1、Chapter 5 Project Scope Management,Processes required to ensure that the project includes all, and only, work required Defining what “is/is not” included in the project,Master the methods of describing the scope of the project,Master the methods of creating WBS,Objectives,Scope management,Definition

2、 of WBS,deliverables,objectives,Project triangle,Create WBS,Application of WBS,5.1 Collect requirements 5.2 Scope Definition 5.3 Create WBS 5.4 Scope Verification 5.5 Scope Control, process of defining and documenting the product features and functions needed to fulfill stakeholders needs and expect

3、ations.,5.1 Collect requirements,Product scope features and functions characterizing the product or service measured against requirements Project scope work that must be done to deliver the product measured against project plan,project charter stakeholder resister,5.1.1 Collect requirements : inputs

4、,5.1.3 Collect requirements : Outputs,Stakeholder requirements documentation Requirements traceability matrix,Interview Questionnaires SOW prototypes,5.1.2 Collect requirements : Tools and Techniques,The process of developing a detailed description of the project and product. A detailed description

5、builds upon the major deliverables, assumptions, and constraints that are documented during project initiation and collecting requirements.,5.2 Scope Definition,5.2.1 Scope Definition: Inputs,.1 Project Charter .2 Stakeholder requirements documentation .3 Organizational Process Assets,5.2.2 Scope De

6、finition: Tools and Techniques,Product Analysis Alternatives Identification Expert Judgment Stakeholder Analysis,5.2.3 Scope Definition: Outputs,.1 Project Scope Statement,The project scope statement describes, in detail, the projects major objectives and deliverables.,The project scope statement is

7、 the definition of the project what needs to be accomplished.,project scope statement includes:,Product scope description Project objectives .Project deliverables Project requirements Project boundaries Product acceptance criteria Project constraints and assumptions Initial project organization Init

8、ial defined risks Schedule milestones. Fund limitation and Cost estimate Project configuration management requirements Project specifications Approval requirements,A game,How to describe the objectives of a project? How to describe the deliverables of a project?,How to describe the objectives of a p

9、roject?,when？,What resources？,where？,How to describe the objectives of a project?,項目的目標(biāo)需要回答下列問題：,將做什么？,為什么要做它？,什么時候完成？,需要什么資源？,如何評價？,在哪里進(jìn)行？,即用不多于200字定量描述項目的成本、進(jìn)度和質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),注意,(Project Objective Statement, POS),e.g. software development : objectives?,How to describe the deliverables of a project?,即 可交付成果

10、= 動詞 +名詞 +時間限制,Homework !,項目產(chǎn)品描述,項目目標(biāo),可交付成果,5.3 Create WBS,Figure 5-7. Sample Work Breakdown Structure Organized by Phase,The WBS is a deliverable-oriented hierarchical decomposition of the work.,The WBS organizes and defines the total scope of the project.,Each descending level of the WBS represent

11、s an increasingly detailed definition of the project work.,The lowest-level in the WBS is called work packages.,5.3.1 Create WBS: Inputs,Organizational Process Assets Project Scope Statement Approved Change Requests,5.3.2 Create WBS: Tools and Techniques,.1 Work Breakdown Structure Templates .2 Deco

12、mposition,Decomposition is the subdivision of project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components until the work and deliverables are defined to the work package level.,Decomposition of the total project work generally involves the following activities:, Identifying the deliverables and re

13、lated work Structuring and organizing the WBS Decomposing the upper WBS levels into lower level detailed components Developing and assigning identification codes to the WBS components Verifying that the degree of decomposition of the work is necessary and sufficient. All items necessary and sufficie

14、nt? Clearly and completely defined? Appropriately scheduled, budgeted, assigned?,Work Packages -the lowest level of the WBS,Work package is the point at which we can: Define work (what). Identify time to complete a work package (how long) Identify a time-phased budget to complete a work package (how

15、 much) Identify resources needed to complete a work package (how many) Identify a single person responsible for units of work (who),Excessive decomposition can lead to non-productive management effort, inefficient use of resources, and decreased efficiency in performing the work.,The resulting struc

16、ture can take a number of forms:,Using the major deliverables as the first level of decomposition Using subprojects as the first level of decomposition Using the phases of the project life cycle as the first level of decomposition,Hierarchical Breakdown of the WBS,.1 Project Scope Statement (Updates

17、) .2 Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Each descending level represents further detail; smaller and more manageable pieces，the lowest level is called work package; Each item is assigned a unique identifier collectively known as “code of accounts”; Work element descriptions included in a WBS dictionary

18、.,5.3.3 Create WBS: Outputs,100,110,123,122,121,.3 WBS Dictionary .4 Scope Baseline .5 Project Scope Management Plan (Updates) .6 Requested Changes,the WBS dictionary includes a code of account identifier, a statement of work, responsible organization, and a list of schedule milestones.,How to creat

19、e a WBS?,明確目標(biāo),time resource rule,Project triangle,Describe deliverables （動詞+名詞+時間限制）,Plan for executing,objective,constraints,Resource analysis,decompose,“空方陣”項目WBS,The WBS should not be confused with other formats:,Organizational (OBS) relate work packages to specific org. units Resource (RBS) reso

20、urces by type Risk (RBS) identified project risks arranged by risk category Cost (CBS),WBS- OBS：責(zé)任矩陣,WBS- CBS：費用估算表,1.列出建國六十周年慶典項目的WBS。,2.假設(shè)某游戲軟件開發(fā)成功，預(yù)定在2009年8月18日進(jìn)行游戲上市前的先期推廣。本次活動旨在將產(chǎn)品推向市場前對產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行一個全方位的宣傳，使業(yè)界內(nèi)外對產(chǎn)品都有一個近距離的了解，使最終用戶有一個先期接觸到產(chǎn)品的機(jī)會，為產(chǎn)品的下一步上市銷售作好準(zhǔn)備。 請列出該項目的工作分解結(jié)構(gòu)的第一級內(nèi)容。,課堂討論題,WBS Graphical

21、hierarchy of the project Identifies all tasks Foundation of the project Puts boundary on what is included in a task and what is not included Can be re-used for other projects,Scope verification is the process of obtaining the stakeholders formal acceptance of the completed project scope and associat

22、ed deliverables.,5.4 Scope Verification,Scope verification differs from quality control in that scope verification is primarily concerned with acceptance of the deliverables, while quality control is primarily concerned with meeting the quality requirements specified for the deliverables.,5.4.1 Scop

23、e Verification: Inputs,.1 Project Scope Statement .2 WBS Dictionary .3 Project Scope Management Plan .4 Deliverables,Inspection measuring, examining, testing to determine if deliverables meet acceptance criteria.,5.4.2 Scope Verification: Tools and Techniques,5.4.3 Scope Verification: Outputs,.1 Acc

24、epted Deliverables .2 Requested Changes. .3 Recommended Corrective Actions,Project scope control is concerned with influencing the factors that create project scope changes and controlling the impact of those changes. Influencing factors to ensure that changes are beneficial Determining scope change

25、 has occurred Managing changes when they occur Thoroughly integrated with other control processes,5.5 Scope Control,.1 Project Scope Statement .2 Work Breakdown Structure .3 WBS Dictionary .4 Project Scope Management Plan .5 Approved Change Requests .6 Performance Reports .7 Work Performance Informa

26、tion,5.5.1 Scope Control: Inputs,.1 Scope Change Control System defining the procedures All paperwork, tracking systems, approval levels .2 Configuration Management System Assuring that changes to project scope are documented .3 Variance Analysis assessing the magnitude of variation ,determining the

27、 cause of variance relative to the scope baseline and deciding whether corrective action is required. .4 Replanning,5.5.2 Scope Control: Tools and Techniques,.1 Project Scope Statement (Updates) .2 Work Breakdown Structure (Updates) .3 WBS Dictionary (Updates) .4 Scope Baseline (Updates) .5 Requeste

28、d Changes .6 Recommended Corrective Action .7 Organizational Process Assets (Updates) .8 Project Management Plan (Updates),5.5.3 Scope Control: Outputs,Key Definitions,Product Scope Project Scope Baseline Statement of Work（SOW） Scope Definition Scope Statement Deliverable Work Breakdown Structure (W

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