1、The Non-Predicate Verbs,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式,當(dāng)給貓適當(dāng)?shù)挠?xùn)練時(shí)，它也能做出讓人驚奇的事。(when) When they are trained properly, cats can do something amazing. When trained properly, cats can do something amazing. 那個(gè)很像他兄弟的人實(shí)際上是一個(gè)演員。(resemble) The man who resembles his brother is actually an actor. The man resembling his brother is act

2、ually an actor. 在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪校伤芰现瞥傻漠a(chǎn)品隨處可見(jiàn)。(make) In our daily life, the products which are made of plastic can be seen everywhere. In our daily life, the products made of plastic can be seen everywhere.,瓊提議向父母或朋友尋求關(guān)于找工作的建議。(suggest) Joan suggested that we should ask parents or friends for advice on how

3、we could find a job. Joan suggested asking parents or friends for advice on how to find a job. 這個(gè)游客讓大巴上其他人等了很久，為此他感到非常抱歉。(sorry) The tourist felt sorry that he had kept the other people on the coach waiting for a long time. The tourist felt sorry for having kept the other people on the coach waiting

4、 for a long time. The tourist felt sorry to have kept the other people on the coach waiting for a long time.,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞種類(lèi) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞定義 在英語(yǔ)中，不作句子謂語(yǔ)，而具有除謂語(yǔ)外其他語(yǔ)法功能的動(dòng)詞，叫做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式有 動(dòng)詞不定式(the Infinitive) - to do 動(dòng)名詞(the Gerund) - doing 現(xiàn)在分詞(the Present Participle) - doing 過(guò)去分詞(the Past Participle) - done,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

5、詞的句法功能,一、作主語(yǔ) 1. 不定式 To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 常用形式主語(yǔ) it 作形式主語(yǔ) It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It is + 形容詞 (+ of / for sb.) + to do sth. 通常用of 的詞有 brave, clever, careful, hopeless, silly, foolish, stupid, wise, naughty, kind, good, generous, nice,

6、 considerate, thoughtful 等。 It is very hard for those who have never been to the small village to describe its beauty. It was generous of Rick to donate $1,000 to the Hope Project.,一、作主語(yǔ) 2. 動(dòng)名詞 Taking exercise early in the morning has become part of her retired life. He recognized that donating bloo

7、d requires little work and virtually no pain while helping save lives. 當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常用it作形式主語(yǔ)。 Its no use quarrelling with them. 有時(shí)加上該動(dòng)名詞的執(zhí)行者或承受者作其邏輯主語(yǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ)通常是名詞的所有格或形容詞性的物主代詞 Peters coming late made the president angry. Your passing the exam will please all your family.,二、作表語(yǔ) 1. 不定式 The only difficult

8、y is to get more orchids. He appears to have caught a cold. Many problems still remain to be solved. What he could do then was (to) find a doctor. 2. 動(dòng)名詞 The only difficulty is getting more orchids. One of the ways would be moving the concert hall to another place.,二、作表語(yǔ) 3. 現(xiàn)在分詞 The film being shown

9、 in the cinema is exciting. The present situation is inspiring. 4. 過(guò)去分詞 They were frightened at the terrible sight. The window is broken. 現(xiàn)在分詞表“令人” ，過(guò)去分詞表“感到” amazing / amazed; confusing / confused 只用過(guò)去分詞，表示狀態(tài)、特點(diǎn)等 upset, distinguished, married, experienced, crowded, unexpected,三、作賓語(yǔ) 1. 常跟不定式的動(dòng)詞 affo

10、rd, agree, aim, ask, appear, choose, dare, decide, decline, desire, determine, expect, fail, happen, hope, manage, offer, ought, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seek, undertake, volunteer, wish, hesitate, long, bother, tend, trouble 等 2. 常跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞 acknowledge, admit, advocate, appreciate, av

11、oid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, face, fancy, forgive, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, pardon, postpone, practise, resist, risk, suggest, understand 等,The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed _ (catch). I would appreciate _ (you, call) back this afternoon. We ha

12、ve to do something to stop wild animals _ (kill). Were considering _ (practise) _ (speak) English in pairs after class. I dont want _ (sound) like Im speaking ill of anyone, but the managers plan is unfair. I hadnt expected _ (give) such a warm welcome.,being caught,your calling,being killed,to be g

13、iven,to sound,practising,speaking,3. 兩者均可，差異不大(多用to do) attempt, begin, continue, hate, intend, learn, like, love, prefer, start等 4.兩者均可，意義不同 forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean, cant help, be used to, go on 等動(dòng)詞 He forgot _ (tell) me to post the letter. I shall never forget _ (find) that rare

14、stamp on an ordinary envelope. Remember _ (write) to us when you get there. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ (rest) on a big rock by the side of the path.,to write,finding,to tell,to rest,In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ (wait) for another hour. I regret _ (tell) you that

15、I cant go to your birthday party. They regretted _ (agree) to the plan. He tried _ (pretend) to share in the pleasure with his friend. She tried _ (read) a novel, but that couldnt make her forget her sorrow. I didnt mean _ (hurt) you. A friend indeed means _ (help) others for nothing in return. She

16、didnt remember_ (meet)him before.,waiting,to tell,agreeing,to pretend,reading,to hurt,helping,having met,9. She cant help _ (clean) the house because shes busy making a cake. 10. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ (persuade) into buying something they dont really need.,being persuade,(to)

17、clean,5. 在SVOC句型中，用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)(不定式)后置，放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后面 We feel it our duty to help the needy. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難與那些一貫固執(zhí)己見(jiàn)的人合作。(it) I find it hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions. 他沒(méi)有說(shuō)清楚他回來(lái)的時(shí)間. (it) He hasnt made it clear when he is coming back. 6.動(dòng)名詞作need, want, require, be worth的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用主

18、動(dòng)式代替被動(dòng)式。 The washing-machine needs repairing / to be repaired. The point wants referring to.,常跟動(dòng)名詞的短語(yǔ) cannot stand be absorbed in congratulate sb. on have trouble (in) prevent sb. from spend time or money in waste time or money in There is no point in give up be worth feel like insist on keep on suc

19、ceed in dream of accuse sb. of,to是介詞的常用固定結(jié)構(gòu) look forward to devoteto / be devoted to be / get used to get down to pay attention to be limited to amount to contribute to lead to refer to point to object to equal to belong to,The little boy entered the classroom without _ (notice). I apologize for _ (

20、not, keep) my promise. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ (set up) some schools for poor children. She looks forward every spring to _ (walk) in the flower-lined garden. He did nothing last Sunday but _ (repair) his bike. Only one of these books is worth _ (read).,setting up,not hav

21、ing kept,being noticed,walking,repair,reading,四、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 1. 主 + 謂 + 賓 + to do sth. want, wish, expect, desire, ask, tell, order, beg, advise, allow, permit, help, persuade, prepare, cause, force, oblige, invite, require, remind, inform, call on, wait for, arrange for, appeal to, depend on等 不用于此句型的動(dòng)詞：de

22、mand, suggest, hope, agree 2. 主 + 謂 + 賓 + do sth. make, let, have, feel, hear, listen to, see, look at, watch, notice, observe 等 I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road.,四、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 3. 主 + 謂 + 賓 + doing sth. have, get, keep, leave, feel, hear, listen to, find, see, look at, watch, notice

23、, observe, catch等。 Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? He kept the car waiting at the gate. 4. 主 + 謂 + 賓 + done I heard the song sung several times last week.,He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ (interest) in his lectures. In the dream Peter saw hi

24、mself _ (chase) by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start. The salesman scolded the girl caught _ (steal) and let her off. They knew her very well. They had seen her_ (grow)up from childhood. John was made _ (wash) the truck for a week as a punishment. Charles Babbage is generally consider

25、ed _ (invent) the first computer. The patient was warned _ (not, eat)oily food after the operation.,interested,chased,stealing,grow,to wash,to have invented,not to eat,四、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 5. with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so much work _ (fill) my mind, I almost break

26、down. Sorry. With my mind _ (fill) with so much work, I almost break down. Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhis work _ (finish), hegladly acceptedit. With a lot of difficult problems _ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time.,filling,filled,finished,to settle,五、定語(yǔ) 1.不定式 與所

27、修飾名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系： I have an important meeting _ (attend). The child has nothing _ (worry). Have you got anything to be taken to your father? 說(shuō)明所修飾名詞的內(nèi)容： We have made a plan _ (finish) the work this week. intention, promise, invitation, way, time, wish, idea chance, opportunity 等 被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)： China is the

28、 third country _ (send) a man into space.,to attend,to worry about,to ,to send,五、定語(yǔ) 2.動(dòng)名詞 He cant walk without a walking-stick. Is there a swimming pool in your school. The cave, his hiding-place, is secret. His habit, listening to the news on the radio, remains unchanged.,五、定語(yǔ) 3.現(xiàn)在分詞 單個(gè)分詞做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在名詞前

29、，如果是分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)放在名詞后。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，having done, having been done 不作定語(yǔ)。 In the following years he worked even harder. The man speaking to the teacher is Toms father. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的句法功能，如： in the following years 也可用 in the years that followed the man speaking 可改為 the man who is speaking There was a terrible noi

30、se _ (follow) the sudden burst of light. At present, there is a new supermarket _ (build) in the south of the town.,following,being built,五、定語(yǔ) 4.過(guò)去分詞 Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. Those elected as committee members will attend tomorrows meeting. Language experts claim that childre

31、n _ (expose) to the English-speaking environment will pick up English quickly. Look at his _ look. It seems as if he had met a _ tiger. (frighten),exposed,frightened,frightening,請(qǐng)用動(dòng)詞 build 的適當(dāng)形式填空: The beautiful house over there _ last year _ now _ next year is intended for the aged people.,built,be

32、ing built,to be built,The Town Hall _ (complete) in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time. The old man, _ (work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. She is the only one to think there is no need _ (carry) out the plan. Were looking forward to attending

33、 the opening ceremony of the art festival _ (hold) tomorrow. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ (say) “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” Most of the people _ (invite) to the party were famous scientists. His anxiety _ (leave) the office was obvious.,completed,having worked,

34、to carry,to be held,saying,invited,to leave,五、狀語(yǔ) 1. 不定式 (1) 表示目的 To keep us in good health, we should spare some time to do exercise every day. She sold her ring to buy her husband a present. 注意不定式放句首時(shí)，邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)要一致 Wrong: To save money, every means has been tried. right: To save money, he has tried

35、every means. In order not to disturb his parents, he got up early and cooked breakfast himself. Tom kept quiet about the accident _ (not, lose) his job.,in order not to lose,(2) 表示結(jié)果(常用only放在不定式前表示強(qiáng)調(diào)) He arrived at the airport, only _ (tell) the actress had left. The differences between American and

36、 British English are so trivial as hardly _ (notice). (3) 與形容詞連用 Its too dark for us _ (see) anything. The question is simple for him _ (answer).,to be told,to be noticed,to see,to answer,五、狀語(yǔ) 2. 分詞 While watching television, _. A. the doorbell rang B. we heard the doorbell ring C. the doorbell ring

37、s D. we heard the doorbell rings _ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given He dropped the glass, _ (break) it into pieces. Though _ (rain) heavily, it cleared up very soon. Though _ of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.,told

38、,breaking,raining,五、狀語(yǔ) 3. 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished The field _ (plough), he began to spread seed. Time _ (permit), well do another two exercises. There _ (be) no bus, I had to walk home

39、.,ploughed,permitting,being,五、狀語(yǔ) 4. 特殊形式作狀語(yǔ) 分詞類(lèi)： Generally speaking 總的說(shuō)來(lái)， Strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)， Judging from / by 從判斷， Talking of 說(shuō)到， Allowing for / Considering 考慮到， Counting 算上， Given 考慮到,不定式類(lèi)： To tell (you) the truth, 老實(shí)說(shuō)， To begin with, 首先， To be exact/ brief, 精確地說(shuō)/簡(jiǎn)言之， To conclude, To sum up, 總而言之， To do him justice,