1、專題八動詞和動詞短語,2019 全新版,分析廣東近6年中考真題可知，動詞和動詞短語是每年廣東中考的必考點。其中單項填空主要涉及情態(tài)動詞(6年6考)和動詞短語(6年5考)；動詞和動詞短語是完形填空的必考點，每年均考查3題及以上，是完形填空中所占分值比重最大的考點；系動詞主要和主謂一致結(jié)合在一起考查；2018年短文填空中考查了助動詞。其命題規(guī)律為：,必考點：實義動詞(6年6考，題型；完形填空、短文填空；主要考查實義動詞辨析和盲填。) 情態(tài)動詞(6年6考；題型：單項填空；主要考查情態(tài)動詞的基本用法。) 動詞短語(6年6考；題型：單項填空、完形填空、短文填空；主要考查動詞短語的辨析和盲填。) 冷考點：

2、系動詞(6年2考；題型：單項填空；主要考查主謂一致。) 助動詞(6年1考；題型：短文填空；考查了被動語態(tài)。),考點精講,易錯盤點,試題精練,1. 及物動詞和不及物動詞 實義動詞是獨立作謂語的動詞，根據(jù)其后能否接賓語可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。,考點精講,考點 動詞的基本用法 【該考點雖不會直接出題，但也要了解，對掌握其他考點有幫助。】,(1)及物動詞一般都帶有賓語，可以用于被動語態(tài)。主要用于以下三種結(jié)構(gòu)： 動詞 + 賓語： I love my country. 我愛我的祖國。 動詞 + 賓語 + 賓補(bǔ)： They asked me to go fishing with them. 他們讓我和他

3、們一起去釣魚。 動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語： Jim lent me his dictionary. 吉姆把他的字典借給了我。,(2)不及物動詞不能接賓語，也不能用于被動詞語態(tài)。如go, run, come, happen, swim等。如果要接賓語，則需在動詞和賓語之間加上介詞；有些不及物動詞與其他詞搭配可構(gòu)成動詞短語，相當(dāng)于一個及物動詞。如：,3.動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式 在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時和過去進(jìn)行時中，動詞原形要變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞形式?，F(xiàn)在分詞一般在動詞后加-ing。詳細(xì)規(guī)則如下：,4. 動詞的過去式和過去分詞形式 在一般過去時和完成時中，動詞原形要變?yōu)檫^去式和過去分詞。過去式和過去分詞一般是在動

4、詞原形末尾加-ed。詳細(xì)規(guī)則如下：,注意(1)prefer的過去式和過去分詞要先雙寫末尾的輔音字母r，再加ed，即：preferpreferredpreferred。 (2)動詞的過去式、過去分詞的不規(guī)則變化形式，沒有具體的變化規(guī)律，需單獨記憶，詳見早讀材料。,1. 情態(tài)動詞的特征 (1)情態(tài)動詞有一定的詞義，但不能單獨作謂語，必須和行為動詞或系動詞連用，構(gòu)成謂語。 (2)情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化(have to除外)，其后接動詞原形。,考點 情態(tài)動詞(6年6考),2. 情態(tài)動詞的基本用法,易錯提醒 (1)由may引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句，肯定回答用may；否定回答用cant/mustnt。 (2)

5、will/would 也可作情態(tài)動詞，表示請求、推測、習(xí)慣、傾向等意義。表示請求時，would比will語氣更委婉。如：Would you like to go with me? 你想和我一起去嗎？ It will be Mr.Wang knocking at the door. 敲門的應(yīng)該是王先生吧。,3. 情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法,如：Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best. 你是湯姆的好朋友，因此你一定知道他最喜歡什么。 What are you going to do this weekend? 這周末你打算做

6、什么？ Im not sure. I may/might/could go to visit my grandpa. 我不確定。我可能去看望我爺爺。 Jim cant be in the room. He has gone to Shenzhen. 吉姆不可能在房間。他去深圳了。,注意這幾個詞按照推測的可能性大小依次為：mustcouldmaymightcant,()1. (2018廣東)Yuan Longping, a famous Chinese scientist, is now doing research on sea rice. If farmers _ start plantin

7、g rice in salty water, Chinas food supply will surely rise. AcanBcant CmustDmustnt,A,()2. (2017廣東) To keep children safe, we _put the things like knives and medicine away in our house. AmayBshould CcanDmight ()3. (2016廣東)Mom, _ I visit the art museum next Monday? Im afraid you cant. All museums in t

8、he city are closed on Monday. AwouldBneed CshouldDmay,B D,()4. (2015廣東)Look! The traffic light has turned red. We _ stop our car. Acan Bcant Cmust Dmustnt ()5. (2014廣東) _ you come with me to Lang Langs piano concert this evening? Id love to, but I have to study for my math test. AShouldBMay CMustDCa

9、n,C D,()6. (2013廣東) Someone is knocking at the door. Is it Ann? It _ be her. She is giving a performance at the theatre now. AmayBmust CcantDmustnt ()7. (2018汕頭市龍湖區(qū)模擬)Lisa, _you speak French? Yes, but only a little. AneedBmust CmayDcan,C D,()8. (2018佛山市獅山鎮(zhèn)適應(yīng)性檢測)Hello, _ I talk to Doctor Neil? I have

10、 an appointment with him this afternoon. Sure, hang on a second. He is coming. AmayBshould CmustDmight ()9. (2018惠州市惠城區(qū)一模)May I go across the road when the traffic light is red? No, you _. Ashouldnt Bmay not Cmustnt Dneednt,A C,()10. (2018陽江市江城區(qū)一模)Must we wear the school uniform tomorrow, Mr. Wang?

11、No, you _. Only on Mondays. Tomorrow is Tuesday. AshouldntBneednt CcantDmustnt ()11. (2018中山市卓雅外國語學(xué)校二模)The food in this restaurant _ be bad. Few people come to have dinner here. AmustBmay CcantDmustnt,B A,()12. (2018湛江二中模擬)Whose is this green coat? Im quite sure it_ be Henrys. I noticed him wearing

12、a red one this morning. AmayBmust Cmustnt Dcant,D,動詞短語是廣東中考必考點之一，其命題點主要有：不同動詞 + 同一介詞/副詞，同一動詞 + 不同介詞/副詞，不同動詞 + 不同介詞/副詞等。,考點 動詞短語(6年6考),1. 不同動詞 + 同一介詞/副詞 with 短語 agree with 同意catch up with 趕上 come up with 提出；想出connect with 與相連 deal with 解決；處理 fill.with. 用填滿 get on with 與相處 help sb. with sth. 幫助某人某事 pr

13、ovide.with. 提供talk with/to 與談話,on 短語 carry on 繼續(xù)下去；繼續(xù)開展 come on 來吧；趕快；加油 depend on/upon 依靠；信賴 go on 繼續(xù) hang on 等一等(別掛電話) keep on 繼續(xù)(進(jìn)行) live on 以為食；靠為生 put on 穿上；上演；增加(體重) spend.on 在花錢try on 試穿 turn on 打開 work on 努力改善(或完成),off短語 get off 下車 keep off 使不接近 pay off 償清(欠款等) put off 推遲 ring off 掛斷電話 set o

14、ff 動身；啟程 take off 起飛；脫下 turn off 關(guān)掉 away 短語 get away 逃離；擺脫 give away贈送；捐贈 go away 走開；離去 put away 將收起；把放回原處 run away 逃跑；跑掉 throw away 扔掉 take away 帶走；拿走,up 短語 bring up 養(yǎng)育；培養(yǎng) call up 打電話；號召 cheer up 振作起來 get up 起床 grow up 長大 hang up 掛斷電話 hurry up 趕快；快點兒keep up 持續(xù)不變；跟上 look up 查找；抬頭看 make up 組成；編造 pick

15、 up撿起；接送 put up 舉起；張貼 ring up給打電話 set up 開辦；創(chuàng)建 speed up 加快速度 stay up 熬夜 take up 開始從事；占用wake up 醒來,2. 同一動詞不同介詞/副詞 go 短語 go in for 參加；喜歡 go away 走開；離開 go by 走過，經(jīng)過；(時間)流逝 go out 出去；熄滅 go over 仔細(xì)檢查 go through 仔細(xì)察看；通過；經(jīng)歷 turn 短語 turn around 轉(zhuǎn)身；掉頭 turn back 原路返回，往回走 turn in 上交 turn out 結(jié)果是 turn off 關(guān)掉 tur

16、n up開大(音量) turn down關(guān)小(音量)；拒絕,give短語 give back歸還 give out 分發(fā)；放出(氣味、光、熱等) give up 放棄 look 短語 look after 照顧 look at 看 look around 環(huán)顧四周 look down upon/on 輕視；看不起 look for 尋找 look forward to 期盼； 盼望 look like 看起來像 look out 留意；小心 look over檢查 look up to欽佩；仰慕 look through瀏覽 (注：更多短語見早讀材料),()13. (2017廣東)If you

17、 want to know more about space, please _ the book A Brief History of time. Alook throughBlook around Clook afterDlook down upon ()14. (2016廣東)Martin and Susan _ for Shanghai to attend an international meeting yesterday. Aput off Bfell off Cset off Dkept off,A C,()15. (2015廣東)Mum, shall we go to the

18、beach tomorrow？It _ the weather. Acarries on Blives on Cdepends on Dholds on ()16. (2014廣東)I will miss my family when I go abroad for further study this autumn. Dont worry. You can _ them by e-mail. Acome up withBget along with Cmake friends withDkeep in touch with,C D,()17. (2013廣東)Again and again

19、the doctor_ the crying baby girl, but he couldnt find out what was wrong with her. Alooked overBlooked after Clooked forDlooked out ()18. (2018惠州市惠陽區(qū)模擬)UNICEF was _ in Europe in 1946. Aset upBput up Ctaken upDheld up,A A,()19. (2018東莞市六校聯(lián)考二模)Wow, why does Johnson get so heavy? He ate five meals ever

20、y day and didnt play sports for a month. So he has _ fifteen pounds. Aput out Bput off Cput on Dput up ()20. (2018陽江市江城區(qū)模擬)Make a call to us as soon as you know the result of the speech competition. We are_ your good news. Ataking part inBtaking pride in Clooking up toDlooking forward to,C D,()21. A

21、lmost every university now has a website which allows us to _ the information about it. Alook atBlook after Clook upDlook out ()22. Jane is very busy these days, for she has a lot of problems to _. Adeal withBkeep up with Cagree withDcome up with,C A,1. accept, receive：accept “接受”，指由主觀意志來決定接受；receiv

22、e“接到；收到”，指收到某物這一動作，不包含本身是否愿意接受的意思。如： I received a gift yesterday, but I didnt accept it. 昨天我收到了一件禮物，但是我沒有接受。,考點 動詞詞義辨析(6年6考),2. bring, take, carry：bring“拿來，帶來”；take“拿走，帶走”；carry“搬運(yùn)，提，拿”。如： Bring me some water, please. 請給我取點水來。 Take my box to my room.把我的箱子拿到我的房間去。 He was carrying a suitcase. 他正提著手提箱。

23、,3. say, speak, talk, tell: say表示“說話”，強(qiáng)調(diào)說話的內(nèi)容；speak表示“說話”，強(qiáng)調(diào)說話方式和能力或說某種語言；talk“談話”；tell“告訴，講述”。如： What did Tom say? 湯姆說了什么？ Oh, I dont know. I was talking with Betty. Maybe you can ask Jerry and he will tell you. 哦，我不知道。我一直在和貝蒂說話。也許你可以問杰里，他會告訴你。 He can speak several languages. 他能說幾國語言。,4. spend, pay

24、, take, cost: 都可以表示“花費(fèi)”。spend主語是人，常用于sb. spend some time/money on sth.和sb. spend some time (in) doing sth.；pay主語是人，常用于sb. pay some money for sth.；take常用于It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.；cost主語是物，常用于sth. cost sb. some money/time。如： Your coat is nice. How much did it cost you? 你的外套不錯。它花了你多少錢？ O

25、h, I spent 100 yuan on it. 哦，我花了100元。 I paid 100 yuan for the coat. It takes me 100 yuan to buy the coat. 我花了100元買這件外套。,5. rise, raise：rise“(某物)升起，上升”，主要指事物自身移動到較高位置，常用于日、月、煙、霧、溫度、物價等；raise“籌集；舉起；飼養(yǎng)”，常指人或其他力量把東西提(抬、舉)到高處。如： When he woke up, the sun was rising. 當(dāng)他醒來時，太陽正在升起。 Please raise your hand if

26、 you know the answer. 如果你知道答案，請舉手。,6. provide, offer, give, supply：provide“提供，供應(yīng)”，常用于provide sth. for sb./provide sb. with sth.; offer “主動提出，自愿給予”，常用于offer sb. sth./offer sth. to sb.；give“提供，給”，常用于give sb. sth./give sth. to sb.; supply“供給；補(bǔ)充”，常用于supply sb. with sth./supply sth. to sb.。如： The school

27、provides us with a clean and comfortable environment. 學(xué)校給我們提供一個干凈、舒適的環(huán)境。,The girl offered her seat to an old man. 這個女孩兒主動把她的座位讓給了一位老人。 Give the notebook to me, Jack! 杰克，把筆記本給我！ Cows supply us with milk. 奶牛供給我們牛奶。 7. win, beat: win“贏；獲勝”，后接事物(match, game等)；beat“打敗；戰(zhàn)勝”，后接人或隊伍。如： Class Two won the game

28、. 二班贏得了比賽。 Jim beat Tom and became the winner. 吉姆戰(zhàn)勝了湯姆，成為了獲勝者。,8. borrow, lend, keep：borrow“借入”；lend“借出”；keep “借(多久)”。borrow和lend為短暫性動詞，keep為延續(xù)性動詞。如： Can you lend the book to me？你可以把這本書借給我嗎？ I borrowed it from the library and have kept it for two weeks. I must return it. 我從圖書館借的，并且已經(jīng)借了兩周了。我得還回去了。,()

29、23. (2018珠海市一模)How long may I _ the book？For a week. AkeepBborrow CtakeDwant ()24. (2018汕頭市濠江區(qū)模擬)Dont_ me again, or I will never trust you. I promise what I said is true. AfitBrefuse CprotectDcheat,A D,()25. (2018汕頭市濠江區(qū)模擬)I enjoy chatting with you on WeChat, but I am afraid that I cant _ too much time doing that. AtakeBspend CcostDpay ()26. Miss Wang, Im sorry I am late because I _ to catch the early bus. It doesnt matter. Youd better come to school earlier next time. Aneeded Bfailed CmanagedDtried,B B,動詞盲填是廣東中考短文填空的必考點之一。動詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)(見考點2)、過去式、過去分詞(見考點4)和現(xiàn)在分詞(見考點3)均有考查。同學(xué)們在解題時可按照以下