1、,1.Benjamin conducted a number of experiments. conduct vt./vi. 1)導(dǎo)電 conduct electricity 2)進(jìn)行 conduct a meeting 3)引導(dǎo)，帶領(lǐng) Conduct me to your teacher.,4)指揮 （樂(lè)隊(duì)） conduct a band 5)表現(xiàn)（和反身代詞連用） 他表現(xiàn)得體。 He conducted himself in a good manner. Conductor n. 樂(lè)隊(duì)指揮，公共汽車(chē)售票員， 導(dǎo)（電）體,2.a great/good many a large/great/g

2、ood number of a good few/quite a few many a,+可數(shù)名詞,a great/good deal of a great/large amount of quite a little,+不可數(shù)名詞,a lot of/lots of a great/large quantity of large quantities of plenty of,+可數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞,3.Having realized that I could use a kite to attract lightening , I decided to do an experiment . (1

3、)attract vt. attract a large audience, attract many tourists, attract our attention attractive adj. attraction n. (2) Having realized 為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，doing 表示與后一動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，having done 表示比另一動(dòng)作先發(fā)生， doing / having done 作狀語(yǔ)， 可表示伴隨、原因、條件、結(jié)果、方式、讓步等。這時(shí)-ing形式相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。,1)時(shí)間： Crossing the road(= As he was crossing

4、the road) ,he was run over by a car. 2)原因 Having lived in Shanghai many years(= Because he has lived in Shanghai many years), he knows the places very well . 3)條件： Working hard, youll do well in your exam.(If you work hard),4)結(jié)果： His parents died in the war, leaving him an orphan.(= so that he becam

5、e an orphan.) 5)讓步: Working hard all the year round (= Although he worked hard all the year round ) , the poor peasant still couldnt afford to send his son to school. 6)方式/伴隨：He went out , slamming the door. (=and he slammed the door.),5.The kite flew high in the rainy sky, but nothing happened. Hig

6、h 是副詞。在英語(yǔ)中有些形容詞變化出兩個(gè)副詞： 1)與形容詞相同（具體的概念） 2)在形容詞后加-ly (表示抽象概念),widewidely, highhighly ,direct-directly deepdeeply , closeclosely eg. The door opened wide and people came streaming out . English is widely used in the world. We must dig the hole deep . We are deeply moved by the movie. 注：hardhardly 意義不同

7、 firm-firmly 特例,6.begin to do sth 與 begin doing sth 1) 出現(xiàn)beginning 時(shí),用to do sth ; e.g. Are the farmers beginning to sell apples? begin 后面跟的是understand , realize, see ,know , think 等表示心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用begin to do sth She began to think she was wrong after a second thought.,2) 如果談?wù)撘粋€(gè)長(zhǎng)期的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作開(kāi)始養(yǎng)成時(shí)，常用begin doin

8、g Eg. How old were you when you first began playing the piano?,7.The string was getting charged! 風(fēng)箏線(xiàn)帶電了！ (1)get charged 充電： Does your car battery get charged? Charge vt. 收費(fèi)，要價(jià)，指控；使負(fù)責(zé) (2)charge sb money for sth 因收費(fèi)、要價(jià) How much do you charge for your eggs? (3)charge sb with 由于控告某人： The police charged

9、him with stealing.,(4)Charge sb to do sth 囑托、吩咐某人做某事： She charged me to look after her son. (5)Charge n. 索取的價(jià)錢(qián)、費(fèi)用： free of charge 免費(fèi) be in charge of 負(fù)責(zé)某事 be in the charge of 處于某人的負(fù)責(zé)之下,8. close to 幾乎,接近,靠近 She is close to tears. close 可作形容詞或副詞: I didnt pay close attention to the details. (adj.) Come

10、close so that I can see you.(adv) closely The two cases are closely connected.,9. electric shock觸電 electric 電的(由電操縱或由電產(chǎn)生的) electricpower / shock / light / fan / lamp / bell / waves / chair / clock electrical 與電有關(guān)的 electrical engineer / energy /equipment electronic E-mail E-dictionary electrician n.

11、電工,10.The experiment proves that lightning and electricity are the same. (1)vt. 證明，證實(shí) （后接名詞或that從句） This proved him (to be) an honest man. He has proved his courage/bravery in the battle prove sth to sb / prove to sb that Can you prove to me that you were at home that evening ?,(2)Link-v. 被證明是(不用被動(dòng)式

12、） （turn out） She proves to be a strict teacher. His advice proved (to be )very helpful.,11.a kite made of silk will not tear so soon tear vt. 撕，扯： He tore the picture off the magazine. (1) tear down 撕下來(lái)，拆毀（房屋)， (2)tearin half / in two /into halves 撕成兩半 (3) tear up 撕碎（成一塊塊）； 挖開(kāi)，揭開(kāi)，拔起 (4)tear at 猛力去抓，

13、撥動(dòng),n.眼淚（復(fù)數(shù)） Her eyes were filled with tears. in tears， burst into tears , keep / hold back ones tears,12.make a small cross of two pieces of light wood (1) n. 十字形或叉形符號(hào)： Jesus died on the cross. the Red Cross (2) Vt. = go across I crossed the river by the wooden bridge. a vt. 交叉 She sat there crossin

14、g her legs. b cross off 從劃掉cross out 劃掉 Cf crossing/across/cross,13. Tie the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross, and you will have a nice strong kite. tie to : The farmer tied the horse to a tree. (1)tie n. 領(lǐng)帶 繩子；聯(lián)系，紐帶 Please find me a tie to tie up all the books. (2) n. 同分、平局 (=

15、draw) The game ended in a draw / tie.,(3) adj. 生氣，不高興發(fā)脾氣： Your father is very cross about your staying out so late. (4) crossing n. 十字路口 Turn left at the crossing.,14. 在“祈使句and陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，祈使句表示條件，陳述句表示結(jié)果。 上句相當(dāng)于：If you tie the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross, you will 祈使句or + 陳述句：

16、表示If (not), (you) will eg. Work harder and you will find it not difficult to learn. Hurry up, or you will be late,15. a piece of sharp metal (1) adj. 鋒利的，敏銳的，機(jī)警 He has a sharp sense of smell . He is sharp at figures. (2)明晰的， 鮮明的 That photo isnt very sharp . (3)急劇的，猛烈的 There was a sharp rise in the p

17、rice of meat . a sharp turn 急轉(zhuǎn)彎,(4)(指人）厲害的， 尖刻的： He is much too sharp for me. She has a sharp voice. (5)adv. 某時(shí)整 ： Come at 10 oclock sharp. (6)Vt. sharpen : sharpen the pencil,16. appear vi/link.verb （表面上）似乎 seem vi/link.verb （事實(shí)上）似乎 It appears / appeared that . appear + adj. appear + to do / to be doing / to have done eg. It appears that I am wrong . I appear (to be ) wrong. He appears to be talking to himself. John appeared to have known that .,17. take care 注意,確保； 保重 Take care that you dont spoil your clothes. take care of / look after She stayed at home to take care of the baby.,1