1、非謂語動詞,1,什么是非謂 語動詞啊？,“非謂語非謂語”,就是不是謂語的動詞唄!,那不是謂語 是什么呢？,。,英語一句話只能有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu) 如果出現(xiàn)更多動詞： 加連詞（and / but / so） 放入從句 變?yōu)榉侵^語動詞,主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、補語,e.g. He works. He wants to work here. He is working now. The meeting held last week is very important.,非謂語：無人稱，數(shù)的變化，不單獨作謂語，但保留動詞特點，可以有賓語或狀語。,過去分詞 v-ed,不定式 to + v,動詞的v-in

2、g,非謂語動詞,動詞不定式,動詞不定式,To do that sort of thing is foolish.,I want to see you this evening.,My job is to teach English.,Do you have anything to say?,She came here to study English.,主語,賓語,表語,定語,狀語,賓補,(It is foolish to do that sort of thing.),She asked me to stay here.,注：在很多情況下，特別是在口語中， 常采用it作形式主語，而把不定式后

3、置。,Its a great pleasure to be here. It is not an easy thing to master a language.,注 ：不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語通常可在特定的上下文或情景中看出，也可以由“ for /of + 名詞詞組” 來表示，如：,It was difficult for me to do the work. Its kind of you to think so much of us.,作主語,特別注意,下列情形用不定式作定語,Made Curie was the first person in the world to receive tw

4、o Nobel Prizes. The best way to keep fit is to develop healthy eating habits.,特別注意,作定語,1. 由the only, the first, the last, the next以及序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞,常用不定式作定語.,Three years later he had a chance to go to Australia. He failed in his attempt to escape from prison.,2. 當修飾詞是名詞 : ability, way, chance , atte

5、mpt, plan, failure 等, 這時用不定式作定語,對所修飾詞起補充說明的作用.,作賓補,She asked me to stay here.,1. 她叫我呆在這兒。,2.請允許我介紹Mr. White給你們。,Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.,advise allow ask cause encourage expect force get inform invite order permit remind request teach tell want warn enable wish,做獨立成分,1. To tell

6、 the truth, I dont agree with you. (老實說) 類似的短語有: to be frank, 坦白說 to be exact, 確切的說 to begin with, 首先, 第一,注意,1 .有些動詞后面的不定式不帶to，如feel（一感）hear,listen to（二聽）make, have, let（三讓） see, watch, notice, observe（四看）.,I heard them sing a pop song . We watched them play football .,A . 不帶to的不定式,注: 這些動詞若用于被動語態(tài),不定

7、式必須加to The man was made to move his car by the policeman.,在 would rather than , rather than, 等結(jié)構(gòu)后的than之后不用to.,在 cant but, cant choose but, cant help but , do nothing but, 之后的不定式不用 to,4. 介詞but, except, besides + to do ,但是如果這些介詞前有行為動詞do的各種形式,那么, 介詞后的不定式不用to.,5. 一些特定結(jié)構(gòu)中: why not do (為什么不做) had better d

8、o (最好做) would rather do (寧愿；寧可 ) I would rather have a cup of tea. 我寧愿喝茶。 You had better go back. 你還是回去的好。 Why not see a film tonight?,注意,B. 帶疑問詞的動詞不定式在to 前加疑問詞。,Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer.,Can you tell me where to get the book?,(what,when,where,which ,who ,how),注意,D. 作簡短回答或避免不必要的重

9、復(fù)時，動詞不定式常常省去to 后面的動詞，只保留to 。,A:Would you like to come to my party?,Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).,B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party).,Mary想用我的自行車，但我叫她別用。,E. 有些動詞后面既可跟不定式to do，又可跟動名詞 doing，但是意義不一樣，如 remember, forget, try, stop, go on, mean, regret, like /lov

10、e, cant help, propose 等等,I remembered to post the letters. I remembered posting/having post the letters.,1) remember / forget to do 表示記得/ 忘記 要去做某事 remember / forget doing 表示記得/ 忘記 做過某事,2) try to do 設(shè)法努力做某事 try doing 嘗試著做某事,3) go on to do 表示接著做另外一件事情 go on doing 表示接著做原來的那件事情,4) stop to do 表示停下來去做另外一件

11、事情 stop doing 表示停止做某事,5) mean to do 表示打算，意欲做某事 mean doing 表示意味著，意思是,6) regret to do 表示很遺憾要去做某事 regret doing 表示很遺憾已經(jīng)做過的事情,8) cant help (to) do 表示不能做，無助于 cant help doing 表示請不自禁,9) used to do 表示過去常常做某事 be/get used to doing 表示習(xí)慣于做某事,注：need/want/require; worth/worthy 的特殊用法,The bike needs to be repaired.

12、The room needs repairing.,need/want to be done = need/want doing 需要(含被動意義),The book is worth reading The book is worthy to be read. The book is worthy of being read.,2) be worth doing be worthy to be done / be worthy of being done,這本書值得一讀。,注: prefer 的用法：,prefer doing to doing prefer to do rather tha

13、n do would rather do than do,I prefer waiting here to staying at home. I prefer to wait here rather than stay at home. I would rather wait here than stay at home.,He is used to _in that city. (live) Im looking forward to _you soon. (see) She objects to _the problem now. (discuss) He devoted himself

14、to _the new theory. (establish) I have been accustomed to _in that company since I came here. (work) In addition to _his own work well, he is ready to help others.(do),F. 下面的to是介詞，而不是不定式 be/get accustomed to, be/get used to, in addition to, +,living,seeing,discussing,establishing,working,doing,不定式的時

15、態(tài)和語態(tài),to do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been done,在to 前加 not,動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài),1. I opened the door to enter the room.,2. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.,. 一般式( to do ).,所表示的動作在謂語動詞之后發(fā)生。（將要）,被動式：to be done,3. He didnt like to be laughed at.,.進行式( to be doing),1

16、. I am very glad to be working with you.,2. He is said to be coming.,所表示的動作和謂語動詞同時發(fā)生。 （正在進行）,沒有被動式,.完成式（to have done),1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.,2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.,不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。 （已經(jīng)做過）,3. He claimed _in the supper market when he was doi

17、ng shopping yesterday. being badly treated B.treating badly C. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated.,被動式：to have been done,1. The light in the office is still on. -Oh, I forgot . A. turning it off B. turn it off C. having turned it off D. to turn it off 2. She cant help _ the house beca

18、use shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. Cleaned D. being c leaned 3. Not everybody has the ability in public. A. of speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak,練習(xí),4. Mary is always the first student _to answer the teachers questions in class. A. rising B. to rise C. rose D. risen 5. Mum

19、,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day? -_enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting 6.Would you be so kind _us out? -With pleasure. A. helping B. in helping C. help D. as to help,7. Wet umbrellas are not allowed _into this hotel accordin

20、g to the rule. A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking,8. Robert is said _ abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in. A to have studied B to study C to be studying D to have been studying,9. In Australia, he made a lot of friends _a very practical knowledge of English. get B. getting

21、C. to get D. got,10. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 11. We agreed _ here, but so far she hasnt turned out yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met 12. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.

22、A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning,13. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to I saw him _ out of the room. A. go B. had gone C. has gone D. goes 15. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very com

23、fortable to _ A. sit B. sit on C. be sit D. be sat on,16. There isnt any different between the two. I really dont know _ A. where to choose B. which to choose C. to choose what D. to choose which 17.Robert is said_abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C.

24、 made D. to make,1.非謂語動詞有哪些不同的形式？,to+v 不定式,過去分詞,to be done,to have been done,being done,having been done,及物動詞的過去分詞既表示被動又表示動作已完成, 個別動詞的過去分詞只表示完成(多數(shù)為不及物動詞),主動形式,被動形式,to do,to have done,doing,having done,不定式除一般式、完成式以外還有_,進行式to be doing,v-ed,v-ing分詞,非謂語動詞的否定：_,not+非謂語動詞,2. 非謂語動詞在句中通常作什么成分？,V-ing現(xiàn)在分詞,V-i

25、ng 分詞在句中通常作什么成分？,V-ing 現(xiàn)在分詞,Working with you is a pleasure.,I want to see you this evening.,My job is to teach English.,Do you have anything to say?,She came here to study English.,主語,賓語,表語,定語,狀語,賓補,(It is a pleasure working with you.),She asked me to stay here.,v-ing 形式的時態(tài)和語態(tài),doing,being done,havin

26、g done,having been done,在v-ing前加 not,例句： Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Having finished his homework, he went home. Being asked to answer the question, he stood up. Having been written in haste, the book has some faults.,not 置于V- ing 之前 Not getting up early, he missed the first bus. Not

27、 having received his letter, we all felt worried.,2. V- ing形式的否定式,分詞 (短語) 作狀語時, 其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。如果不一致，必須用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，也就是在分詞前面加上它的邏輯主語。,3. V- ing形式需注意,Entering the room, I found Tom watching TV. Looking at the picture, I couldnt help missing my middle school days. 比較 The bell ringing, we all stopped ta

28、lking. Weather permitting, we will have an outing tomorrow.,一、構(gòu)成形式, 過去分詞只有一種形式(v+ed), 現(xiàn)在分詞（否定式not +分詞）：,被動形式,doing,having done,being done,having been done,一般式,完成式,主動形式,二、 分詞的語法功能,1作定語 2作表語 3作賓語補足語 4作狀語,三、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞 的用法區(qū)別,1、作定語時:position,單個的分詞作定語時一般前置（位于被修飾的詞之前），分詞短語作定語時后置。,Do you know the （哭著的）boy? D

29、o you know the boy（在樹下哭的） ? We are trying our best to catch up with the （發(fā)達的）country. The students are discussing a book (由魯迅寫的).,crying,crying under the tree,developed,written by Lu Xun,作定語時:relationship,The meeting held last week is very important. 2.Tell the children playing there not to make so

30、much noise.,被動關(guān)系,主動關(guān)系,現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作定語的比較,飄雪_ 落葉_ 令人驚訝的消息 感到吃驚的表情- 總結(jié): v-ing現(xiàn)在分詞作定語: _ _ v-ed過去分詞作定語: _ _,falling snow,fallen leaves,the surprising news,表示“主動，或正在進行/ 令人感覺怎么樣”,表示“被動，或已完成/ 人自身感覺怎么樣”,the surprised look,It is the first time that Joy has come to Lianyungang. She has much difficulty finding h

31、er way around, as the roads have many _ turns and branch roads.,Scene 1,confusing/puzzling,Scene 2,Amy was performing in a drama when suddenly she forgot the words. The audience clapped their hands to encourage her, but she felt this was her _ (embarrass) situation.,embarrassed,Practice makes perfec

32、t!,1. Mrs.White showed her students some old maps _ from the library.（10 全國） A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing 2.(2011 江蘇）Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. Acompared Bcomparing Ccompares Dbeing co

33、mpared 3. With the governments aid, those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. （09上海） A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected,2、作表語時（跟在系動詞后）,現(xiàn)在分詞多表示主語所具有的特征或?qū)傩?；過去分詞多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。現(xiàn)在分詞表示“令人的”，過去分詞表示“感到”.常見的分詞有：,amazed / amazing; annoyed / annoying; interested / interesting;

34、pleased / pleasing; surprised / surprising; satisfied / satisfying; amused / amusing,Learn them by heart!,Translation: 1.有人認為如果一本書是有趣的，它一定會使讀者感興趣的。 2.先生們、女士們，請一直做到飛機已完全停下來止。,It is believed that if a book is interesting, it will surely interest the reader.,Ladies and gentlemen, please remain seated u

35、ntil the plane has come to a complete stop.,3、作賓語補足語時:relationship,取決于分詞與賓語的關(guān)系： 主動關(guān)系，用doing 被動關(guān)系，用done 例如,1.I found them painting the windows. 2. I found the windows painted.,主動關(guān)系,被動關(guān)系,（現(xiàn)在分詞表主動、進行）,（過去分詞表被動、完成）,Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.,1. (09全國) They use computers to keep the

36、 traffic run smoothly. 2.（2011江蘇） You look upset. Whats the matter？ I had my proposal to turn down again.,(running),turned down,3.(10安徽卷) Just now I caught him to steal things from the supermarket.,stealing,4、作狀語時:relationship,_from the moon, the earth looks like a blue ball. (see) _nobody at home ,

37、 he left. (see),被動關(guān)系,主動關(guān)系,分詞的選?。喝Q于分詞與句子主語的關(guān)系： 主動關(guān)系：用 doing 被動關(guān)系：用 done,Seen,Seeing,As the hare looks down upon the tortoise, he lies down and sleeps soundly.,Rewrite the sentences using ing or-ed forms:,_ the tortoise, the hare lies down and sleeps soundly.,Looking down upon,1. (10天津) When we appro

38、ached the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. Approaching the city, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. 2. (04 北京) Because he was tired after the trip, he soon fell asleep. Tired after the trip, he soon fell asleep.,COME ON!,Note 1:現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式與完成式：,一般式：doing

39、 表示非謂語動作與謂語動作幾乎同時發(fā)生。 完成式：having done 表示非謂語動作與謂語動作有著先后順序 。,_ such heavy loss, the businessman didnt have the courage to go on .(suffer),例如： _the news, her fans became wild with excitement. (hear),Hearing,Having suffered,Remember: Practice makes perfect! 1.(08全國卷I) The storm left ,_a lot of damage to

40、this area. A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused 2._ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks .(09 廣東) A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed,Note 2:分詞作狀語的基本原則： 分詞作狀語時，分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致。當非謂語動作的主語不是句子的主語時，必須加上其自己的邏輯主

41、語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。如：,Spring coming, the fields are full of life.,再如： Weather permitting ,we will go out for a spring outing. The job having been done, we went home.,因為coming的邏輯主語，并不是the fields ，應(yīng)補上它的邏輯主語spring，,獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),非謂語動詞，,主語+謂語,名詞/代詞+,動作的邏輯主語,falling here and there, I suddenly notice autumn is drawi

42、ng upon. completed, well have a global traveling.,Leaves,Task,Consolidation:,1. Many students _ around, I explained the story into details.（07 重慶） A. stood B. standing C. to stand D. were standing 2.There _ nothing to talk about , every one in the room remained silent . A. was B. had C. being D. hav

43、ing 3. Everything _ into consideration , they believed themselves more and returned to their position. A. to taken B. taken C. to be taken D. taking,The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ at the end of last March.(2007山東) A. has been launched B. having been laun

44、ched C. being launched D. to be launched,B,The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day. (07重慶) A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished,B,有些分詞作狀語時，其形式的選用不受上下文的影響，稱作獨立成分或插入語。常見的有：,generally / frankly/ strictly speaking 一般而言/坦率地說/ 嚴格地說 judging from /by

45、根據(jù)來判斷 considering / taking into consideration考慮到；鑒于 supposing / providing /provided that 如果 compared with/to 與相比,例如 _his accent ,he is from the south . _ your health, you d better have a rest.,Note 3:獨立成分作狀語,Judging from/by,Considering,-ing,復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),my/your. 人/物s,Im happy for your telling me the truth.

46、Im angry for your not telling me the truth.,The discovery of new evidence led to _.A. the thief having caughtB. catch the thiefC. the thiefs being caughtD. the thief to be caught,C,_ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A. The president will attendB. The president to attendC.

47、The president attendedD. The presidents attending,D,總結(jié): 非謂語動詞與邏輯主語的關(guān)系： 表示主動用V-ing、 表示被動用V-ed； 與謂語動詞時間的關(guān)系： 同時發(fā)生用:v-ing的一般形式、 發(fā)生在之前用:完成形式； 發(fā)生在之后用:不定式的一般形式。,非謂語動詞解題 四大步驟,（一）分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),辨別“謂語與非謂語”（如果是非謂語，判斷所充當?shù)某煞郑?_many times , but he still couldnt understand it .,2. _many times , he still couldnt understand

48、 it .,A. Having been told B. Being told C. He had been told D. Though he was told,C,_,A,注意連詞,3.It _ a hot day, wed better go swimming.,4. _ a rainy day ; we decided not to go there.,is B. to be C. being D.It being E. It was F. been,C,E,注意標點符號,非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞特點，其邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。,（二）找邏輯主語,1.Walkin

49、g along the street one day, she saw a little girl running up to her. 2.She is reading a book found on the way. 3.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.,一般來說： 1.作狀語的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語； 2.作賓補的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是賓語； 3.作定語的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是被修飾詞。,Everything,they,1._ everything into consideratio

50、n, they ought to have another chance.,2.Everything _into consideration, they ought to have another chance.,Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the verb “take”,Taking,taken,（三）分析語態(tài),分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動詞 和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是主動還是被動關(guān)系。,“You cant catch me !” Jane shouted, _ away. A. run B. running C.to

51、run D. ran 2. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing,Jane,the two students,(四）分析時態(tài),1. The building _now will be a restaurant .,2. The building _ next year will be a restaurant .,3. The building _ last year is a restaurant.,having been built B.to be built C.being built D. built,C,B,D,非謂語動詞解題步驟,方法總結(jié)： 謂非謂，找主語，析語態(tài)，定時態(tài)。,The pu