1、第三周英譯漢講義,Part I：翻譯技巧褒貶譯法 Commendation or tend to show a hostile, or critical attitude to sb., etc.),die / 死,neutrality: 死亡、過(guò)世、亡故、身故、去世、殉難、 疾終、故去、沒(méi)了、老了、不在、作古、長(zhǎng)逝、永別、 夭折、陣亡、中殤、 commendation: 犧牲、就義、舍身、獻(xiàn)身、捐軀、 殉職、殉國(guó)、殉節(jié)、仙游、仙逝、 千古、馬革裹尸、 肝腦涂地、殺身成仁、舍生取義、玉殞香消、倩女離 魂， derogation: 挺腿、完蛋、斃命、橫死、暴斃、 暴卒、兇死、喪命、命喪黃泉、一命

2、嗚呼、死于非命、 登鬼錄、玩兒完,翻譯要點(diǎn)：,在翻譯中要注意： a)原文措詞本身的語(yǔ)義特征; b) 作者的寫作手法/風(fēng)格； c）作者的表達(dá)意圖； d）原文所描寫的人物關(guān)系及人物說(shuō)話的語(yǔ)用意圖，等等。,Cases Discussion,王東得到了麗嬋的歡心。 Wang Dong got /grabbed / obtained / Li Chans heart / favor/love. 王東搏得了麗嬋的歡心。 Wang Dong won / succeeded in achieving Li Chans heart / favor/love. 王東騙取了麗嬋的歡心。 Wang Dong dece

3、ived / stole away Li Chans heart / favor/ love.,If the government listens to the minor grumbling and whining of the unemployed, it surely should be responsive to the plight of the affluent. (if someone is responsive, they react quickly and favorably) 如果政府聽(tīng)取了少數(shù)失業(yè)者抱怨和牢騷的聲音，那么陷于苦境的富裕人士定會(huì)有更加熱烈的反應(yīng)。 點(diǎn)評(píng)：1）

4、你們注意到了responsive一詞的語(yǔ)義特征，很好，不過(guò)還要注意選詞的褒貶色彩與運(yùn)用，如“熱烈的”，屬于褒義，傾向于指歡迎或支持某個(gè)提議，此處宜譯為“強(qiáng)烈的反應(yīng)”（表不滿）；2）其次是翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)注意把握作者的寫作風(fēng)格口吻：“陷于苦境的富裕人士”不是很貼切，富人納稅幅度低一點(diǎn)還不至于“陷于苦境”，原文plight一詞表達(dá)作者對(duì)富人的一種調(diào)侃諷刺口吻。下文就提到“辯解的諷刺”。故可以用雙引號(hào)括起來(lái)保留原來(lái)的詞義；3）minor 似乎不是“少數(shù)”之意。 修訂：若政府連失業(yè)者們那些無(wú)關(guān)緊要的抱怨和牢騷都能聽(tīng)取，當(dāng)然會(huì)更積極地關(guān)注富裕人士所身陷的“苦境”。,褒貶譯法的幾種情況,褒貶譯法之一：褒 一、英語(yǔ)

5、中有些詞有明顯的褒義特征，翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)譯出褒義特征，包括整句中與此相關(guān)的單位：,褒貶譯法之一：褒,例1）He was a man of renown.（fame） 他是位有名望的人士。（他是個(gè)的人） 例2） He tasks carried out by them are praiseworthy. 他們進(jìn)行的事業(yè)是值得贊揚(yáng)的。 例3）“He was polite and always advise willingly”, she recalled. 她會(huì)說(shuō)，“他彬彬有禮，總是誨人不倦?！?褒貶譯法之一：褒,Zhao Zhongxiang is a well-known T.V. program

6、moderator in China, particularly noted for being interpreter of The Animal World. 趙忠祥是中國(guó)赫赫有名的電視節(jié)目主持人，尤其以解說(shuō)“動(dòng)物世界”節(jié)目為人稱道。,褒貶譯法之一：褒,他們?cè)诜e極鞏固戰(zhàn)果。 The were actively consolidating their victorious gains. (sometimes referring to things grabbed/captured) The were actively consolidating their victories.,褒貶譯法之二

7、：貶,二、英語(yǔ)中有些詞有明顯的貶義特征，翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)譯出貶義特征，也包括整句中與此相關(guān)的語(yǔ)言單位：,褒貶譯法之二：貶,His notoriety as rake did not come until his death. 他作為流氓的惡名是他死后才傳開(kāi)來(lái)。 修訂：他的流氓行徑在他死后才廣為人知。 Henry keeps boasting that he has talked to the President. 亨利總是吹噓說(shuō)他曾同總統(tǒng)談過(guò)話。,褒貶譯法之三：中性詞轉(zhuǎn)褒或貶,三、英語(yǔ)中有些詞有些詞具有中性語(yǔ)義特征，翻譯時(shí)在一定上下文中宜譯出褒義或貶義特征，同樣也包括整句中與此相關(guān)的語(yǔ)言單位：,褒貶譯

8、法之三：中性詞轉(zhuǎn)褒或貶,He was a man of integrity, but unfortunately he had a certain reputation. I believe the reputation was not deserved. 他是位誠(chéng)實(shí)正直的人，但不幸傳有某種壞名聲。我認(rèn)為他不該有這個(gè)壞名聲。 Then，just as Chinese friends arrived who might secure my journey, the Russian arrested me as a “spy”and sent me out through Poland. 后來(lái)，就

9、在那些可能為我安排旅行的中國(guó)朋友到達(dá)的時(shí)候，我國(guó)人把我當(dāng)作“間諜”逮捕，并把我驅(qū)逐出境，取道波蘭。,褒貶譯法之三：中性詞轉(zhuǎn)褒或貶,He had lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds. 他欺騙了我，并且使我成了他的罪惡勾當(dāng)?shù)墓ぞ摺?As a demanding boss, he expected total royalty and dedication from his employees. 他是個(gè)苛刻的老板，要求手下員工對(duì)他忠心耿耿，鞠躬盡瘁。,褒貶譯法之三：中性詞轉(zhuǎn)褒或貶,Those who do not remember t

10、he past are condemned to relive it. 凡是忘記過(guò)去的人，注定要重蹈覆轍。,中性詞義轉(zhuǎn)譯貶義表現(xiàn)人物語(yǔ)氣,Wife: “Im afraid that you may invite the rats from all over the world to gnaw your bone.” 妻子說(shuō)：“恐怕你會(huì)把全世界的老鼠引來(lái)啃你的骨頭。” 老伴說(shuō)：“就怕你會(huì)把全世界的老鼠招來(lái)啃你那把老骨頭。”,Practice: Translate the following pair of English sentences into Chinese with the above

11、 said points involving commendation and derogation,1a) It was mid-August and the subject of discussion of the Allies was the future of Rommel and his Africa Corps. 1b) They predicted that the youth would have a bright future. 2a) John was an aggressive salesman who did his job quite well. 2b) Bill w

12、as an aggressive man and had very few friends. 3a) Hans was too obviously flattering the manager by saying he was the most responsible person he had ever seen. 3b) Mr. Brown felt greatly flattered when he received the invitation to deliver a lecture.,Theoretical Notions,翻譯的心理過(guò)程中譯者的思維特征 形象思維（包括性格特征等）

13、 + 情景思維 + 情感思維 表達(dá)上的語(yǔ)言重構(gòu),人物的性格特征關(guān)聯(lián)性思維,“But oh, Mr. Osborne, what a difference eighteen months experience makes. ” (Thackeray: Vanity Fair) (background information: An impulsive or headstrong girl is moderated a lot. ) 奧斯本先生，你不知道這一年半里我學(xué)了多少乖。 （楊必譯） “不過(guò)，奧斯本先生，你可知道我這一年半里學(xué)乖了多少喔。”,人物+情景+關(guān)系特征思維,She is just

14、as rich as most of the girls who come out to India. I might go farther and fare worse, egad! (fare: proceed; get on； egad（s）：oh God的委婉語(yǔ)：天哪！哦哊！) 跟那些出國(guó)到印度去的女孩子比一比，她不見(jiàn)得窮到哪兒去。說(shuō)不定我左等右等，反而挑著個(gè)不如她的。（楊必譯）,人物情景+關(guān)系特征思維,“By Jove，she has taste! ” exclaimed Henry Lynn. (Jane Eyre) (背景信息：指由男主人公 羅切斯特化裝的算命的老太婆不給男子算命

15、，只給年輕姑娘算命） “嗬，她還挑肥撿瘦呢！”亨利 利恩嚷道。（祝慶英譯）,情景+情感+邏輯+語(yǔ)言重構(gòu),Consequently Mr. Micawber was soon so overcome, that he mingled his tears with hers and mine; (Dickens:David Copperfield) ?結(jié)果，密考伯先生不久就傷感的把他的眼淚同她的和我的混合起來(lái)了；(董秋斯譯） 結(jié)果是，一會(huì)兒密考伯先生也受不住了，和她和我，眼淚對(duì)流起來(lái); (張谷若譯） 修訂：結(jié)果是，一會(huì)兒密考伯先生也忍受不住了，和她和我一起，眼淚對(duì)流起來(lái); ,情景再現(xiàn)+語(yǔ)篇連貫,O

16、ne evening, I had just arrived at my home airport and was waiting outside in the twilight for my wife to pick me up. I watched two young businessmen with mounting fascination. Each spoke on independent cell-phones with great energy and at enormous length to somebody somewhere (but not, I think, to each other). As they did so, they walked without ceasing in circles, round and round, first one way then another, making figure eights one minute, zeroes the nest, threes and sixes, twos and 20s. It seam