1、英語(yǔ)詞性的分類及用法,環(huán)州中學(xué) 七年級(jí)八十六班 主講教師：李金龍,詞性的分類,詞類又叫詞性，英語(yǔ)單詞根據(jù)其在句子中的功用，可以分十個(gè)大類。 不同詞性的詞在句子中的功用是不一樣的，有一定的規(guī)律，所以，八十六的小朋友們，記住這些詞性的用法，可以幫助我們更加容易的學(xué)懂一門外語(yǔ)English,名詞的概念,名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞 . 專有名詞是某個(gè)（些）人，地方，機(jī)構(gòu)等專有的名稱，如Beijing， China, the United States,等。 普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個(gè)抽象概念的名詞，如：book，sadness等。(普通名詞包括可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞) 普通名詞又可分為下面四類：

2、 1）個(gè)體名詞：表示某類人或東西中的個(gè)體，如：gun 2）集體名詞：表示若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體，如:family (以上兩類屬于可數(shù)名詞)3）物質(zhì)名詞：表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物，如:air 4）抽象名詞：表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概 念，如：work (以上兩類屬于不可數(shù)名詞),名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化,其它名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化,1) 以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞，或元音字母+y 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，直 接加s變復(fù)數(shù)： 如：two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays 2) 以o 結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)： a. 加s，如： photo-photos

3、piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos； b. 加es，如：potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes 3) 以f或fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)： a. 加s，如： belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs； b. 去f, fe 加-ves，如：half-halves knife-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves；,名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化,1）child-children foot-feet tooth

4、-teeth mouse-mice man-men woman-women 2）單復(fù)同形如： deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese 3）集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。 如： people police cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，不能說(shuō) a people，a police，a cattle，但可以說(shuō)a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名詞，表示國(guó)民總稱時(shí)，作復(fù)數(shù)用。 4）以s

5、結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如： maths，politics，physics等學(xué)科名詞，為不可數(shù)名詞，是單數(shù)。news 是不可數(shù)名詞。,要點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)聚焦,flower,flowers,找規(guī)律,watch,es,factory-factories,leaf - leaves,box,es,NOUN.,要點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)聚焦,找規(guī)律,tomatoes,potatoes,heroes,NOUN.,不規(guī)則變化,child-children,woman-women,deer,sheep,man-men,goose-geese,NOUN.,1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd

6、they are_. Awoman;children Bwoman;child Cwomen;children 2.How far is your school from here？ Not very farIts about twenty walk.（2000杭州） Aminutes Bminutes Cminutes 3. There are three in my family. (2004長(zhǎng)春） A.people B. person C. child 4. Most students can go to college for further in our city. A. educa

7、tion B. information C.science 5. This is bedroom. The twin sister like it very much. A. Ann and Jane B. Ann and Janes C.Anns and Janes,典型例題解析,C,C,A,A,B,NOUN.,根據(jù)所給單詞的正確形式填空： 1. Different people may have different _. (idea) 2. I often go to work on . (foot) 3. I know one of the . (boy) 4. Mr. Brown is

8、 wearing a pair of . (glass) 5. Please give them their . (photo) 6. Are there any in the box? (watch) 7. There are twelve in a year. (month) 8. Would you like some ? (tomato) 9. Look at those in the boats! (people) 10. Look! The are singing. (woman) 11. September 10th is Day. (teacher) 12. Jim has s

9、ome . (knife) 13. How much are these ? (vegetable) 14. My school is twenty _ walk from here. (minute) 15. The girl under the tree is a friend of_. (Lucy),ideas,foot,boys,glasses,photos,watches,months,tomatoes,people,women,Teachers,knives,vegetables,minutes,Lucys,NOUN.,代詞,代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功

10、能。英語(yǔ)中的代詞，按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞和不定代詞八種。,一、人稱代詞是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我們”、“你們”、“他們”的詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化,通常，主格作主語(yǔ),賓格作賓語(yǔ) 通常，當(dāng)單數(shù)的主格作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；復(fù)數(shù)的的主格作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 Eg. He is my friend. Its me. They are from China. She lent me a book. I love it. Are you interested in them?,二、 物

11、主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞，也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞二種，其人物和數(shù)的變化見(jiàn)下表,通常，形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)形容詞的用法，應(yīng)該位于名詞的前面；名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞性物主代詞+名詞，之后不接名詞。 Eg. I like his car. Our school is here and theirs is there. This is your picture. And that is mine.,三、 指示代詞表示那個(gè)、這個(gè)、這些、那些等指示概念的代詞。,Eg. That is a good idea. I love those book in blue.

12、These people are my friends.,四、自身代詞，也稱為反身代詞表示我自己、你自己、他自己、我們自己、你們自己和他們自己等的代詞。,反身代詞的用法,1. 用作同位語(yǔ)(加強(qiáng)被修飾詞的語(yǔ)氣，緊放在被修飾名詞后, 或句末)： The box itself is not so heavy. You said it yourself. 2. 用作賓語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ))： Take good care of yourself. 3. 用作表語(yǔ) The poor boy was myself.,五、 表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫相互代詞，有each other 和one another兩組，

13、但在運(yùn)用中，這兩組詞沒(méi)什么區(qū)別。,We should love each other. Tom and Betty are friends, so they always help each other. Our students learn one another.,eg. I want something hot. Do you need some coffee? There is nothing good. All of you are students.,六、 不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞。常見(jiàn)的不定代詞有a11，both，each，every等，以及含有some-，an

14、y-，every-，no-加上body，one，thing的合成代詞，如anybody， something，no one。這些不定代詞大都可以代替名詞和形容詞，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ),七、 疑問(wèn)代詞有who，whom，whose，what和which等。在句子中用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句。疑問(wèn)代詞都可用作連接代詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句）,What are you? Who is his coat? Whose bag is this? Which do you prefer? The blue one or the white one? Could you tell

15、me what is his name? Mother asked which one I wanted.,八、 關(guān)系代詞有who，whom，whose，that，which，as等，可用作引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。它們?cè)诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等；另一方面它們又代表主句中為定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞（通稱為先行詞）。,He is the man whom you have been looking for. I hope I can find a job that I can devote myself to. This is the book whose covering is

16、 old. That is the same food as you want.,1.He shouted louder to the runners, but he still couldnt make _ heard. A. him B. himself C. them D. themselves 2.There are flowers and trees on _ sides of the river. A. every B. both C. either D. all 3.She has three good friends. One is a doctor; _ are teache

17、rs of Chinese. A. another B. the other two C. other D. others 4.Before handing in your compositions, please correct the mistakes in each line if_. A. so B. no C. any D. some,Exercises,B,B,B,C,1._(我) am a worker. _(你) are a doctor. _(她) is a teacher. 2.This is_ (他的 )shirt. 3. This is _(我的)pen. 4._(他們

18、的) trousers are there. 5. I like this picture. Please give _(它) to_(我). 6. People get _(他們的) money from_(我). 7._(他們) are new students. _(他們的) names are Lucy and Lily. 8. These are _(我們的) shoes. Can _(我們) wear _(它們). 9Thank _ for _(你的) help. 10. _(他) loves _（她）, and _(她) loves _（他）,too. 11. _(我) love _（你）, and