1、基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練,優(yōu)化句子的常用方法,一、同位語(yǔ)手段,三、運(yùn)用并列句,二、運(yùn)用短語(yǔ),四、運(yùn)用復(fù)合句,2008年廣東高考題,你很榮幸地成為2008北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)的一名志愿者，負(fù)責(zé)編寫(xiě)奧運(yùn)比賽項(xiàng)目的英語(yǔ)介紹。 【寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容】 請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下中文提綱，編寫(xiě)射擊項(xiàng)目的英語(yǔ)介紹： 背景：射擊最初只是生存工具，19世紀(jì)末才發(fā)展成體育活動(dòng)。 1896：第一次成為奧運(yùn)項(xiàng)目 1904：中斷 1928：中斷,1932：重回奧運(yùn)會(huì)1968：第一次允許婦女參加奧運(yùn)射擊比賽 現(xiàn)狀：穩(wěn)步發(fā)展，1896年奧運(yùn)會(huì)只有三項(xiàng) 射擊項(xiàng)目，現(xiàn)今有17項(xiàng)。 【寫(xiě)作要求】 只能使用5個(gè)句子表達(dá)全部?jī)?nèi)容。 【評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】 句子結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確，信息內(nèi)容完整，篇章

2、結(jié)構(gòu)連貫。, Shooting, originated as a means of survival, developed into a sport only in the late 19th century. The sport , which first appeared in 1896, was ever suspended during the 1904 and 1928 Games. It was only four years before the sport returned to the Olympic. However, not until 1968 were women f

3、irst allowed to compete in the Olympic shooting. With the sport becoming more and more popular, it has grown steadily from just 3 shooting events at the 1896 Olympic Games to 17 today.,廣東08高考基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作范文：,句子表達(dá)有何亮點(diǎn)？,一、運(yùn)用同位語(yǔ),此方法多用于介紹人物、事物、產(chǎn)品、書(shū)名或地點(diǎn)等。 【例1】介紹事物： （2008） 射擊最初只是生存工具，19世紀(jì)才發(fā)展成為一項(xiàng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。 Shooting, a m

4、eans of survival originally, developed into a sport only in the late 19th century.,【例2】介紹人物： （2009） 上周我們就中小學(xué)生近視問(wèn)題采訪了眼科醫(yī)生王教授。 Last week, we had an interview with Professor Wang, an eye-doctor, concerning the issue of short-sightedness of the school children in China.,一、運(yùn)用同位語(yǔ),【例3】介紹書(shū)名：（2011） 書(shū)名： Battl

5、e Hymn of the Tiger Mother 作者： Amy Chua，美籍華人，耶魯大學(xué)教授 中文版： 2011年初開(kāi)始在中國(guó)銷售 A book, Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, written by Amy Chua, an American-Chinese, has been sold in China since the beginning of 2011.,1. Guangzhou is the capital of Guangdong Province. It is located in the middle of Guangdong Pr

6、ovince. It is the culture and economy center of Guangdong Province. Guangzhou, the capital and the culture and economy center of Guangdong Province, is located in the middle of Guangdong.,運(yùn)用同位語(yǔ)合并句子,2. Zhang Hai is male. He is 23 years old. He graduated from Hunan Normal University last year. Zhang H

7、ai, male, 23 years old, graduated from Hunan Normal University last year.,運(yùn)用同位語(yǔ)合并句子,1. 去年，我被邀請(qǐng)參加一個(gè)為“待援助的孩子”（Tuesday Child）舉辦的一個(gè)狂歡節(jié)（carnival），“待援助的孩子”是一個(gè)幫助艾滋患兒的組織。 Last year, I was invited to participate in a carnival for Tuesday Child, _.,運(yùn)用同位語(yǔ)完成句子,an organization that helps children with AIDS,2. 離2

8、010年還有一個(gè)月時(shí)間，但孤星指南（the Lonely Planet）等不及宣布來(lái)年十大旅游城市排行榜，孤星指南是世界最暢銷旅游指南雜志之一。 There is still more than one month to go before 2012. But the Lonely Planet, _ _ , cant wait to announce its top 10 cities to travel to in the coming year.,運(yùn)用同位語(yǔ)完成句子,one of the worlds best-selling travel guides,1. 李敏是個(gè)女孩子，今年18歲

9、，她在光華中學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，她是我的鄰居也是我最好的朋友。 Li Min, a girl of 18, my neighbour and my best friend, is studying in Guanghua Middle School.,運(yùn)用同位語(yǔ)翻譯合并句子,2. 姓名：Steve Jobs 別名：蘋(píng)果教父（godfather） 出生地：美國(guó)加州三藩市 出生日期：1955年2月24日 逝世日期：2011年10月5日 Steve Jobs, the godfather of Apple, was born in San Francisco, California, the USA on Fe

10、bruary 24th, 1955 and passed away on October 5th, 2011.,運(yùn)用同位語(yǔ)翻譯合并句子,介詞短語(yǔ) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)：現(xiàn)在分詞 過(guò)去分詞 不定式短語(yǔ),二、運(yùn)用短語(yǔ),介詞短語(yǔ)常作狀語(yǔ)。 【例4】我很驚訝，一切進(jìn)展得那么順利。 【一般】I was surprise. Everything went on very well. 【高級(jí)】To my surprise, everything went on well.,介詞短語(yǔ)常作定語(yǔ)。 【例5】Waste water is making the river worse and worse. The wast

11、e water is from a factory. The factory lies on the river. 【高級(jí)】Waste water from the factory on the river is making the river worse and worse.,1. Xiaxi Town is not big but beautiful. It has an area of about 8 square kilometers. Xiaxi Town, with an area of about 8 square kilometers, is not big but beau

12、tiful. 2. There is an old tower. The tower lies in the east of the town. There is a river behind the tower. In the east of the town lies an old tower, behind which there is a river.,運(yùn)用介詞短語(yǔ)合并句子,3. We started early. We wanted to enjoy the sunrise on the top of the tower. We started early (in order/ so

13、 as/in an effort) to enjoy /with the purpose (goal) of enjoying the sunrise on the top of the tower. 4. As soon as we got there, we began to take photos. On arriving there, we began to take photos.,5. A professor gave us a talk this morning. He came from Beijing University. He talked about how to le

14、arn English well. A professor from Beijing University gave us a talk about/on how to learn English well this morning. 6. He told us of his own interesting experiences of learning English. We laughed a lot. On hearing his own interesting experiences of learning English, we laughed a lot.,7. His talk

15、lasted an hour. He asked us some questions. During the one-hour talk, he asked us some questions.,使用時(shí)請(qǐng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后（一般情況下，盡量用不定式的主動(dòng)式） ； 現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，該動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或緊接著發(fā)生； 過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)，或表示該動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，或者沒(méi)有時(shí)間性； 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。,二、運(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),【例6】故事是用簡(jiǎn)單的英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)的，很受英語(yǔ)初學(xué)者的歡迎。 【一般】The stories are

16、 written in simple English. They are popular with English beginners. 【高級(jí)】Written in simple English, the stories are popular with English beginners.,二、運(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),1. He is ill. He didnt go to school. Being ill, he didnt go to school. 2. Im writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech conte

17、st. It will be held on June 5. Im writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held on June 5.,運(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)合并句子,3. After she listened to me for a while, she gave me a big smile and said she liked my voice very much. After listening to me for a while, she gave me a big smile a

18、nd said she liked my voice very much. 4. I dont know his name. I call him Good Man. Not knowing his name, I call him Good Man.,5. The man is singing a song. He is my brother. The man singing a song is my brother. 6. Suddenly I saw an ant. She was trying hard to move another ant who was dead. Suddenl

19、y I saw an ant trying hard to move another ant who was dead.,常用的并列連詞有and, but, or, otherwise, nor, so, yet, however, for, as well as, both and, not only but also, either or, neither nor, and then, since 等。,三、運(yùn)用并列句,【例7】他不喜歡音樂(lè)，也不喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)。 【一般】He doesnt like music. He doesnt like sports, either. 【高級(jí)】He lik

20、es neither music nor sports.,三、運(yùn)用并列句,【例8】我不喜歡他，他很自私。 【一般】I dont like him. He is selfish. 【高級(jí)】 I dont like him, for he is selfish.,三、運(yùn)用并列句,1. He works hard himself. He encourages us to work hard, too. He not only works hard himself, but also encourages us to work hard. 2. These glasses are very expen

21、sive. Please be careful with them. Please be careful with these glasses, for they are very expensive.,運(yùn)用并列連詞合并句子,3. Half of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols. 48% of the boys favour sports stars. Half of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols while 48% of the boys favour s

22、ports stars. 4. I am good at expressing myself. I have the language advantage over others. Not only am I good at expressing myself, but I also have the language advantage over others.,5. According to the professor, the cause of short-sightedness is very complicated. No medicine can cure it. Accordin

23、g to the professor, the cause of short-sightedness is very complicated so no medicine can cure it.,6. The government should be aware of the importance of providing education for all the children. The average people should be aware of the importance, too. The government, as well as the average people

24、/Both the government and the average people should be aware of the importance of providing education for all the children.,最常用的是狀語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句。 【例9】廢水被直接排放到河里，河水被嚴(yán)重污染。 【一般】Waste water is directly let into the river. The river is seriously polluted. 【高級(jí)】The river is seriously polluted becau

25、se waste water is directly let into it.,四、運(yùn)用復(fù)合句,【例10】他病得很重，這讓我著急。 【一般】He was seriously ill. It made me worried. 【高級(jí)】He was seriously ill, which made me worried.,四、運(yùn)用復(fù)合句,1. He never lost a game. I was really astonished. I was really astonished that he never lost a game. 2. Li Hua is my classmate. His

26、 English is very good. Li Hua is my classmate, whose English is very good.,運(yùn)用復(fù)合句合并句子,3. As for myself, Thomas Edison is my idol. His inventions have greatly changed our life. As for myself, Thomas Edison is my idol because his inventions have greatly changed our life. As for myself, Thomas Edison, w

27、hose inventions have greatly changed our life, is my idol.,4. Currently China has about 350 million smokers. Among these smokers 75% are men and 25% are women. Currently China has about 350 million smokers, among whom 75% are men and 25% are women.,5. We are now living in an information age. TV, cel

28、ls and the Web are widely used in this age. We are now living in an information age, in which TV, cells and the Web are widely used.,6. The government would organize more than 1, 100 engineers and workers from across the country to dig wells in the countrys southwest. It is reported. It is reported

29、that the government would organize more than 1, 100 engineers and workers from across the country to dig wells in the countrys southwest. As is reported, the government would organize more than 1, 100 engineers and workers from across the country to dig wells in the countrys southwest.,需要注意的是，我們?cè)趯?xiě)作時(shí)

30、，要注意不要一味地追求復(fù)雜的句型，能簡(jiǎn)則簡(jiǎn)，能用短語(yǔ)，就不要用從句。在句式多樣的前提下，盡量做到精煉。 【例11】我正在餐桌旁吃飯，一個(gè)人朝我走了過(guò)來(lái)，那個(gè)人戴著一頂黑帽子。 【復(fù)雜】I was at table when a man who was wearing a black hat came up to me. 【簡(jiǎn)明】When I was at table, a man wearing a black hat came up to me.,寫(xiě)作中復(fù)合句常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤,1.只有從句，沒(méi)有主句,The keeper who had lived in the light tower for a

31、 long time, so he could keep calm in the storm.,2.以逗號(hào)代替句號(hào),把兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句當(dāng)成一個(gè)句子, The old man thought of his son, tears came down from his face., The hall is different from all other buildings, it is made of glass.,3.刻意使用從句，表達(dá)不自然,There are over fifty students in this school who are going to take part in the s

32、ports meet next Sunday.,Over fifty students in this school are going to take part in the sports meet next Sunday.,4.過(guò)多地使用并列句組合信息, We were driving out into the country, and we saw our English teacher riding in a bus, and the bus was crowded., It is a beautiful day, and the sun is shining and a breeze

33、 is blowing., It is a beautiful day with the sun shining and a breeze blowing., As we were driving out into the country, we saw our English teacher riding in a crowded bus., Kate is a new student. She comes from a northern province. She speaks a dialect. We find it hard to understand her dialect.,Ka

34、te, a new student from a northern province, speaks a dialect which we find it hard to understand.,用一句話表達(dá),不是人人都能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)，小學(xué)生同時(shí)學(xué)漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)反而會(huì)影響漢語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)。,第一步：拆分成幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,不是人人都能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。 小學(xué)生同時(shí)學(xué)漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)。 這會(huì)影響漢語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)。,第二步：分別翻譯這幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句, Not everyone is good at learning English., This will affect their Chinese study., Children from pr

35、imary school learn English and Chinese at the same time., Not everyone is good at learning English., Children from primary school start to learn English and Chinese at the same time., This will affect their Chinese study.,第三步：合并句子,That children from primary school start to learn English and Chinese

36、at the same time will affect their Chinese study,because not everyone is good at learning English., Not everyone is good at learning English., Children from primary school start to learn English and Chinese at the same time., This will affect their Chinese study.,第三步：合并句子,If children from primary sc

37、hool start to learn English and Chinese at the same time, this will affect their Chinese study,方法2：,because not everyone is good at learning English.,你來(lái)試試,參考詞匯： 錯(cuò)別字: wrongly-written characters 網(wǎng)絡(luò)語(yǔ)言：web language,要求：1. 用兩句話表達(dá)表格內(nèi)容 2. 兩句話要有連貫性,第一句（兩個(gè)信息點(diǎn)）： 1. 學(xué)生作文中出現(xiàn)很多錯(cuò)別字 2.（他們）上網(wǎng)聊天時(shí)經(jīng)常使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)語(yǔ)言。, There are

38、many wrongly-written characters in students compositions.,The reason why there are many wrongly-written characters in students compositions is that they often use web languages when chatting on line.,合并句子：, They often use web languages when chatting on line.,1. They have so much homework to do every

39、 day that they fail to memorize the new characters.,第二句: 1. 每天有很多作業(yè)做 2. 沒(méi)有記住生字。, They have much homework to do every day.,2. With so much homework to do every day, they fail to memorize the new characters.,3. Because they have so much homework to do, they fail to memorize the new characters.,合并句子：,

40、They fail to memorize the new characters.,連接兩句話： The reason why there are many wrongly-written characters in students compositions is that they often use web languages when chatting on line. Moreover, they have so much homework to do every day that they fail to memorize the new characters.,昨天，我們?cè)诎嗬镞M(jìn)

41、行了一場(chǎng)討論。我們討論是否應(yīng)該幫助那些困境中的人。我的一些同學(xué)說(shuō)應(yīng)該。他們認(rèn)為幫助他人是我們中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德。一些人認(rèn)為幫助他人不是個(gè)好主意?，F(xiàn)在的人忘恩負(fù)義。我們可能受到我們想幫助的人的傷害。依我之見(jiàn)，我們應(yīng)伸出援助之手給那些需要幫助的人。人人能互相關(guān)心。這個(gè)世界會(huì)更美好。,翻譯合并 將下列句子譯成英文，然后運(yùn)用本課件的方法，并使用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞將它們組成一篇五句話的短文。,昨天，我們?cè)诎嗬镞M(jìn)行了一場(chǎng)討論。 Yesterday we had a discussion in our class. 我們討論是否應(yīng)該幫助那些困境中的人。 We discussed whether we should

42、 help those in trouble . 我的一些同學(xué)說(shuō)應(yīng)該。 Some of my classmates said we should.,他們認(rèn)為幫助他人是我們中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德。 They think helping others is a good traditional virtue of us Chinese people. 一些人認(rèn)為幫助他人不是個(gè)好主意。 Others didnt think it is a good idea to help other people. 現(xiàn)在的人忘恩負(fù)義。 People nowadays are ungrateful.,我們可能受到我們想幫助的人的傷害。 We may be hurt by those who we are trying to help. 依我之見(jiàn)，我們應(yīng)伸出援助之手給那些需要幫助的人。 In my view, we should give a hand to the people in need of help. 人人能互相關(guān)心。 Everyone can care for each other. 這個(gè)世界會(huì)更美好。 The world will become more beautiful.,Yesterday we had a discussion on/about whe