1、越來越多的年輕人離開了胡同中的老宅，選擇在高樓林立的城市新區(qū)中生活。老城區(qū)變得越來越像是老 年人 的城市。如何讓年輕人重新回到老城中生活，是城市更新的一項重要內(nèi)容。因此，我們希望在這個 改造項目 中，一方面尊重院落的原始空間格局，保留以前的空間特質(zhì)。另一方面，將其改造成為適合現(xiàn) 代年輕人生活 方式的居住空間。這是街區(qū)更新及此類建筑改造項目應循的方向。 Nowadays, an increasing amount of young people choose to leave their old houses in Hutong and settle in the new areas of th

2、e city surrounded by concrete jungles. The old city has become a rundown area full of seniors. An essential objective of this urban renewal is to bring the young generation back to live in the old city. Therefore, we expect that in this renovation project, on one hand, respect the existing spatial o

3、rganization of the courtyard in order to preserve its original spatial quality. On another hand, transform it into a living space that is more suitable for the contemporary lifestyle of the young generation. These are the directions that block renewal and building renovation projects aim to follow.

4、鳥瞰庭院，aerial view of the courtyard 北京白塔寺胡同大雜院改造建筑事務所 / B .L.U.E . 城市更新的全新思考與探索 概況 General Information 項目位于33片歷史文化街區(qū)中的阜成門內(nèi)歷史文化街區(qū)，區(qū)域占地約37公頃，總建筑面積約 24.2萬平方米， 區(qū)域內(nèi)約5600戶，戶籍人口約1.6萬人，常住人口約1.3萬人。在這個區(qū)域老齡 人口占19%，外來流動人口近 50%。將近807個院落，現(xiàn)存4000余幢建筑，房屋質(zhì)量70%較 差，是一片居住環(huán)境有待提升、建筑質(zhì)量有待 改善、文化功能有待梳理的歷史街區(qū)。因此， 在當前北京推動老城整體保護與復興

5、的背景之下，眾多建筑師 用單體院落或單體建筑改造的 項目作為觸媒，緊密結(jié)合當?shù)鼐用竦木唧w需求，進行城市更新的思考與探索， 從而進一步提 升當?shù)鼐用竦纳钇焚|(zhì)，延續(xù)城市歷史文化脈絡(luò)。 The site of this project is located in a historical and cultural district in Fucheng Men in which the area contains 33 traditional blocks. The project area covers approximately 37 hectares, with a gross floor

6、area of 242,000 and about 5600 households, including 16,000 registered citizens and 13,000 inhabitants. In this area elderlies make up 19% of the residents and immigrants make up almost 50% of the population in the region respectively. The area contains 807 courtyards, remaining over 4000 houses whi

7、le 70% of them are in poor conditions. Thus in this historical block, both the living quality and building quality need urgent improvements and its cultural values will therefore be reevaluated and upgraded. Therefore, under the current context of Beijings promotion of the overall protection and rev

8、italisation of the old city, many architects are involved in renovation projects of single courtyard or buildings linking the real needs of the citys citizens with new forms of media in order to promote new ways of thinking and exploring the city. In this way, the living qualities of the citizens ar

9、e improved while preserving and continuing the historical chain of the citys culture. 夜景鳥瞰，aerial view 本項目是一個位于北京二環(huán)里胡同中的傳統(tǒng)合院建筑改造項目，院落占地約250平方米，我們 將曾經(jīng)的破舊 雜院改造為四合院民宿。結(jié)合業(yè)態(tài)要求，試圖在北京傳統(tǒng)的四合院空間中融入 新時代的居住生活方式。 院落 位于一個Y字形路口，相對難得的可以看到完整的兩個沿街立 面，院墻可以較為完整的展現(xiàn)在人眼前，視覺 上對院落整體有非常直觀的感受。院內(nèi)原本容 納了8戶人家共同生活。為滿足生活面積的需要，院內(nèi)違章加

10、 建現(xiàn)象較為嚴重，形成了典型的 大雜院格局，空間雜亂局促。因此，我們將院落中心位置的加建建筑拆除， 還原出合院的原 始格局。 This project involves the renovation of a traditional courtyard house located in the Hutong within Beijings second ring road, covering a total area of around 250 . The aim is to turn an old and shabby courtyard into a desirable courtyard

11、 house for homestay. Regarding the specifications, the aim is to find a new way of living within the traditional Beijing courtyard house with respect to the contemporary style of living. The existing courtyard sits at a Y-shaped intersection in which two facades are fully exposed to the streets and

12、can be viewed by pedestrians. While the boundaries of the courtyard are presented to people on the street, a strong visual impact is easily created. The courtyard originally ammonites 8 families. In order to maximise the usable space to satisfy the needs of a large number of residents, illegal renov

13、ations of adding additional building components are commonly built, creating a typical courtyard compound occupied by many households. Consequently, the additional building components in the centre of the courtyard need to be removed in order to reveal the original spatial composition of the courtya

14、rd. 改造后，after renovation 關(guān)于設(shè)計 About Design 入口進門首先是一條筆直的廊道，右側(cè)是對公眾開放的咖啡館，廊道盡頭是內(nèi)院的大門。 Firstly, the entry to the gate is a straight tunnel in which a cafe sits on its right-hand site and the gate is located at the end of the tunnel. 入口進門首先是一條筆直的廊道， the entry to the gate is a straight tunnel 院內(nèi)共設(shè)計6間客房，建筑

15、面積與功能布局各不相同。其中最小的房間為20平方米，最大的房 間為30平方 米。其中3間是loft格局的小客房，另外3間為大客房。且在房間內(nèi)部色調(diào)有所區(qū) 分，3間客房為淺色調(diào)，3間 客房為深色調(diào)。除客房外，其余室內(nèi)空間均為公共空間，日常作 為展覽空間使用。 There are a total of 6 guest rooms located within the courtyard, they are each designed with different area, function and spatial composition. The smallest guest room is 2

16、0 m2 and the largest guest room is 30 m2. 3 of the guest rooms are lofts and the another 3 are master rooms. Despite the difference in size, the rooms are also organised with different colours schemes. 3 of them have light colour tone and the other 3 have dark colour tone. Apart from the guest rooms

17、, all other spaces are public spaces, which are available for public exhibition and display during the day. 軸側(cè)解析，axonometric 院內(nèi)共設(shè)計6間客房，建筑面積與功能布局各不相同，there are a total of 6 guest rooms located within the courtyard 拆除加建建筑后，6間客房及展覽空間重新圍合出一個方形庭院。在庭院南側(cè)中心位置，我們 使用拆除原有 建筑而保留下來的舊青磚搭建了一座樓梯塔。順“塔”盤旋而上，是展覽空間的 屋頂

18、，經(jīng)過結(jié)構(gòu)加固之后作為 屋頂露臺。在大樹的庇蔭之下，近可俯瞰整座院落，遠可眺望 妙應寺白塔，而展現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)建筑群體魅力的連綿 起伏的屋頂立面也盡在眼前。 After removing the additional illegal building components, the 6 guest rooms form a new square shape courtyard. On the southern centre of the courtyard, a new staircase tower has been built using the recycled old grey tiles f

19、rom the demolished parts of the building. Following up the staircase, an exhibition space is formed on the rooftop after reinforcing the original structure of the building. Standing on the rooftop under the shadow of large trees, a panoramic view extends from the courtyard all the way to the Miaoyin

20、g Temple. The magnificence and beauty of the continuous traditional buildings are fully expressed from the view of the rooftop. 在庭院南側(cè)中心位置用拆除原有建筑而保留下來的舊青磚搭建一座樓梯塔，on the southern centre of the courtyard, a new staircase tower has been built using the recycled old grey tiles from the demolished parts o

21、f the building 樓梯細節(jié)，detail of the stairs 樓梯上的露臺空間，terrace on the roof 1. 解決老宅的痛點 Existing Flaws of the Building 建筑改造類項目首要解決的問題是原始條件不足。大雜院改造同樣如此。根據(jù)以下幾個現(xiàn)狀 特點，我們采取 了相應的解決措施。 Building renovations projects have to first solve the existing problems of the building. In this project the aim is to solve the

22、following issues: A. 問題室內(nèi)面積不足。 Problem A. Not enough interior space 根據(jù)設(shè)計任務要求，需要在有限條件下塑造出舒適的居住環(huán)境。我們采取豎向使用空間的方 法，提高空間使 用效率。局部下挖地面，并拆除原有天花吊頂，利用傳統(tǒng)建筑的屋頂空間做 成loft格局。 Regarding the specification, the need is to maximise living quality using limited resources. In order to maximise the usage of space, the bu

23、ilding is organised vertically. Alowered ground level is established while the original ceiling boards are removed. Aloft effectively is formed under the traditional ceiling space. 房間3：利用傳統(tǒng)建筑的屋頂空間做成loft格局，room 3: a loft effectively is formed under the traditional ceiling space B. 問題采光通風不足 Problem B.

24、 Lack of natural lighting and ventilation 我們幾乎為每間客房都設(shè)計了屋頂天窗，大幅度增加采光效果。根據(jù)冬季采暖保溫需要，天 窗選用雙層玻璃 （平面玻璃頂使用三層中空玻璃）來降低導熱效應。并在房間立面，每個客房門側(cè)都做了開 啟窗的設(shè)計，輔 助通風。 Almost every guest room is designed with a ceiling window in order to maximise natural sunlight inside the room. Regarding the need for thermal insulation

25、in the winter period, all ceiling windows use double glazing glass (horizontal glass roof use 3-layered sealed insulating glass) in order to achieve the effective insulation and minimal heat conduction. In each guest room, new windows are designed near the door to further enhance effective ventilati

26、on within the rooms. 房間6，room 6 幾乎為每間客房都設(shè)計了屋頂天窗，almost every guest room is designed with a ceiling window 房間立面做了開啟窗的設(shè)計輔助通風，in each guest room, new windows are designed near the door to further enhance effective ventilation within the rooms 浴室，bathroom C. 問題采暖保溫不足 Problem C. Lack of effective insulat

27、ion and heating system 除了在玻璃的使用中選取保溫性能較好的材料之外，我們將全部室內(nèi)地面鋪設(shè)了地暖，作為 冬季的主要采暖 措施。 Apart from the cautious choice of glass material for effective insulation, the house is also designed with floor heating covering the entire interior space, mainly used for heating in winter. 房間4，room 4 閣樓臥室，the bedroom on t

28、he upper level D. 問題隔音不足 Problem D. Lack of soundproofing and noise control 根據(jù)房屋現(xiàn)狀情況，為每個房間的隔墻增加隔音材料，一定程度的解決了原本的磚墻隔音差 的問題。 According to the condition of each room, additional soundproofing materials are inserted within the walls between rooms in order to solve this issue. 房間5，room 5 1 E. 問題衛(wèi)生間搭建不規(guī)范 P

29、roblem E. Lack of standardisation in the building of bathroom 現(xiàn)狀院中已有院廁，但未經(jīng)任何處理，直接將生活污水排至市政管網(wǎng)?，F(xiàn)狀宮門口二條胡同 中的下水管道為 雨污合流設(shè)計，如此夏季難免會有氣味散發(fā)。我們在院內(nèi)建造了標準的化糞 池，將所有的衛(wèi)生間內(nèi)污水排至 化糞池，經(jīng)過處理后合格達標的生活污水，沿用原有管路排 至胡同內(nèi)市政管道中。 The existing courtyard contains a bathroom. Yet without any standardised treatment, domestic sewage is

30、 directly discharged into the municipal pipe network. The renovation improves this condition by replacing the old pipe with new technology that combines the discharge of rainwater and sewage, which effectively prevents the water system creating the bad smell in the summer time when temporary is high

31、. Astandardised septic tank is built within the courtyard, allowing all sanitary wastewater to be discharged in it. Aportion of the domestic sewage that has been treated will still follow the existing municipal pipe network. 房間1，room 1 2. 空間記憶的傳承 Inheriting the Spatial Memory 這個項目的設(shè)計邏輯是在現(xiàn)有條件下因地制宜，著重

32、對現(xiàn)狀材料的發(fā)掘與再利用。在改造過 程中，不斷出現(xiàn) 的意外發(fā)現(xiàn)給設(shè)計帶來了新的思路。跟隨施工階段的新的進展，設(shè)計也不斷 的變化發(fā)展，由此也可稱為“沒有 邏輯的邏輯”。比如，將建筑的木結(jié)構(gòu)脫漆處理之后，露出 的原本的木色干凈樸素，展現(xiàn)出古樸的氣息，于是 我們就保留了木結(jié)構(gòu)的本色。在做地面基 礎(chǔ)和院內(nèi)排水時，在現(xiàn)狀地坪下約一米處挖出7塊大約是清代的條 石。我們選取其中4塊作為 客房與院門門口的踏步石階，重新賦予了新的功能與使命。 The design logic of this project is to use limited space and resources to maximise th

33、e reuse of material in ways of creating new space. During the renovation process, the continuous occurrence of accidental discoveries always brings new design ideas. As the construction process progresses, the design continuous changes and develops, which can be seen as “the logic without logic”. Fo

34、r example, after removing the old paint on the wood structure, the natural beauty of the material is fully expressed in its colour and texture. Thus, a decision is made to maintain the original colour and texture of the wood structure. While building the floor foundation and water drainage system in

35、 the courtyard, 7 large rectangular stones from the Qing dynasty are discovered 1 meter underground. 4 of them are chosen as the material used for the staircase in between the guest rooms and entrance, hence giving the stones new life and function. 選取挖出的清代條石作為客房與院門門口的踏步石階，the Qing dynasty are chosen

36、 as the material used for the staircase in between the guest rooms and entrance 原有建筑的舊的窗框我們予以保留，在不同的房間中重新組織利用，處處可見這座院落舊時 的生活氣息。予 以保留的還有大量的舊的青磚，具有幾十年至上百年不等的歷史。我們使 用這些老青磚搭建成庭院內(nèi)中心位 置的樓梯塔，其間點綴嵌入現(xiàn)代材料玻璃磚，這座“塔” 就連接了院落的過去與未來，是空間記憶的傳承。拆 除的雖然是違章加建的建筑，但也是 整個院落歷史中不可或缺的一章，更是城市記憶的一部分。 The old window frames are ke

37、pt and reorganised and reused for different rooms, hence preserving the vintage spatial atmosphere within the courtyard. Another vintage material that has been kept is a large number of old grey tiles, in which their age vary from a few hundred years old to the last century. These grey tiles are use

38、d for building the central staircase tower in the middle of the courtyard. Contemporary materials such as glass brick are embedded in it in order to create the “bridge” between the past and the present, achieving the continuation of spatial memory. Although the removed parts of the building are all

39、structures built illegally, yet they also perform important parts in the history of the courtyard and is also a part of the citys memory. 用老青磚搭建成庭院內(nèi)中心位置的樓梯塔，其間點綴嵌入現(xiàn)代材料玻璃磚，grey tiles are used for building the central staircase tower in the middle of the courtyard and contemporary materials such as gl

40、ass brick are embedded in 3. 私密性與開放性 Privacy and Openness A. 院落與城市的關(guān)系 The relationship between courtyard and city 傳統(tǒng)合院的建筑形式是一種較為私密的居住空間。雜院的居住特點是相對開放的，這種開放 性加強了人與人 之間的交流。我們希望在這個項目中，可以實現(xiàn)在城市公共空間與居住私 密空間之中，建立一個可進行交流 的、半私密半公共的空間。我們將入口處的房間設(shè)計為 咖啡館，同時為內(nèi)院的民宿部分提供接待功能。院落 主入口采取向胡同開敞的設(shè)計，使廊 道連同咖啡館變成了城市空間的一部分?？Х瑞^內(nèi)

41、僅有一張大桌子，民 宿內(nèi)的住客使用早 餐時，當?shù)氐目腿艘部梢詠砗瓤Х?，大家一起坐在同一張桌前進行交流。 The courtyard-type living space is prone to be private. The living characteristics of the courtyard house are relatively open, which enhances the communication between people.We expect that in the project, a semi- private and semi-public space for

42、communication can be established between urban public space and residential private space. We design a caf as the entrance, at the same time, it can be used as reception space for the homestays in the inner yard. The main entrance of the courtyard is designed to open to the Hutong, making the corrid

43、or and the caf part of the urban space. There is only one big table in the caf. When guests in the homestay are having breakfast, local residents can also come to have coffee, sitting at the same table and chitchat with each other. 入口廊道，the entrance corridor 廊道右側(cè)是對公眾開放的咖啡館，a cafe sits on the tunnels

44、 right-hand site 展覽空間位于內(nèi)院，可分時段對公眾開放，也增加了院落與城市的交流。 The exhibition space is located in the inner courtyard, which can be opened to the public at different times, increasing exchanges between the courtyard and the city. 日常用作藝廊的公共空間，public spaces which are available for public exhibition and display dur

45、ing the day B. 客房與客房的關(guān)系 The relationship between rooms 在傳統(tǒng)的星級酒店中，客房部分通常統(tǒng)一設(shè)計為彼此封閉的環(huán)境。我們想要打破這種封閉的 氛圍，所以在房 間立面設(shè)計了大面積的落地玻璃，并將客房內(nèi)看書、座談等相對公共的功能 區(qū)布置在窗邊。這樣除了增加采 光，不同客房的客人可以互相看到彼此，進行某種程度的交 流。而在房間內(nèi)側(cè)或墻體后面，安排了就寢空 間、衛(wèi)生間和浴室，保證了生活的私密性。 In traditional star hotels, guest-rooms are usually designed closed to each oth

46、er. However, we expect to break the closed atmosphere down. As a result, a large area of floor-to-ceiling glass was designed on the facade of the room, and the relatively public space for reading and chatting in the guest-room was arranged in the window side. In addition to increasing lighting, gues

47、ts in different rooms can see each other and communicate to some extent. In contrast, the bedroom space, toilet and bathroom were hidden in the room or behind the wall to guarantee the privacy of life. 在房間立面設(shè)計了大面積的落地玻璃，并將客房內(nèi)看書、座談等相對公共的功能區(qū)布置在 窗邊，a large area of floor-to-ceiling glass was designed on

48、the facade of the room, and the relatively public space for reading and chatting in the guest-room was arranged in the window side 4. 與自然的和諧共生 The symbiotic relationship with nature 胡同的居住環(huán)境特點，是人居環(huán)境和自然環(huán)境的有機結(jié)合。整座合院分為6間客房，各自分室 而居。我們盡 力為每個獨立的房間都營造出自然環(huán)境或是賦予自然環(huán)境的體驗。1、2號房將 一角的屋頂改造為玻璃屋頂， 并種植綠色植物。在室內(nèi)可時刻感受自然光

49、線變化，營造室外 庭院的氛圍。5、6號房分別擁有真正的室外庭 院，是屬于客房獨享的室外空間。 The living environment of Hutong is an organic combination of living and natural environment. The whole courtyard is divided into 6 guest-rooms separately. We try to create a natural environment or the experience of natural environment in each individua

50、l room. Acorner of the roof was converted into a crystal-clear glass roof and covered by greenery in No.1 and No.2 room. Therefore, people in the room can feel the changes of natural light at any time and the atmosphere of outdoor courtyard can be created. As for No.5 and No.6 room, each of them has

51、 a real outdoor courtyard, which is the exclusive outdoor space for guest-rooms. 房間2，room 2 2號房將一角的屋頂改造為玻璃屋頂，a corner of the roof was converted into a crystal-clear glass roof 在胡同里，“樹”和人們的生活環(huán)境有密切的互動。夏日炎炎，陽光被大樹繁茂的枝葉遮擋在 外，留下一隅陰 涼。冬天樹葉凋零，陽光穿過枝椏灑落院里，溫暖明亮。人和樹的關(guān)系是有 機的。因此，院落內(nèi)保留了一棵 數(shù)十年的老槐樹，延續(xù)了人和自然的有機關(guān)系，也維護了

52、人 與自然之間的微妙的互動。以往一些四合院的改 造，更多注重在建筑外觀的更新和建筑質(zhì)量 的提升。但在老街區(qū)里，在胡同中，四合院建筑的改造不應僅僅 停留在外觀符號性的重塑， 更重要的是保留生活的體驗。和樹一起生活的體驗、在庭院生活的體驗、開放的 生驗、 和城市結(jié)合的生驗以及每個角落里屬于這個城市的記憶。這些在外觀看不到的部 分，是 四合院最獨特的文化記憶 In Hutong, there is a close interaction between trees and people. During hot summer days, the sunshine was shaded by the l

53、uxuriant branches and leaves of the tree, leaving a shady corner. While, in winter, the leaves withered and the sunshine shimmers in the courtyard through the branches, leaving warmness and brightness in the bleak and windswept beauty. The relationship between people and trees is organic. Therefore, an old locust tree of several decades has been preserved in the courtyard, which not only continues the organ