1、第五章 翻譯技巧2,詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯法 Conversion,在英譯漢過程中，有些句子可以逐詞對譯，有些句子則由于英漢兩種語言的表達方式不同，就不能用“一個蘿卜一個坑”的方法來逐詞對譯。原文中有些詞在譯文中需要轉(zhuǎn)換詞類，才能使?jié)h語譯文通順自然。 1. 轉(zhuǎn)譯為動詞(n./adj./prep./adv./conj.v.) 2. 轉(zhuǎn)譯為名詞(v./adj./adv.-n.) 3. 轉(zhuǎn)譯為形容詞(adv./n.-adj.) 4. 轉(zhuǎn)譯為副詞(n./adj.-adv.),轉(zhuǎn)譯為動詞 1. 名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為動詞 一些習(xí)語中的主體名詞可以轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞 由動詞派生出來的名詞可轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞 含有動作意味的名詞可轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞 由動詞

2、+er構(gòu)成的名詞可轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞 2. 介詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞 3. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞 4. 連詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞 5. 副詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞,A) 一些習(xí)語中的主體名詞可以轉(zhuǎn)成動詞 這類習(xí)語有： have a rest go for a walk catch a look pay attention to have an effect on by means of 依靠 with a view of以為目的 make a claim to 認(rèn)為是屬于自己的,1. 名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為動詞,1. We wouldnt have any idea when the boy was born. 我們 不可能知道這孩子是什么時候出生

3、的。 2. I will not only forgive your infidelity to me but will do you all the service I can. 我不但原諒你對我的不忠實，還要盡力為你效勞。 3. As the man leaned over, the driver caught his first good look at the small cat-like face. 那個人彎下腰來， 司機才第一次看清那張小小的貓兒臉。,B)由動詞派生出來的名詞可轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞,1.The government called for the establishment o

4、f more schools. 政府號召建立更多的學(xué)校。 2.There has been a tremendous expansion of kindergartens in both towns and villages. 城市和農(nóng)村的幼兒園都在大量擴展。 3.The new situation requires the formation of a new strategy. 新形勢要求制定新戰(zhàn)略。 4.Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children. 孩子們看電視過多會大大地

5、損壞視力。,C) 含有動作意味的名詞可轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞 1.Vietnam War was a drain on American resources. 越南戰(zhàn)爭不斷地消耗美國的資源。 （drain n. 排水，下水道 v. 耗盡, 喝光） 2.In fact, the abuse of drugs has become one of Americas most serious social problems. 事實上，濫用毒品已經(jīng)成為美國最為嚴(yán)重的社會問題之一。 （abuse n. v. 濫用） 3.The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me w

6、ith special longing. 看到我們的噴氣式飛機，聽到隆隆的機聲，令我特別神往。,D) 由動詞+er構(gòu)成的名詞可轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞,1.His father is a non-smoker, but he is a chain-smoker. 他父親根本不抽煙，他抽起煙來卻一根接一根。 2.I am an amateur actor. He is a better player than I . 我是個業(yè)余演員，他演得比我好。 3.Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young mans past wrong

7、 doings. 在和兒子談話時， 老人寬恕了年輕人過去所干的壞事。,翻譯練習(xí)：名詞動詞 After the accomplishment of the present task, there will follow a more arduous one. 2) His weariness determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade. 3) I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood. 4) He urg

8、ed upon citizens of the country the necessity of persisting in participation in political controversies.,4) He urged upon citizens of the country the necessity of persisting in participation in political controversies. 5) A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington M

9、onument and the Lincoln Memorial. 6) A view of Mt. Fuji can be obtained here. 7) Every morning she would go to the lake area for a walk.,7) Every morning she would go to the lake area for a walk. 8) I am afraid I cant teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. 9) She h

10、ad high praise for Dr. Higpan, although she complained about his strictness.,翻譯練習(xí)：名詞動詞 1) After the accomplishment of the present task, there will follow a more arduous one. 完成目前任務(wù)后，還有更艱巨的任務(wù)。 2) His weariness determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade. 他感到疲憊，因此下決心，一遇到就近的蔭涼處就坐下來休息。 3) I

11、 am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood. 我非常感激父親，因為在我小時候他總是不斷地鼓勵我 。,4) He urged upon citizens of the country the necessity of persisting in participation in political controversies. 他告誡全國人民，必須堅持參加政治論戰(zhàn)。 5) A glance through his office window offers a panoramic

12、 view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial. 從他的辦公室窗口可以一眼看到華盛頓紀(jì)念碑和林肯紀(jì)念堂的全景。 6) A view of Mt. Fuji can be obtained here. 在這兒可以看到富士山。,7) Every morning she would go to the lake area for a walk. 每天早上她都要到湖區(qū)去散步。 8) I am afraid I cant teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better

13、teacher than I. 恐怕我教不了你游泳，我弟弟教得比我好。 9) She had high praise for Dr. Higpan, although she complained about his strictness. 她高度贊揚了西格潘醫(yī)生，但抱怨他過于嚴(yán)格,2. 介詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞 1. He went to the shop for a bottle of wine. 他去小店買了一瓶酒。 2. At noon, she came home for lunch. 中午，她回家吃午飯。 3. He came to my home for help. 他來到我家, 請求幫助

14、。 4. He came to me with a luggage. 他拿著行李向我走來。 5. Im all for your opinion. 我完全贊成你的意見。,6. Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then entered a huge building. 他們沿著大街走去，經(jīng)過一家家店鋪，穿過一個寬闊的廣場，然后走進一幢大樓。,1. It was a very informative meeting. 會上透露了很多信息。 2. The manager is grateful to t

15、he customers for their valuable suggestions. 經(jīng)理感謝顧客們提出的寶貴意見。 3. Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves. 一旦它們的幼仔能夠自己照料自己，它們就不管了。,3. 形容詞可以轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞,1)He is too ignorant of the ways of the world. 他太不懂世道常情了。 2)We are hopeful of success in this experiment.

16、我們希望這個實驗?zāi)艹晒Α?3)This house is unheated and unfurnished. 這座房子沒有暖氣設(shè)備，也沒有任何家具。,4. 連詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞,1.They will return in 60 days or two months. 他們60天后， 也就是2個月后回來。 2.Winter is the fourth and last season in a year. 冬季是一年中第四個也是最后一個季節(jié)。 3.The distance is four kilometers or 2.4856 miles. 距離是4公里，折合（即）2.4856里。,5. 副詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動

17、詞,1. Our holiday is three weeks away. 離我們的假期還有3個星期。 2. When will your mother be back? 你媽媽什么時候回來？ 3. The boy told me that his father was out. 那個男孩告訴我他的父親出去了。 4. That day he was up before sunrise. 那天他在日出前就起來了。,Translate the following sentences:,1. His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a trium

18、ph. 2. He was a regular visitor. 3. He showed with his eyes that he heard, but made no sign of assent or dissent. 1. 無論什么事，只要他一露面，就算成功了。 2. 他經(jīng)常來。 3. 他瞧了一下，表示他聽到了，但并沒有表示同意還是不同意。,4.We drove home a bit after midnight, over the river and through the lovely old sleeping town. 5.The successful fishermen o

19、f that day were already in. 6.Difference between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their co-operation. 4. 時過午夜，我們驅(qū)車回家。先過了河，又穿過了這 個在酣睡中的古老而可愛的城市。 5. 那天交好運的漁夫們都已回來。 6. 國與國之間不同的社會制度不應(yīng)該妨礙彼此的合作。,轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞(v./adj./adv.-n.),a. 英語中好多由名詞派生出來的動詞，以及由名詞轉(zhuǎn)用的動詞，在漢語中往往不易找到相應(yīng)的動詞，這時可將其轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語名詞。 1. F

20、ormality has always characterized their relationship. 他們之間的關(guān)系，有一個特點，就是以禮相待。 2. The man looked and talked a little wildly. 那男子的神情和言談有些不可思議。 3. In the early dawn, the guard towers were silhouetted(使現(xiàn)出輪廓)against the sky. 黎明時，天空映出了了望塔的輪廓。,1. 動詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞,4) He was motivated by a desire to reach a compromise.

21、 他的動機是達成某種妥協(xié)。 5) He objected that the plan is not practical. 他的反對理由是：這個計劃不現(xiàn)實。 6) A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car. 一個穿著考究的人上了車，他的外表和談吐都像美國人。,轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞(v./adj./adv.-n.),b. 有些英語被動式句子中的動詞，可以譯成“受（遭）到+名詞”，“予（加）以+名詞”這類結(jié)構(gòu)。 eg. Snow was treated very shabbily by the U.

22、S. press and officialdom during this period, victimized for his views. 在這期間，斯諾受到美國新聞界和正界極不公正的對待，由于他的觀點，他受到了迫害。,1. 動詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞,2. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞,有些英語的形容詞前加定冠詞時，其功能就相當(dāng)于名詞，譯時將其轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞。還有一些形容詞充當(dāng)表語時，為了行文方便，轉(zhuǎn)譯為漢語的名詞。 1. They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 他們盡了最大的努力幫助病號和傷員。 2. Tom was eloquent and el

23、egant but soft. 湯姆有口才、有風(fēng)度，但很軟弱。 3. In his article the author is critical of mans negligence toward his environment. 作者在文章中，對人類疏忽自身環(huán)境作了批評。 4. He looked at me as if I were mad. 他那樣看著我好像我是個瘋子。,由名詞派生出來的副詞，如譯成漢語時很難找到對應(yīng)詞，而酌情將其譯成名詞。 1.Originally Ingrid Bergman was from Sweden. 英格麗.褒曼的原籍是瑞典。 2. He is strong

24、 physically, but weak mentally. 他身體強健，但智力差。 3. It was officially announced that Paris is invited to the meeting. 官方宣布，巴黎方面被邀請出席會議。,3. 副詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞,轉(zhuǎn)譯為形容詞(adv./n.-adj. ),1. 副詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為形容詞 有些副詞是形容詞派生出來的，翻譯時如副詞所修飾的動詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為名詞，那么副詞亦轉(zhuǎn)譯為形容詞。如： He was deeply impressed by what they did at the critical moment. 他們在關(guān)鍵時刻的行為給他

25、留下了深刻的印象。 She stupidly answered such a question. 她真笨，竟然回答了這樣一個問題。 The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body of a man. 太陽對人的身體和精神都有極大的影響。,2. 名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為形容詞 a. 有時名詞在句子中充當(dāng)表語，前面通常有冠詞，譯時可以轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞。 A newly-elected Senator is a power, I know that. 一個新當(dāng)選的參議員的確是威風(fēng)十足，那我是知道的。,b. 形容詞派生的名詞往往可以轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞 Eg. The p

26、allor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment. 她蒼白的臉色清楚地表明了她那時的情緒。 1. Oh, she is all gentleness, kindness, goodness! 她真是最溫柔，最體貼，最善良了！ 2.Now the little girls happiness was complete. 現(xiàn)在小女孩真是快樂到了極點。 3.Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 獨立思考對學(xué)習(xí)是絕對必要的。,轉(zhuǎn)譯為副詞(n./adj.-adv.),1. 名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為副詞 I have the honor to inform you that your request is granted. 我榮幸地通知您，您的請求已得到批準(zhǔn)。 When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over wit