1、英漢語(yǔ)的否定句及翻譯,英語(yǔ)中的否定形式靈活多樣，是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)而又較復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題。有的句子在形式上是肯定而實(shí)質(zhì)上卻是否定，有的則形式上是否定而實(shí)質(zhì)上是肯定；有的在英語(yǔ)句中否定主語(yǔ)，可譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)就轉(zhuǎn)化成否定謂語(yǔ)，這給學(xué)生的理解和翻譯造成了很大的困難。 英漢語(yǔ)言中的否定都可以分為完全否定，部分否定和雙重否定三種類(lèi)型。,1完全否定(Full Negation),百分之百地否定一個(gè)事物的存在、成立或真實(shí)性。常用的全部否定詞與習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)有：no, not, none, never, neither, nor, nothing，nobody, the last 或者not + anyanyoneanybody等。

2、 egNeither of the substances dissolves in water 這兩種物質(zhì)都不溶于水。,2部分否定(Partial Negation),英語(yǔ)中all，every(及其派生詞)both，each，以及always，often，entirely，wholly都帶有 “全體”的意義，但當(dāng)和not連用時(shí)表示部分否定，可譯為：不都是，不全是,不是每個(gè),不總是 Every disease is not cured in the same way 并非每種疾病都用同樣的方法治療。 All that glitters is not gold 發(fā)光的并不都是金子 Not both

3、 suggestions are accepted by the committee. 并非兩個(gè)建議都被委員會(huì)所采納,三、雙重否定(Double Negation),否定之否定。實(shí)際上是肯定。但其語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)。無(wú)論該否定是形式上的還是意義上的，在翻譯時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)句子語(yǔ)氣翻譯成肯定句或雙重否定句 I wouldnt be saying this unless I were sure of the facts 要是我對(duì)這些事情沒(méi)有把握，我就不說(shuō)這話(huà)了。 One is never too old to learn活到老，學(xué)到老 She is not a little interested in compu

4、ter games 她對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)游戲有濃厚興趣,No one has nothing to offer to society 人人都可以為社會(huì)奉獻(xiàn)點(diǎn)什么。 He cannot speak English without making mistakes 他一說(shuō)英語(yǔ)就出錯(cuò)。 Nowadays it is not seldom that a man lives to be seventy years old 如今人活到70歲常見(jiàn)的。 It is impossible for heat to be converted into a certain kind of energy without somet

5、hing lost 一點(diǎn)不損耗就把熱能轉(zhuǎn)換成某種能量是不可能的。,四、延續(xù)否定(Continuative Negation),在同一句子中，一個(gè)否定詞之后連續(xù)使用否定因素，不管是形式上的還是意義上的，均稱(chēng)之為延續(xù)否定(或連續(xù)否定、接續(xù)否定)可以譯成漢語(yǔ)的連續(xù)否定句 No one who returned from the front failed to express admiration for Bethune whenever his name was mentioned and none remained unmoved by his action 從前線(xiàn)回來(lái)的人說(shuō)起白求恩,沒(méi)有一個(gè)不佩

6、服，沒(méi)有一個(gè)不為他的精神所感動(dòng),Before Iiberation he was a cartdriver who could hardIy keep body and soul together，let alone support his family 解放前，他是個(gè)趕大車(chē)的，連自己的生活都難以維持，更不用說(shuō)養(yǎng)家了 At that time we didnt have computers，to say nothing of e-mail and Internet 那時(shí)，我們連電腦都沒(méi)有，更不用說(shuō)電子郵件和因特網(wǎng)了。,五、否定轉(zhuǎn)移(Transferred Negation),在英語(yǔ)中，把否定詞

7、或否定成分從其原來(lái)應(yīng)在的位置轉(zhuǎn)移至句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前，這就是“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”。它通常有這樣兩種情況： 主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為think，believe，suppose，imagine，expect，fancy等表示認(rèn)為, 猜想的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定詞not應(yīng)該移至主句中 簡(jiǎn)單句中否定方式、時(shí)間、原因等狀語(yǔ)的否定詞應(yīng)移到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前,I dont suppose anyone who object to the project. 我猜測(cè)任何人都不會(huì)反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃 The object did not move because l pushed on it 這物體不是因?yàn)槲彝屏瞬乓苿?dòng)的 He didnt

8、go to school by bus(=He goes to school not by bus) 他不是乘公交車(chē)去上學(xué) Rome was not built in a day.(=Rome was built not in a day) 羅馬并非一日建成,六、暗含否定(Implied Negation),1肯定形式，否定句意 You have just missed the target 你沒(méi)有射中靶子 Please refrain from spitting in the public place 公共場(chǎng)所請(qǐng)勿吐痰 Rain prevented him from going out 下雨

9、了,他沒(méi)出去 其他類(lèi)似的動(dòng)詞還有：deny, refuse, overlook 等,2否定形式，肯定句意 Drinking too much will do no good to your health 過(guò)量飲酒有損于你的健康。 which family doesnt have problem 家家有本難念的經(jīng)。 They cannot but admit that in certain aspects of science and technology we are away ahead to them 他們不得不承認(rèn)在某些科學(xué)技術(shù)方面，我們遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)領(lǐng)先于他們,3某些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)和習(xí)語(yǔ)表達(dá)否定含義,

10、If only hed remembered to buy some fruit 他當(dāng)時(shí)要是記得買(mǎi)些水果來(lái)該多好。(虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示暗含否定) But that you had seen me in the water, I would have drowned 要不是你看見(jiàn)我掉在水里，我早就淹死了。(虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示暗含否定) But for your help，they should not have finished the task in time要不是你們的幫助，他們不可能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)(虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示暗含否定),That was a thin argument The beauty of the West Lake is beyond description We cant be too faithful t