1、Chapter 13 狀語從句的譯法,（一）時間狀語從句 （二）原因狀語從句 （三）地點狀語從句 （四）條件狀語從句 （五）讓步狀語從句 （六）方式狀語從句 （七）結果狀語從句 （八）目的狀語從句 （九）比較狀語從句,（一）時間狀語從句：,The air pushes against things when they move in it.,物體在空氣中運動時，空氣便對其產生阻力。,自1949年新中國成立以來，我國的科學技術取得了很大成就。,Great achievements have been made in our science and technology since new Chi

2、na founded in 1949.,1.不論原句中主從句的次序如何，均按漢語習慣轉譯成位于句首的短語：,2.轉譯成漢語的并列復句：,The earth turns round its axis as it travels about the sun.,地球一面繞太陽運行，一面繞地軸自轉。,還沒等上油，他就把機器開動了。,He operated the machine when it was not oiled.,3.轉譯成漢語中特定條件句中的條件分句（表特定條件的偏句）或表原因的分句：,When this question is answered, even better and chea

3、per electrical materials can be developed.,只要這一問題得到解決，就能研制出更好更便宜的電工材料。,由于風把沙礫吹起來，碰撞大巖石，因而較松散的巖石層便會慢慢磨損。,When winds blow sand particles against a large rock for a long time, the softer layers of the rock are slowly worn away.,2.轉譯成漢語中假設復句中的假設分句：,Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the m

4、achine.,如果機器發(fā)生故障，（那么）清將電閘拉下。,許多世紀過去以后，人類才發(fā)現(xiàn)了電。,Many centuries had passed before man found electricity.,3.主句轉譯成漢語的短語，從句轉譯成漢語的單句：,Hardly had the operator pressed the button when all the electric machines began to work.,（當）操作人員一按電鈕，所有電機就開始運行。,2.譯成漢語的后續(xù)式分句：,Hence, in this work we investigate the use of

5、dual adaptive control for the affined class of nonlinear, discrete-time systems when the nonlinear functions are unknown and a stochastic additive disturbance is present at the output.,因此，本文將研究雙效自適應控制在一類非線性、離散時間系統(tǒng)中的應用，該系統(tǒng)的非線性特征未知，在系統(tǒng)輸出上還附有隨機干擾。,（二）原因狀語從句：,As a steel ship is hollow, it floats on wate

6、r.,由于鋼船是空心的，因此能浮在水面。,因為燃料用完了，所以發(fā)動機停了。,The engine stopped because the fuel was used up.,1.不論英語中從句的位置是在句首還是在句末，漢譯時狀語從句大多按漢語習慣譯在句首：,2.有時當從句處于主句之后時，為了考慮與上下文的呼應，也可采用順譯法，將從句仍譯在句后：,The material first used was copper because it was easily obtained in its pure state.,最早使用的材料是銅，因為純銅易得。,（三）地點狀語從句：,Where there

7、is sound, there must be sound waves.,只要有聲音，就會有聲波。,無論控制系統(tǒng)什么地方發(fā)生故障，都會有辦法。,A signal will be shown wherever anything wrong occurs with the control system.,1.轉譯成特定條件句中的條件分句（表特定條件的偏句）：,2.轉譯成無條件句中的分句（表排除條件的偏句)：,3.轉譯成漢語的短語：,Make marks where you have questions.,在你有問題之處做上記號。,水電站建在水有較大落差的地方。,Water power statio

8、ns are built where there are big water falls.,（四）條件狀語從句：,Plants will grow well if air, water and sunlight are enough.,如果空氣、水或陽光充足，（那么）植物就會長得很好。,如果不加以保護的話，（那么）鐵件或鋼件就會生銹。,Iron or steel parts will rust, if they are unprotected.,1. 轉譯為假設符合句中的假設分句（表假設的偏句）,2.轉譯為特定條件的條件分句（表特定條件的偏句）：,If we make the experime

9、nt again, we shall succeed.,只要把這項試驗再做一遍，我們就會成功。,只要沒有動力的作用，運動物體就始終運動下去。,An object in motion remains in motion unless a force is exerted on it.,（五）讓步狀語從句：,Even though automatic machines can do many things that man does, they cannot replace man.,雖然自動化的機器能做人所做的許多事，但是它不能代替人。,能雖然可由一種形式轉變?yōu)榱硪环N形式，但它既不能創(chuàng)造也不能消

10、滅。,Although energy can be changed from one form into another, it can neither be created nor destroyed.,1.譯為讓步復合句中的讓步分句（作讓步的偏句）：,2.譯為無條件復合句中的條件分句（表排除條件的偏句）：,Electronic computers, however remarkable they may be, cannot do created work.,無論電子計算機多么完善，他都不能進行創(chuàng)造性的勞動。,不管出現(xiàn)什么情況，實驗都要進行下去。,Nothing will stop us

11、from making our experiment, come what may.,（六）方式狀語從句：,Electricity flows through a wire just as water flows through a pipe.,電流通過導線就像水流過水管一樣。,氣體像液體一樣沒有固定的形狀。,Gases have no definite shape as liquids.,1.與其主句一起合譯為漢語的單句：,Each of two wires carrying currents has a magnetic field, as if it were a magnet.,通電的

12、兩根導線每根都有一個磁場，就好像是一塊磁鐵一樣。,激光器發(fā)出的光只有一種顏色，也就是說它只有一個頻率，即一個波長。,Light as it comes from a laser is essentially of one colorthat if, it is one frequency, or one wave length.,2.譯成漢語的后續(xù)式分句：,3.譯成定語：,（七）結果狀語從句：,Electricity is such an important energy that modern industry couldnt develop without it.,電是一種非常重要的能源，

13、沒有它現(xiàn)代工業(yè)就不能發(fā)展。,這臺晶體管收音機很小，可放在口袋里。,The transistor radio is so small that you can carry it in your pocket.,1.譯成后續(xù)式分句：,2.與主句一起合譯成漢語的單句 ：,The induce e. m. f. is in such a direction that it opposed the change of current.,感應電勢的方向是阻止電流發(fā)生變化的。,浮體進入液體剛好到排開與其等重液體時的深度。,A floating body sinks to a depth such that

14、it displaces its own weight of liquid.,（八）目的狀語從句：,The moving parts of a machines are often oiled that fraction may be greatly reduced.,機器的轉動部件常常涂以潤滑油，以便大大減小摩擦。,應當保護好這些試管，一面其受損傷。,The text tubes should be protected in order that they will not be damaged.,1.積極目的：,2.消極目的,（九）比較狀語從句：,A computer can handle large figures much better than any human brain.,計算機比任何人腦逗能更好地處理大數(shù)字。,這個實驗與那個試驗同樣重要。,This is just as import