1、Lesson 14 Do you speak English? 【New words and expressions】生詞和短語amusing adj. 好笑的，有趣的 experience n. 經(jīng)歷 wave v. 招手lift n. 搭便車 reply v. 回答 language n. 語言 journey n. 旅行 amusing adj. 好笑的, 有趣的 The story is amusing. （好笑的） amused adj. 感到好笑的（要笑出聲） I am amused. amuse v. 使發(fā)笑，使愉快 The story amused me.funny adj.

2、好笑的（不一定要笑出聲可以指貶義），開心的，令人開心的 interesting / funny story experience n. 經(jīng)歷（可數(shù)）；經(jīng)驗(yàn)（不可數(shù)） n. 經(jīng)歷（可數(shù)） He has a lot of experiences. n. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)，體驗(yàn)（不可數(shù)） They want someone with a lot of experience for this job. Does she have any experience in teaching? vt. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)，體驗(yàn) Have you ever experienced anything like this? The villa

3、ge has experienced great changes since 1980. experienced adj. 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的 He is an experienced doctor. wave v. 招手 vt. & vi. (使)波動,(使)起伏,(使)飄揚(yáng) n.波浪，波紋，波 v. 招手 vt. & vi. (使)波動,(使)起伏,(使)飄揚(yáng) Bill waved his hand to us and then drove away.比爾向我們揮手告別后開車走了。wave to sb. 向某人招手 The flag waved in the wind.旗幟在風(fēng)中飄揚(yáng)。n

4、.波浪，波紋，波The boat was smashed by a huge wave.小船被一個巨浪掀翻了。She has a natural wave in her hair.她的頭發(fā)自然卷曲。 lift vt. 舉起；運(yùn)送；偷竊；升高；還清；取消 vi. 提升 n. 舉起；提升；電梯；搭便車；幫助；載貨量；扒竊 消散（被）提高，（被）提起，（使）升起，提升，舉起，抬起，抬高，升高，吊起；聳立，隆起；解除，終止；空運(yùn)；偷竊；抄襲；挖出；拔起；償還；振作（精神）；使高尚；搬運(yùn)，運(yùn)送；鼓舞；移開，移動，搬動；解除、撤銷（限制）He was too weak even to lift his h

5、and.The helicopter lifted the entire team to the meet.。She was caught lifting make-up from the supermarket.The good news lifted my spirits.。For some income levels rise after purchase, customers must first purchase the original loan repaid, can lift the selling home mortgages.對于一些收入水平上升的二次購房客戶，原先必須將首

6、次購房的貸款還清后，才可以解除抵押出售舊房。UsedThey decided to lift the embargo.他們決定解除禁運(yùn)。用作不及物動詞 (vi.) They want to lift the rate of enjoyment too.他們還想提升快樂率。Soft angelic voices lift you into higher realms.溫柔的天使之音將領(lǐng)您提升到更高的領(lǐng)域n. (名詞) 電梯；順便搭載；舉起之力；鼓舞；情緒激昂，精神振奮；吊車；起重機(jī)；舉起，搬起，抬高，提升；提，吊，升，舉；高昂的姿態(tài)；浮力；舉重量wants to take a lift. 某人想

7、搭便車A give B a lift. 讓某人搭便車 The student gave me a lift.take a bus/taxi/lift 乘公共汽車/乘出租汽車/搭便車 I want to take a lift. thumb lift 拇指便車(向過路車輛豎起拇指表示要求免費(fèi)搭車) reply v. 回答 n. 回答；答復(fù)；應(yīng)答reply與 answer 的區(qū)別： 作為不及物動詞是一樣的 : He answered/replied. 作為及物動詞就不一樣了:answer sth. answer the letter 回信 reply to sth. I will reply to

8、 the letter. 回信 language n. 語言 native language 母語 The native language is Chinese. mother tongue 母語(口語中用) My mother tongue is Chinese. journey n. 旅行， 所有的旅行，偏重于陸地旅行 go on a journey 2 hours journey；3 days journey(三天路程) trip n. 短距離旅行或出差(時間或距離上較短) go on a trip = go on business travel n. 周游（長途旅行） tour n.

9、游玩（為了玩） tourist n. 游客 voyage n. 旅行(海上) flight n. 空中飛行 課文知識點(diǎn)：1、After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town. after 引導(dǎo)的從句如果一個是過去時，一個是過去完成時，那一定是從句用過去完成時；before 引導(dǎo)的 從句表示“在之前”，主句發(fā)生在從句之前, 主句用過去完成時。 drive on 繼續(xù)開往（on 加在動詞的后面表示繼續(xù)） My heart will go on 我心永恒 drive to開車去某地

10、 副詞on 緊跟在動詞后面時可以表示“向前”、“ 繼 續(xù) 下 去 ” 等意義： He talked on until everybody had gone. 他滔滔不絕地講到大家都走了。 I was reading when my friend called. After he had gone, I went on to read. 我朋友來看我時我正在看書。他走了以后我便繼續(xù)看書。 表達(dá)方位的表達(dá)方式一共有 3 個介詞,in（在里面）,on（接壤），to（沒有相接的, 是相離的） A is to the east of B A在B的東方（A與B不相接） A is on the east o

11、f B A在B的東方（A與B接壤） A is in the east of B A在B的東方（A在B的里面） 2、On the way, a young man waved to me. on the way 在路上；在途中 wave to sb.沖某人揮手 3、I stopped and he asked me for a lift.Ask 與 Ask For： ask v. 問，詢問；請求，要求，邀請 ask a question/ask sb. 問（一個問題）/問某人 I asked (Mary) a question. They asked Tony to sing a song. T

12、hey asked her to spend the weekend with them. ask for 要，要求（某樣?xùn)|西） ask for the answer I asked for a cup of coffee, but they gave me a cup of tea. You are always asking for help.4、As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language. as soon as 一就

13、，后面一定要加一個句子(時間狀語從句), 強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個動作幾乎是連在一起的，“一”后面的先發(fā)生 As soon as I had entered the room, I took off my coat at once. As soon as I had received the letter, I ringed/called him back. 只要是狀語從句, 一旦遇到將來時, 變?yōu)橐话悻F(xiàn)在時 As soon as you arrive, you must call me. 表示用某種語言作為交際手段時介詞用in，表示講某種語言時可以不加介詞。 I speak English. I say a

14、 word in Chinese. That book is written in German. reply 要想加賓語要加 to (+要回答的內(nèi)容)，而 in the same language 在句中作狀語, 不是 replay所應(yīng)回答的問題(賓語), 故用 in 5、Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all. apart from 除以外除以外的表達(dá)besides表示除外（還有），是包括在內(nèi)的意思【加法的概念】。例：Besides tomatoes,I also like potatoes. (包括tomatoes）

15、except與except for均表示除去，是不包括的意思【減法的概念】。但兩者從語法角度有區(qū)別，不能隨意互換。* 區(qū)別一：except for能放句首，但except不能。例：Except for Jim, who is unwell, they are all ready to leave for America tomorrow. (不包括Jim)* 區(qū)別二：except for由于有介詞for，故后面只能接名詞或名詞性短語；except后面既可以接名詞或名詞性短語，也可以接從句、介詞短語甚至動詞。 例1. I like all vegetables except (for) toma

16、toes. (不包括tomatoes) 例2.You are allowed to smoke everywhere except in the lobby. (不包括in the lobby） 例3.The dish you cooked was great except that it could use more salt.（這里不要直譯，可譯為“你做的這道菜很好吃，就是味道可以稍微再咸一點(diǎn)?！保┐送?，except for含有對整體中的某一個方面不滿意， except for 可以不放在句首, 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體當(dāng)中某一方面除外, 剩下的整體都不錯。The article is very good

17、 except for his handwriting. Except for his height, he is very excellent.apart from既能表示包括，也能表示不包括，要根據(jù)上下文判斷意思【可加可減】（習(xí)慣上放在句首，在句首可代替besides和except）： 例1. Apart from Germany, they also visited Italy and Austria. (包括) 例2. I like all vegetables apart from tomatoes. (不包括) 例3. Apart from Friday, Ill be in Lo

18、ndon. (不包括)not at all 一點(diǎn)都不，表強(qiáng)調(diào) I dont like it. I dont like it at all. 5、Neither of us spoke during the journey.Which of，Either of，Neigher of 與 Both of 上面這些短語都可用于指兩個人或兩件事 either of 兩者當(dāng)中的任何一個 neither of 兩者都不both of 兩者都 當(dāng)詢問在兩個或更多的人或事物中偏愛哪一個或選擇哪一個時，可用 whichI like both of these bags. Which of the two do

19、you prefer? either 與 neither 都是對兩個人或物而言（后接單數(shù)名詞）。 either 指 one or the other（不是這個就是那個），either 和 neithe后跟of時則指兩個事物中的每一個either of sb. 當(dāng)中的任何一個 neither of sb. 當(dāng)中的任何一個都不（neither of（注意英音與美音的讀音）兩者之間都不, 一旦出現(xiàn), 這句話里面不會再出現(xiàn) not） I dont like the book. My sister doesnt like it either. Neither of us likes it. (注意要用單

20、數(shù)) Which bag shall I use? Either of them. It doesnt matter which. 哪個都行。用哪個都沒關(guān)系。 Neither of them. Use a suitcase. 哪個都不行。用個手提箱吧。問題：He could not answer(neither of)(either of)the questions I (asked)(asked for). both 只指兩個人或物。當(dāng)它用在名詞前時，of 可有可無；當(dāng)用在代詞前面時，其后必須加 of Both books/Both of the books are interesting.

21、 Both of us/them left early. none of 三者或三者以上之間都不6、I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, Do you speak English? nearly 將要 almostwhen 的翻譯要看當(dāng)時的具體情況, 在這里譯為“就在此時”I had nearly reached home when I found my mother standing there.Do you speak English? 你說英語嗎? 你是說英語國家的人嗎?

22、（問的是一個事實(shí)，不是問會說英語嗎） Do you swim? 你去游泳嗎? Can you swim? 你會游泳嗎?7、As I soon learnt, he was English himself! I learn 我得知； I know 我知道(我本來就知道) As+主語+動詞，從句 As my mother said/As I heard/ As I learnt 正如 As we know正如我們所知 As I think ,it is the coldest day in the year. As he said, English is easy to learn. himsel

23、f反身代詞單獨(dú)放在句尾, 起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用 I read English myself.本課語法：過去完成時過去完成時：由 had+過去分詞構(gòu)成，它表示過去某時或某動作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動作或情況，即“較早的過去”。 過去完成時一定要以一個過去時態(tài)作鋪墊, 這個動作一定要發(fā)生在 had done 之后。在用過去完成時態(tài)的句子中，常用連詞 when，after，as soon as，until，by that time 等。常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的副詞如 already，just，never，neverbefore 也常與過去完成時連用，以強(qiáng)調(diào)事件發(fā)生的先后次序： I didnt know that sh

24、e was a famous actress until you had told me. The boys loved the zoo. They had never seen wild animals before. 在那些用過去完成時的句子中沒有明確的時間狀語，但通過上下文可以看出動作發(fā)生的先后。 Exercises D (用正確的時態(tài)填空) The moment he had said this, he _ (regret) it. the moment = as soon as 一就，后面直接加從句 It _ (begin) to rain before she took a tax

25、i. before 引導(dǎo)的從句用一般過去時, 主句用過去完成時 定義過去完成時(past perfect)表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作或狀態(tài)。 它表示句子中描述的動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。 基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語+had+過去分詞.(done) 肯定句：主語+had+過去分詞. 否定句：主語+had+not+過去分詞. 一般疑問句：Had+主語+過去分詞? 肯定回答：Yes,主語+had. 否定回答：No,主語+had not . 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句（Had+主語+過去分詞）？ 基本用法 表示在過去某一時刻或動作以前完成了的動作，也可以說過去的時間關(guān)于過去的動

26、作。即“過去的過去”?？梢杂胋y, before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句來表示，也可以用一個表示過去的動作來表示，還可能通過上下文來表示。 例如： By nine oclock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到200 張飛船發(fā)來的圖片。 過去完成時-語法判定1. 由時間狀語來判定 一般說來，各種時態(tài)都有特定的時間狀語。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有： （ 1 ） by + 過去的時間點(diǎn)。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock

27、last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 過去的時間點(diǎn)。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 過去的時間點(diǎn)。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“過去的過去”來判定。 過去完成時表示“過去的過去”，是指過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，即動作有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的用過去完成時，在后的用一般過去時。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在： （ 1 ）賓語從

28、句中 當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時，且從句的動作先于主句的動作時，從句要用過去完成時。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。如： She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）狀語從句中 在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的，要用過去完成時，動作在后的要用一般過去時。如： After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意： before, after 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，由于 before 和

29、 after 本身已表達(dá)了動作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時。如： After he closed the door, he left the classroom. （3）表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示原本，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 3. 根據(jù)上、下文來判定。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each o

30、ther since he went to Beijing. 過去完成時-語法區(qū)別一、 過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，以現(xiàn)在的時間為基點(diǎn)，但側(cè)重對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動詞 have (has) + 過去分詞”；過去完成時則是一個相對的時態(tài)，以過去時間為基點(diǎn)，它所表示的動作不僅發(fā)生在過去，更強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”，只有和過去某時或某動作相比較時，才用到它。 比較：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了 1000 個英語單詞。 I had learned 1000 Engli

31、sh words till then.到那時為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了 1000 個英語單詞。 Im sorry to keep you waiting. 對不起，讓你久等了。 Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.沒什么，我只等了幾分鐘。（“等”的動作從過去某一時間點(diǎn)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在） 二、過去完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別雖然這兩種時態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1. 時間狀語不同：過去完成時在時間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”；而一般過去時只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時間。 比較：They had arrived at the

32、station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 2. 在沒有明確的過去時間狀語作標(biāo)志時，謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的時間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷：先發(fā)生的用過去完成時，后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時。 She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. 3. 當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上接連發(fā)生的動作用 and 或 but 連接時，按時間

33、順序，只需用一般過去時來代替過去完成時；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句中，由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時間的先后，因此也可以用過去時來代替過去完成時。 He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一、選擇填空1、He_from school for a long time.A has left B has been awayC did leave D will leave2、Its cold here. Youd better _your coat.A

34、put on B to wearC not to take offD not wear3、What _a farmer_?A farner _rice,fruit,flowers and so on.A does;do;grows B do;do;is growingC is;doing;is growing D is;doing;grows4、He has finished reading the story book.When_he_to read it,do you know ?A did;began B did;beginC has;begun D had;begun5、It_7 ho

35、urs to go to Nanning by train.A is taking B are going to takeC takes Dhas taken6、It_3 years since his grandma_.Ais;died Bis;has diedCwas;died Dis;has been dead7、Please be careful in the lab, _you ?Awill BwontCdont Ddo8、Father_when I_yesterday morning.Astill slept; got up Bis sleeping;got upCwas stil

36、l sellping;got up Dsleeps;get up9、Kate_to bed until her mother_back.Awont go;come Bhadnt gone;cameCwent;came Ddidnt go;came10、Who_into the library while Miss Yang and Meimei_ ?Awas coming;talked Bcame;were talkingCcomes;is talking Dcame;talked二、用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的正確時態(tài)填空，注意前后時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)（A）Mrs Anne Sterling did not k

37、now it_1_ (be) dangerous when she_2 _(run)through the forest (森林)after two men. They_3_ (rush)up to her while she_4_ (have) a picnic near the forest with her children. They_5_ (try)to steal (偷)her handbag. In the fight, the trap（帶子）broke and both men_6 _(start)running through the trees. Mrs. Sterlin

38、g_7_ (get) so angry that she_8 _(run)after them. When she _9 _(catch)up with them.she_10 _(see) that they_11_ (sit) down and_12 _(look) into the bag to see what was in it ,so she_13 _(run )straight at them. The men_14 _(get)such a fright(害怕)that they_15 _(drop) the bag and_16_ (run)away.“The trap_17

39、 _(need) mending,” said Mrs Sterling later,“but they_18 (not steal)anything.”(B)The Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home.I_19 _(like)sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons. It_20 _(be)warm last Sunday, so I_21_ (go)and_22_ (sit)on the river bank as usual. Some children_23_

40、(play) games on the bank and there_24 _(be)some people rowing boats on the river. Suddenly, one of the children_25_ (kick)the ball very hard and it_26 _（go）towards a passing boat. Some people on the bank_27 _ (call)out to the man in the boat ,but he_28 (not hear)them. The ball_29_ (hit) him so hard

41、that he nearly_30 _(fall) into the water.I_31 _(turn)to look at the children ,but there_32 _(be not)any in sight (看得見)：they _33 _(run)away! The man_34 _(laugh) when he_35 _(know) what_36_（happen）.He_37 _(call)out to the children and_38_ (throw) the ball back to the bank.When I_39 _(leave)they_40 _(p

42、lay) again.1He asked me _ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. h

43、ad learned D. learnt4. She _lived here for _ years.A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said she _ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. s

44、aw C. will see D. had seen7. She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war.A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he _.A. has completed university B. has completed the universityB. had completed an university D

45、. had completed university9. She had written a number of books _ the end of last year.A. for B. in C. by D. at10. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the pianoC. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano.11. What _ Annie _ by the time he was ten?A. did, do B.

46、 did, did C. has, done D. had done12 .He _ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work13. By the end of last week, they _ the bridge.A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed14. Ben hates playing _ violin, but he li

47、kes playing _ football.A. athe B. the the C. / the D. the/15. By the time he was 4, he _ a lot of German words.A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _ the classroom.A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left17.They _ in Guangzhou since 2000.A. live

48、d B. had lived C. have lived D. were living18. The train from Beijing_ ten minutes ago.A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived19. The students _ their classroom when the visitors arrived.A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned20. Fergie_ the project in on

49、e hour.A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished21. The man _ his coat and went out.A. put on B. had put on C. will put on D. was putting on22 My mother_ in that factory at the age of 18.A. had worked B. has worked C. worked D. works23. Dad _ while he _ TV.A .fell asleepwatch B. wa

50、s falling asleepwatchedC. fell asleepwas watching D. had fallen asleepwatched2.用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move) in.2. That rich old man _ (make) a will before he _ (die).3. They _ (study) the map of the country before they _ (leave).4. The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen _ (arrive).5. I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (go) to bed.6. Paul _ (go) out with Jane af