,暗示推斷題,常見題干： The authors attitude towards is _. In the authors opinion _. In the passage the author argues that _. Which of the following will

24、 the author agree (disagree) with? The tone of the passage can best be described as _. How is the passage organized?,暗示推斷題,常見題干： It can be inferred from the passage that _. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? It is implied but not openly stated that _. Apparently the author sugg

25、ests that _. What conclusion can we draw from the passage? It is implied that _.,暗示推斷題,常見干擾項(xiàng)： 是短文內(nèi)容的重述(restatement)，而不是“推而論之”(inference) 偏離主題，打“擦邊球” 與常識(shí)相吻，但無法從短文內(nèi)容推知 選項(xiàng)在文章中根本未提及，只是個(gè)人作出的假設(shè)。,暗示推斷題,解題要點(diǎn)： 忠于原文，切忌用自己的觀點(diǎn)取代作者的原意 答案往往是短文內(nèi)容的“正話反說”或“反話正說” 組織結(jié)構(gòu)題應(yīng)注重識(shí)別文章中的信息詞 態(tài)度題、語氣題均應(yīng)注重作者在文章中使用的表達(dá)感情的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞和名

26、詞。,暗示推斷題,文章和題目中常見的暗示推斷類詞匯 表示目的： to discuss, to tell about, to summarize, to tell how, to explain, to present, to show, to illustrate, to warn, to discredit, to describe, to classify, to praise, to advocate, to predict, to persuade, to convince, to compare and contrast,暗示推斷題,文章和題目中常見的暗示推斷類詞匯 表示結(jié)構(gòu)組織：

27、classification, comparison and contrast, cause and effect analysis, process description, time order (chronological), presenting a problem and then giving a solution,暗示推斷題,文章和題目中常見的暗示推斷類詞匯 表示態(tài)度和語氣 pleased, disgusted, skeptical, amused, regretful, respectful, angry, surprised, critical, favorable, opt

28、imistic, pessimistic, indifferent, emotional, humorous, descriptive, sarcastic, sympathetic, cautionary, persuasive, explanatory, complimentary, outraged, concerned, historical, approving, advisory, admiring, neutral, positive, negative, disapproving, friendly, suspicious, instructive, subjective, objective, hostile,