1、2012 年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試 英英 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)（北京卷） 本試卷共 16 頁(yè)，共150 分，考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)120 分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試 卷上作答無(wú)效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。 第一部分：聽(tīng)力理解（共三節(jié)，第一部分：聽(tīng)力理解（共三節(jié)，3030 分）分） 第一節(jié)（共 5 小題；每小題 1.5 分，共 7.5 分） 聽(tīng)下面 5 段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有一道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C 三個(gè) 選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后，你將有10 秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱 讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白你將聽(tīng)一遍。 例：What is the man going

2、to read? A. A newspaper B. A magazine C. A book 答案是 A。 1.Who answered the phone？ A. MikeB. HenryC. Tom 2.Whats the womans favourite food? A. Italian.B. Chinese.C. Indian 3.When does the first flight arrive in Detroit? A. 5:18am.B.6:10amC.8:50am 4.What is the woman looking for? A. ZooB. TelephoneC. T

3、ennis court 5.What will the weather be like at the weekend? A. Cloudy.B. Snowy.C. Sunny 第二節(jié)（共 10 小題，每小題 1.5 分，共 15 分） 聽(tīng)下面 4 段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白，每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C 三個(gè) 選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有 5 秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀每小題。聽(tīng)完后， 每小題將給出 5 秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白你將聽(tīng)兩遍。 聽(tīng)第 6 段材料，回答第 6 至 7 題。 6.Where are the two speakers? A. In the hotel

4、B In a shopC. In a restaurant 7.How much did the man pay in the end? A. $115.B. $130C. $140 聽(tīng)第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 9 題。 8.What did the man do last weekend? A. Watched TV.B. Stayed at home.C. Visited a friend 9.What will the woman probably do this weekend? A. Play tennis.B. Do some shoppingC. Go to a dance

5、 聽(tīng)第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 題。 10. Where are the new houses? A. On the main road.B. Close to a bus station.C. Near the sports center. 11. What does the woman like most about the new houses? A. The garden.B. The space.C. The quietness 12. How does the man feel about the womans suggestion? A. Delighted.B. D

6、isappointed.C. Uninterested. 聽(tīng)第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 15 題。 13. What cant the students do without a teacher? A. Hold parties. B. Complete the Safety Sheet. C. Use any emergency equipment. 14. Why are the students asked to tie back their loose hour in the lab? A. It may catch fire B. It may cover their eyes

7、. C. It may pass chemicals to their faces. 15. What is the speech mainly about? A. Laboratory regulations. B. Safety instructions. C. After-class activities. 第三節(jié)（共 5 小題：每小題 1.5 分，共 7.5 分） 聽(tīng)下面的一段對(duì)話，完成第 16 至 20 五道小題，每小題近填寫(xiě)一個(gè)詞，聽(tīng)對(duì)話前，你 將有 20 秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀試題，聽(tīng)完后你將有60 秒鐘的作答時(shí)間，這段對(duì)話你將聽(tīng)兩遍。 Telephone Cancellation Re

8、quest FormTelephone Cancellation Request Form Account NameAccount Name Telephone No.Telephone No. Home Phone PlanHome Phone Plan Reason for CancellationReason for Cancellation Cancellation Date RequiredCancellation Date Required Edward16 17 Nonrefundable(不退款) 18 pre-paid plan 19house 209, by 5:00 pm

9、 第二部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，第二部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，4545 分）分） 第一節(jié) 單項(xiàng)填空（共 15 小題：每小題 1 分，共 15 分） 從每題所給的 A、B、C、D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題 卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。 例：Its so nice to hear from her again _, we last met more than thirty years ago. A. Whats moreB. Thats to say C. In other wordsD. Believe it or not 答案是 D。 21. Look at those clouds

10、! Dont worry. _ it rains, well still have a great time. A. Even ifB.As thoughC. In caseD. If only 22. By the time you have finished this book, your meal _ cold. A. getsB. has gotC. will getD.is getting 23. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them. A. correctsB. correctC.to correctD. corre

11、cting 24. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently. A. whyB. howC. thatD. whether 25. George said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he _. A. wouldntB. didntC. hasntD. hadnt 26. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was ，he wo

12、uld forget all about eating or sleeping. A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when 27. _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks. A. UseB. UsingC. UsedD. To use 28. Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _. A. someB. lessC. muchD. more 29. Have you heard about that fire i

13、n the market? Yes, fortunately no one _. A. hurtB. was hurtC. has hurtD. had been hurt 30. Our friendship _ quickly over the weeks that followed. A. had developedB. was developing C. would developD. developed 31. _ at the door before you enter my room, please. A. KnockB. KnockingC. KnockedD. To knoc

14、k 33. We _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me? A. should faceB. might face C. could have facedD. must have faced 34. Do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders? A. atB. onC. toD. across 35. Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel. A. isB. wereC. has beenD. had been 第二

15、節(jié)第二節(jié) 完形填空（共完形填空（共 2020 小題；每小題小題；每小題 1.51.5 分，共分，共 3030 分）分） 閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)， 并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。 InspirationInspiration “Mama, when I grow up, Im going to be one of those!” I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Company perform when I was three. It was the first time that my _

16、36_ took on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training. As I grew older and was _37_ to more, my interests in the world of dance _38_ varied but that little girls dream of someday becoming a _39_ in the company never left me. In the summer of 2005 when I was 18, I received th

17、e phone call which made that dream a _40_; I became a member of the company _41_ back to 1925. As I look back on that day now, it surely _42_ any sense of reality. I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief _43_ I was halfway through rehearsals (排練) on my first day. I never actually _44_ to

18、 get the job. After being offered the position, I was completely _45_. I remember shaking with excitement. Though I was absolutely thrilled with the change, it did not come without its fair share of _46_. Through the strict rehearsal period of dancing six days a week, I found it vital to _47_ up the

19、 material fast with every last bit of concentration. It is that extreme _48_ to detail ( 細(xì)節(jié)) and stress on practice that set us _49_. To then follow those high-energy rehearsals _50_ a busy show schedule of up to five performances a day, I discovered a new _51_ of the words “hard work.” What I thoug

20、ht were my physical _52_ were pushed much further than I thought _53_. I learned to make each performance better than the last. Today, when I look at the unbelievable company that I have the great _54_ of being a part of, not only as a member, but as a dance captain, I see a _55_ that has inspired n

21、ot only generations of little girls but a splendid company that continues to develop and grow-and inspires people every day to follow their dreams. 36. A. hobbyB. planC. dreamD. word 37. A connectedB. expandedC. exposedD. extended 38. A. rarelyB. certainlyC. probablyD. consistently 39. A. directorB.

22、 trainerC. leaderD. dancer 40. A. symbolB. memoryC. truthD. reality 41. A. bouncingB. datingC. turningD. tracking 42. A. lacksB. addsC. makesD. brings 43. A. whileB. sinceC. untilD. when 44. A. CaredB. ExpectedC. AskedD. Decided 45. A. motivatedB. relaxedC. convincedD. astonished 46. A. challengesB.

23、 profitsC. advantagesD. adventures 47. A. putB. mix C. buildD. pick 48. A. AttentionB. associationC. attractionD. adaptation 49. A. apartB. asideC. offD. back 50. A. overB. byC. withD. beyond 51. A. functionB. meaningC. expressionD. usage 52. A. boundariesB. problems C. barriersD. efforts 53. A. nec

24、essaryB. perfectC. properD. possible 54. A. talentB. honorC. potentialD. responsibility 55. A. victoryB. trendC. traditionD. desire 第三部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，第三部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，4040 分）分） 第一節(jié)（共 15 小題；每小題 2 分，共 30 分） 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的 A、B、C、D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡 上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。 A A The Basics of MathThe Basics of MathMade ClearMad

25、e Clear Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra( 代數(shù)) and beyond. The lessons in Basic Math c

26、over every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents(指數(shù)), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of m

27、athematics, and how these operations can be used practically. Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance to “make sense

28、” of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazingand completely understandablefield of study. By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic

29、 math. They will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges. Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Televis

30、ion as “the best math teacher in America,” is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary. With

31、 a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses include various make-up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers. If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easi

32、ly exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back. 56. What does the course Basic Math mainly cover? A. Algebra.B. College Mathematics. C. Arithmetic.D. Mathematics Education. 57. What benefits can students expect from Basic Math? A. Stronger imaginative ability. B. A

33、dditional presentation skills. C. More mathematical confidence. D. Greater chances of becoming teachers. 58. What can we learn about Professor H. Siegel? A. He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Television. B. He is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math. C. He works in Georgia State Universi

34、ty. D. He specializes in training teachers. 59. Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from? A. A news report.B. A book review C. A lesson plan.D. An advertisement B B Peanuts to ThisPeanuts to This Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find myclassmates bearing b

35、ig smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. Confused, I glanced toward my stone-faced teacher. Having no choice, I slowly raised the report I had slaved over, hoping to hide myself. “What could be causing everyone to act this way?” Quickly, I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the t

36、ask. This was the first real talk I received in my new school. It seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington. Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that name before. As I searched the name of thi

37、s fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts, while the other led some sort of army across America. I stared at the screen, wondering which one my teacher meant. I called my grandfather for ago

38、lden piece of advice; flip (擲) a coin. Headsthe commander, and tailsthe peanuts guy. Ah! Tails, my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter, George Washington Carver. Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat dow

39、n at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear, “My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quite! How could I know that she meant that George Washington? Obviously, my grade w

40、as awful. Heartbroken but fearless, I decided to turn this around. I talked to Miss Lancelot, but she insisted: No re-dos; no new grade. I felt that the punishment was not justified, and I believed I deserved a second chance. Consequently, I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the sch

41、ool year. Ten months later, that chance unfolded as I found myself sitting in the headmasters office with my grandfather, now having an entirely different conversation. I smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my option to ski

42、p the sixth grade. Justice is sweet! 60. What did the authors classmates think about his report? A. Controversial.B. Ridiculous. C. Boring.D. Puzzling. 61. Why was the author confused about the task? A. He was unfamiliar with American history. B. He followed the advice and flipped a coin. C. He forg

43、ot his teachers instruction. D. He was new at the school. 62. The underlined word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means _. A. annoyedB. ashamed C. readyD. eager 63. In the end, the author turned things around _. A. by redoing his task B. through his own efforts C. with the help of his grandfather D. u

44、nder the guidance of his headmaster C C Decision-making under StressDecision-making under Stress A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (負(fù)面的) conse

45、quences of a decision. The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways. “Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.” For example, two recent studies looked at how

46、people learned to connect images(影 像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In

47、 both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress. This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under

48、 stress at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled. The research also found t

49、hat stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different. Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the expe

50、riment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win. This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women

51、 are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction. 64. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to _. A. keep rewards better in their memory B. recall consequences more effortlessly C. make risk

52、y decisions more frequently D. learn a subject more effectively 65. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their _. A. ways of making choicesB. preference for pleasure 66. C. tolerance of punishmentsD. responses to suggestions The research has proved that in a stressful si

53、tuation, _. A. women find it easier to fall into certain habits B. men have a greater tendency to slow down C. women focus more on outcomes D. men are more likely to take risks D D WildernessWilderness “In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regard

54、ed as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved. As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild,

55、the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(開(kāi)發(fā)) brings to such landscapes(景觀) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans

56、needthe rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr.Sauven, these ”ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation. Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as wa

57、ter conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of usi

58、ng resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself,

59、 a characteristic worth valuing above all others. I look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm. This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but al