1、Square foot/meter gardening: Micro-production of food and herbs for underserved populations,Dr. Deborah B. Hill Department of Forestry, University of Kentucky,CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRITION,Nutritional status has a powerful influence on how infants and children develop. Effects extend to all areas

2、of childrens cognitive, motor and behavioral development. Early good nutrition helps children to grow up to be healthy and productive members of society.,WHAT IS SQUARE FOOT/METER GARDENING?,A simple, unique and versatile system that adapts to all levels of experience, physical ability, and geograph

3、ical location. Grow vegetables, herbs and flowers in only 20% of the space of a conventional row garden. Saves time, water, work and money. Photo: Bob Zeidler,In the 1970s, an engineer named Mel Bartholomew devised a method of gardening that would enable people to produce enough greens and vegetable

4、s during the growing season for a family of 4 in one or more 4 x 4 foot garden(s). Illustration: Erick Ingraham,HISTORY OF SQUARE FOOT GARDENING,History,His book, entitled Square Foot Gardening , is the best-selling gardening book of all time. The technique is so simple that everyone says, “I can do

5、 that!”,History,In the 1990s, Bartholomew became more interested in spreading the word internationally, and square meter gardening is the result.,Basic Concepts: LOCATION,Pick an area that gets 6-8 hours of sunshine daily. Most plants need this. Stay clear of trees and shrubs where roots and shade m

6、ay interfere.,LOCATION,Have it close to the house for convenience and protection. Existing soil is not really important, since you wont be using it. Area around garden should have good drainage,Basic Concepts: COMPOST,Compost is a clean, crumbly, rich, earthy substance you can make to use as your ga

7、rden soil. Properly made, it has all of the nutrients your plants need.,Basic Concepts: COMPOST,In just about a month (in the summer time) you can make your own compost. Pile up weeds, kitchen waste, barnyard manure (not dog or cat), dry grass clippings, leaves, etc. The greater the variety, the ric

8、her the compost. Dont add fats, meats, dairy or bakery products. Keep mixing in new things, turn the whole pile weekly and keep it moist.,Process Steps: 1 - LAYOUT,Arrange your garden in squares, not rows. Lay it out in 4 foot x 4 foot or 1 meter x 1 meter planting areas.,Process Steps: 2 - BOXES,Bu

9、ild boxes to hold a new soil mix or compost above ground. Use a solid base on concrete; usenewspaper or cardboard as a base on grass or soil. Box sides should be: 4 feet x 6 inches or 1 m x 15 cm.,Process Steps: 3 - AISLES,Space boxes 3 feet or 1 meter apart to form walking (and working) aisles.,Pro

10、cess Steps: 4 - CARE,NEVER WALK ON YOUR GROWING SOIL. Tend your garden from the aisles.,Process Steps: 5 - SOIL,Fill boxes with 100% compost or with a special mix of equal volumes of coarse vermiculite, peat moss and compost.,Process Steps: 6 - GRID,* Make a 1 foot (16 squares) or a 1/3 meter (9 squ

11、ares) grid for the top of each box. A MUST!,Process Steps: 7 - SELECT,Plant a different flower, vegetable, or herb crop in each square, using 1, 4, 9, or 16 plants per square, as appropriate.,Process Steps: 8 - PLANT,Conserve seeds. Plant only a pinch (2 or 3 seeds) per hole. Place transplants in a

12、slight saucer-shaped depression.,Water by hand from a bucket of sun-warmed water.,Process Steps: 9-WATER,Process Steps: 10 - HARVEST,* When you finish harvesting a square, add compost and replant it with a new and different crop. For example, if you started with a root crop (beets), plant a leaf (le

13、ttuce) or fruit (tomato) crop next.,Photos: Bob Zeidler,PARTNERS OF THE AMERICAS,POA is an international grass-roots exchange program that “partners” states or cities in the U.S. with countries or parts of countries in South America, Central America and the Caribbean. It began in the 1960s during th

14、e Kennedy administration. Kentucky is partnered with northern Ecuador.,PARTNERS OF THE AMERICAS,Programs are designed cooperatively (north and south) in agriculture, health and medicine, education, arts, sports, civics, domestic violence prevention, etc. Agriculture programs in Ecuador and 6 other c

15、ountries in South America and Central America have been supported by the international Farmer-to-Farmer program over the past several years.,PARTNERS OF THE AMERICAS,Northerners usually travel for 10 days to work on projects in the south in cooperation with local people. This is a reasonable time pe

16、riod for busy people to get involved in international extension efforts.,BUILDING A SQUARE METER GARDEN WITH SCHOOLCHILDREN,BUILDING SQUARE METER GARDENS WITH VILLAGE PEOPLE,EXTENSION APPLICATIONS,SFG/SMG techniques can be used in almost any situation urban, suburban, rural backyards, patios, balcon

17、ies. The techniques are basic enough that people with varying levels of ability can still grow some food for themselves. These small gardens can be raised so that people in wheelchairs can still have access.,Illustration: Erick Ingraham,EXTENSION APPLICATIONS,SFG uses concepts of crop rotation, comp

18、anion planting, and pest resistance on a micro scale, but these ideas can translate to the macro (farm) scale. Some people trained in Square Meter Gardening in Ecuador have begun to add more organic matter to their fields and have become more concerned with implementing the concepts of crop rotation

19、.,Illustration: Erick Ingraham,Growing ones own food brings maximum nutrients to meals. Growing at least some of ones own food responds to issues of food safety and food security.,EXTENSION APPLICATIONS,EXTENSION APPLICATIONS,Eating fresh greens and vegetables is recommended for many health issues d

20、iabetes, weight management, heart conditions, etc. HEEL (Health Education through Extension Leadership) is a new program in Kentucky. It targets lifestyle changes for the general public to combat our most serious chronic diseases, such as diabetes, heart conditions, lung cancer, etc.,FORESTRY APPLIC

21、ATIONS,Forest farming is one of the five agroforestry techniques that have been developed in many parts of the world, and that are now being used more frequently in the United States. Some of the most valuable plants to grow in a forest farming situation are medicinal plants such as ginseng, goldenseal, black cohosh and blue cohosh.,FORESTRY APPLICATIONS,SFG techniques can be used to grow medicinal/botanical annuals, and to germinate tree seeds. The small size of these “gardens” makes them