1、.詞匯過關 1_ adj.難以置信的_(反義詞)_v相信_n信任；信心 2_v漫游；漂泊 3_vt.發(fā)現(xiàn)；認出_n斑點；污點 4_n過錯；責任 5_v認為；說明；總計有_n說明；理由 答案：1.unbelievable; believable; believe；belief2.wander 3spot; spot4.fault5.account; account,.短語 1撫養(yǎng)；教育_ 2前進；可以_ 3做出解釋_ 4與此相反；正相反_ 答案：1.bring up 2.go ahead 3.account for4.on the contrary,Grammar,名詞性從句,名詞性從句 名詞性

2、從句是一種具有名詞功能的非獨立分句。名詞性從句的功能相當于名詞詞組。它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語以及同位語。根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，它的分類為： 分類： 賓語從句 表語從句 主語從句 同位語從句,賓語從句,賓語從句連接詞： 從屬連詞：that, whether，if (不充當從句的任何成分)； 連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which(在句中擔任主語、賓語、表語或定語)； 連接副詞：when, where, how, why，whenever(在句中擔任狀語，表示時間、地點、方式或原因)。,賓語從句示例： I hope

3、 you can come with us. Make sure that the door is closed. We are talking about what we should do now. Im pleased that you can help me.,賓語從句的結構分類： vt / verb phrase+賓語從句 prep+賓語從句 adj+賓語從句(情感類的形容詞),學習賓語從句應注意以下幾點 1) 時態(tài) 當主句謂語動詞為祈使句/現(xiàn)在時/將來時，從句謂語動詞不受主句謂語動詞的影響，賓語從句可以選擇適當?shù)臅r態(tài)； Dont tell him what happened. I

4、know he didnt tell you the truth. I will tell him he has passed the exam. 當主句謂語為過去時態(tài)時，為保持時態(tài)一致，賓語從句應采用相應的過去時態(tài)(但賓語從句表示客觀真理、客觀存在的事物、格言時，仍然采用一般現(xiàn)在時)。,他說他曾經去過紐約。 He said he had been to New York. 杰克告訴我他去過那兒兩次了。 Jack told me that he had been there twice. 很久以前，人們就知道一年有四個季節(jié)。 Long long ago, people knew that th

5、ere are four seasons in a year. 當我還是個孩子時，媽媽告訴我太陽從東方升起，在西方落下。 When I was still a child, my mother told me that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,2) 賓語從句必須用陳述語序。 我弄明白了他為什么不上學的原因。 I found out why he didnt come to school. 3) it作形式賓語(that 不可省略) I made it clear that I was determined to carry

6、 out the plan. 我已表明決心執(zhí)行這個計劃。 I thought it strange that she failed to call me. 我覺得奇怪她沒給我打電話。,4)表示“心理活動”的形容詞afraid, certain, disappointed, happy, glad, sure, surprised, satisfied, sorry等，可以接賓語從句。 He was afraid that he would lose. 他擔心會輸。 I am sure that I put the money in the box. 我肯定把錢放在盒子里了。,5) “否定轉移”

7、 將think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, guess等動詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。 實際上，我覺得他的決定并不明智。 I dont think his decision is wise in reality. 我認為他是個誠實的人。 I dont believe that he is a dishonest man.,6)引導賓語從句時，whether和if常?；Q； 下列三種情況只用whether，不用if。 介詞+賓語只用whether引導。 He was worrying abou

8、t whether he had hurt her feeling. 他焦慮地想知道是否傷害了她的感情。 當whether引導的賓語從句位于句首表示強調時，不能被if替換。 Whether he will come or not, I am not sure. 我無法確認他是否會來。,whether 與or not 直接連用，構成whether or not (注意: whether/if.or not為正確結構)。 I dont care whether you like the plan or not. 我不在乎你是否喜歡該計劃。,7)引導賓語從句的連詞that一般可以省略，但是在及物動詞

9、之后跟有兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句時，只有第一個that可以省略。 The teacher said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 老師說課文非常重要，我們應該背下來。,8)wonder, doubt, be sure, be certain后的賓從的連接詞 I wonder that such little ants can carry so large food.(對感到驚訝) I wonder whether he is an honest man.（想知道） She dou

10、bts whether that is his wallet. I dont doubt that he is good at English. Im sure that he is the cleverest in his class. Im not sure whether he will help me.,9) 表示“建議，命令，要求，決定，主張”等動詞后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣, should + 動詞原形，should 可省略。這類動詞有 insist, suggest, propose, advise, order, command, request, demand, require

11、 ,recommend The doctor advised that I should have more food rich in fibre.,表語從句,表語從句 學習表語從句應注意以下幾點。 1)表語從句必須采用陳述語序。 The problem is when she comes back. 問題是她何時回來。 2)在表達“是否”這一概念時，用whether不用if。 The matter is whether he will come and give you a hand. 問題是他是否會來幫助你。,表語從句連接詞： 從屬連詞：that, whether (不充當從句的任何成分)

12、； 連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which(在句中擔任主語、賓語、表語或定語)； 連接副詞：when, where, how, why，whenever，wherever， however (在句中擔任狀語，表示時間、地點、方式或原因)。 其他連接詞：because，as if, as though 等,3)通常只用that引導表語從句的情況。 句子的主語為the reason時，表語從句采用that引導，表示原因，此時不用because。 她生病的原因是她吃了變質的肉。 The reason why she was ill

13、was that she had eaten bad meat. 句子的主語為the result時，表語從句采用that。 結果是他們中許多人發(fā)胖了。 The result is that many of them become fat。,由why引導的從句作主語時。 Why we decided to put off the match is that the weather was too terrible. 我們決定推遲比賽的原因是天氣太糟糕了。,4)as if/ though引導的表語從句通常置于系動詞look, seem, sound, be等后面；表語從句既可以采用虛擬語氣，也可

14、采用直陳語氣。 It sounded as if somebody was knocking at/on the door. 聽起來好像有人在敲門。,5）主語是表示“建議，命令，要求”（suggestion, proposal, advice, order, command, request, demand, requirement, ）名詞時，表語從句應用虛擬語氣。 My suggestion is that we should set off early tomorrow.,.語法練習 根據(jù)句子語境，給下列句子填上適當?shù)倪B接詞 1Mother was pleased_her daughte

15、r had passed the college entrance exams. 2That is _he likes the place so much. 3That is_he told us at the meeting 4This is_ the city comes into being. 5He didnt pass the examination. That is_he didnt follow the teachers advice. 6That village is said to be_Chairman Mao once lived.,7My question is_it

16、will take us to get to the airport. Will an hour be enough? 8You can buy_you want from the supermarket. 9The teacher will give the prize to_works out the problem first. 10It looks_it is going to snow. 答案：1.that2.why3.what4.how5.because6.where7.how long8.what/whatever9.whoever10.as if/as though,【牛刀小試

17、】 (1)(2010全國33)We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. AwhatBwhich Cwhat Dwhere 答案：D句意：我們還未討論將新買的家具放在什么地方。where引導賓語從句，并在從句中作地點狀語。,(2)(2010山東26)Before the sales start, I make a list of_my kids will need for the coming season. Awhy Bwhat Chow Dwhich 答案：B考查名詞性從句。of為介詞，后面缺少賓語；

18、賓語從句中need缺少賓語，因此只有用what才既可引導賓語從句，同時在賓語從句中作need的賓語。,(3)(2010江蘇35)I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats _I dont agree. You should have a more active life. Awhere Bhow Cwhen Dwhat 答案：A句意：我更喜歡星期天把自己關在家里聽音樂。這就是我不同意你的地方，你應該有更積極的生活。此處用where引導表語從句，where在從句中作狀語，且句意表達通順，

19、故選A。,(4)(2010全國10)Have you finished the book? No, Ive read up to _the children discover the secret cave. Awhich Bwhat Cthat Dwhere 答案：D考查where 引導的賓語從句句意：你讀完這本書了嗎？沒有，我讀到孩子們發(fā)現(xiàn)秘密洞穴那個地方。,(5)(2010天津14)As a new graduate，he doesnt know_it takes to start a business here. Ahow Bwhat Cwhen Dwhich 答案：B句意：作為一名新

20、畢業(yè)生，他不知道創(chuàng)業(yè)需要什么。it take sth to do sth花費干某事。本題考查賓語從句，且從句中缺少take的賓語，故用what。,(6)(2010福建35)We should respect food and think about the people who dont have _we have here and treat food nicely. Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhether 答案：C考查名詞性從句。第一個have是及物動詞，需加賓語；第二個have也缺少賓語，因此用what引導賓語從句，同時也在從句中作賓語，what相當于anything t

21、hat。,(7)(2010北京31)I want to be liked and loved for_I am inside. Awho Bwhere Cwhat Dhow 答案：C句意：我想叫人們因為我的內在本質而喜歡我愛我。此題考查賓語從句的用法。what 此處表示“的內容/事情”，相當于“the thing that”。,(8)(2010北京32)Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was_it was rather closely modeled on his own li

22、fe. Awhat Bthat Cwhy Dwhether 答案：B句意：查里斯狄更斯喜歡他自己的小說大衛(wèi)科波菲爾的部分原因是該小說是以他自己的生活為模板來寫的。此題考查固定句型“The reason is/was that.”的用法。,(9)(2010湖南35)Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry. Awhere Bwhether Cthat Dwhy 答案：D句意：辛迪重重地關上門，大哭起來。辦公室里沒人知道她為什么如此生氣。本題考查賓語從

23、句，根據(jù)句意，D項正確。,(10)(2010四川14)How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. Awhat Bwho Chow Dwhy 答案：B句意：一個人在旅游中玩的高興程度在很大程度上取決于他是和誰在一起去的，不管是他的朋友還是親戚。介詞on后跟賓語從句， 從句中缺少介詞with的賓語，用關系代詞，排除C、D；由句意知，應用who。,(11)(2009全國24)Could I speak to_is in charge of International Sales please? Awho Bwhat Cwhoever Dwhatever 答案：Cwhoever既作to的賓語，又作is in charge of International Sales 的主語。引導賓語從句。,(12)(2009北京