1、I Have A Dream,-Martin Luther King, Jr. 小組成員：李澗元 宋云秋 許莉莉 韓小月 陶麗香,Introduction of figures Analysis of speech Summary 1).Choice of words 2).Sentence structure 3).Figures of speech,Introduction of figures,simile明喻 metaphor暗喻 pun雙關(guān) personification擬人 hyperbole夸張 metonymy借代、轉(zhuǎn)喻 onomatcpocia擬聲 irony諷刺 clima

2、x 層遞 parallelism排比,allusion典故 periodic sentence圓周句 antonomasia換稱 synesthesia通感 alliteration頭韻 repetition重復(fù) antithesis對(duì)照 synecdoche提喻 anaphora首語反復(fù),rhetorical question修辭性問句：The questioner already have an answer in the heart. oxymoron矛盾修飾法：It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(結(jié)合) of two

3、 contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不協(xié)調(diào)) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混亂) and proud humility(侮辱). transferred Epithets移就：It is a figure of speech where an epithet (an adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修飾) to another to w

4、hich it does not really apply or belong.,Analysis of speech,Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation.（Allusion典故、Periodic Sentence圓周句） This momentous decree(Antonomasia換稱) came as a great beacon light of hope（Simile明喻） to m

5、illions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice（Metaphor暗喻）. It came as a joyous daybreak （Transferred Epithets移就）to end the long night of bad captivity（Simile明喻）.,But one hundred years later（Repetition重復(fù)、parallelism排比）, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years

6、 later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination.One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity（Oxymoron矛盾修飾法、Metonymy轉(zhuǎn)喻、Transferred Epithets移就）. One hundr

7、ed years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So weve come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.,In a sense weve come to our nations capital to cash a check（Metaphor暗喻）. When the architects of our republic wrote t

8、he magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable Rights of Life, Liberty and the p

9、ursuit of Happiness.,It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked insufficient funds.（Metaphor暗喻）

10、But we refuse to believe that （Repetition重復(fù)、parallelism排比）the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so, weve come to cash this check（Metaphor暗喻）, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of f

11、reedom and the security of justice.,We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of Now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to（Repetition重復(fù)、parallelism排比） make real the promises of

12、 democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice（Antithesis對(duì)照）. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice（Antithesis對(duì)照） to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reali

13、ty for all of Gods children.,It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate discontent （Antithesis對(duì)照）will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginni

14、ng. And those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. And there will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will con

15、tinue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.,But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold（synecdoche通感） which leads into the palace of justice: In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wron

16、gful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred（hyperbole夸張）. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again

17、, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.,The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize tha

18、t their destiny is tied up with our destiny. And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom.,We cannot walk alone（short sentence）. And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead. We cannot turn back（short sentence）. There are those who

19、 are asking the devotees of civil rights, When will you be satisfied? We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality（rhetorical question修辭性問句）. We can never be satisfied（anaphora首語反復(fù)） as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel

20、, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls dow

21、n like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream（simile）.,I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations (alliteration 頭韻). Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you battere

22、d by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering.（irony 反語）Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive.,Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia,

23、go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities,（Repetition重復(fù)、parallelism排比） knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed. Let us not wallow in the valley of despair. I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tom

24、orrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.,I have a dream that one day （Repetition重復(fù)、parallelism排比）this nation will rise up, live up to the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal.” I have a dream that o

25、ne day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave-owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppres

26、sion, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color if their skin but by the content of their character.,I have a dream today.（Repetition重復(fù)、parallelism排比） I have a dream that one

27、 day（Repetition重復(fù)、parallelism排比） down in Alabama with its governor having his lips dripping with the words ( synecdoche 提喻）of interposition and nullification, one day right down in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters

28、and brothers. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it togethe

29、r (synecdoche 提喻).,This is our hope. This is the faith that I go back to the South with. With this faith we will be able to (climax 層遞) hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of br

30、otherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day（ Epiphora 尾語反復(fù)）. This will be the day when all of Gods children will be able to sing with new meaning. M

31、y country, tis of thee, Sweet land of liberty, Of thee I sing: Land where my fathers died, Land of the pilgrims pride, From every mountainside Let freedom ring.,And if America is to be a great nation this must become true. So let freedom ring(personification 擬人、Repetition重復(fù)、parallelism排比 ) from the

32、prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York! Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania! Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado! Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slops of California! But not only that; let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia! Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee! Let fre