1、論口譯員的記憶壓力及提高口譯員現(xiàn)場表現(xiàn)力的方法,On Interpreters Memory Load and Approaches to Improving Interpreters On-The-Spot Performance,【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國語大學(xué)【學(xué)位級別】：碩士【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008【本文作者】：趙燕,選題原則：,1、切乎實(shí)際； 2、創(chuàng)新； 3、有一定的彈性。,論題特征：,1、準(zhǔn)確； 2、醒目； 3、新穎； 4、簡潔； 5、具體。,論口譯員的記憶壓力及提高口譯員現(xiàn)場表現(xiàn)力的方法,On Interpreters Memory Load and Approaches to

2、 Improving Interpreters On-The-Spot Performance,摘要,作用：對所寫論文的簡要概述，包括研究論題、方 法、意義以及由此得出的結(jié)論。 特點(diǎn)：用詞精煉準(zhǔn)確，緊扣論題 組成部分：(1)主題句：第一句話開門見山，直奔主 題，提出研究目的和對象； (2)主體句：文章構(gòu)架，涉及研究方法、 實(shí)驗(yàn)過程、調(diào)查或論證分析等 (3)結(jié)束句：闡明結(jié)果、點(diǎn)明意義或引發(fā) 反思,【摘要】： 長期以來人們都把口譯員現(xiàn)場表現(xiàn)力欠佳歸結(jié)為口譯員先天不足的短期記憶力,從而引起了一系列誤解。很多口譯工作愛好者都因?yàn)樽约翰荒茉诙唐趦?nèi)存貯大量的信息而對口譯實(shí)踐活動(dòng)失去了信心。一些口譯界以外的

3、人士也錯(cuò)誤的認(rèn)為只有那些天生具有出色的記憶能力的人才能從事口譯活動(dòng)。,針對以上觀點(diǎn),本論文從探討人體記憶機(jī)制的特點(diǎn)出發(fā),通過對口譯這一特殊的社會實(shí)踐活動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)的分析和對上海外國語大學(xué)英語口譯方向碩士研究生從事口譯實(shí)踐活動(dòng)的實(shí)證研究,得出了口譯人員的現(xiàn)場表現(xiàn)力并不完全取決于口譯人員天生的記憶容量而是一系列因素共同作用的結(jié)果的結(jié)論,從而打破了人們長期以來的誤解。,論文開篇第一章從人們長久形成的固有觀點(diǎn),即將口譯人員現(xiàn)場表現(xiàn)力欠佳歸結(jié)為口譯員短期記憶力不足的觀點(diǎn)入手,論述了本論文研究的課題的意義和主要研究方法,并對本論文的結(jié)構(gòu)做出了簡要的介紹。第二章主要介紹了口譯這一特殊的社會實(shí)踐活動(dòng)的特點(diǎn),人體的

4、記憶機(jī)制及口譯記憶機(jī)制的獨(dú)特性,即口譯中的三層記憶(瞬時(shí)記憶,短期記憶和長期記憶)。第三章主要通過對上海外國語大學(xué)英語口譯方向碩士研究生從事口譯實(shí)踐活動(dòng)的實(shí)證研究,弄清了口譯人員在口譯過程中所遇到的主要問題,從而初步地得出了口譯人員現(xiàn)場表現(xiàn)力的好壞不僅與口譯人員的短期記憶息息相關(guān),還是很多種因素共同作用的結(jié)果的結(jié)論。,第四章主要針對第三章對上海外國語大學(xué)英語口譯方向碩士研究生的調(diào)查問卷的情況和國內(nèi)外學(xué)者已有的研究成果進(jìn)一步詳細(xì)的闡述了影響口譯員現(xiàn)場表現(xiàn)力的一系列因素。第五章主要針對影響口譯人員現(xiàn)場表現(xiàn)力的因素從日常訓(xùn)練和現(xiàn)場發(fā)揮兩方面嘗試性地提出了一套完整的可供口譯人員自我訓(xùn)練以提高口譯現(xiàn)場表

5、現(xiàn)力的方法。第六章則針對本論文所探討的一系列問題做出了總結(jié),明確了本論文的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和一些不足之處以供廣大口譯研究者和口譯工作者們予以借鑒和進(jìn)一步再作探討。,鑒于國內(nèi)外口譯界學(xué)者到目前為止還沒有提出一套完整的可供口譯人員進(jìn)行自我訓(xùn)練的方案的現(xiàn)狀,本論文嘗試性地提出了一套完整的可供口譯人員自我訓(xùn)練以提高口譯現(xiàn)場表現(xiàn)力的系統(tǒng)訓(xùn)練方法。 提高口譯人員現(xiàn)場表現(xiàn)力的方案主要分為兩大部分。一部分是口譯人員必須做日常訓(xùn)練的提高口語,聽力,理解力和口譯人員心理素質(zhì)的訓(xùn)練模式。另一部分是口譯人員在口譯現(xiàn)場所應(yīng)掌握的一系列技能和方法,即口譯人員如何在現(xiàn)場減壓,如何在口譯現(xiàn)場將短期記憶發(fā)揮到最佳狀態(tài)以及口譯人員的現(xiàn)場

6、表達(dá)技巧等等。,【關(guān)鍵詞】：記憶; 口譯 ;現(xiàn)場表現(xiàn)力; 實(shí)證研究 【Key Words】: memory; interpretation; on-the-spot performance; case study,關(guān)鍵詞,論文標(biāo)題、摘要中的論題、關(guān)鍵詞三者高度統(tǒng)一,【目錄 Contents】： Acknowledgements4-5 Abstract5-7 摘要7-11 Chapter 1 Introduction11-14 1.1 False Illusion toward Interpretation11 1.2 The Significance and Feasibilities of

7、the Present Study11-12 1.3 The Organization of the Thesis12-14 Chapter 2 Interpretation and the Role of Memory in Interpretation14-21 2.1 Interpretation14-17 2.1.1 The Definition of Interpretation14 2.1.2 Interpretation and Translation14-15 2.1.3 Interpreting Process15 2.1.4 Interpreting Models15-17

8、 2.2 Human Memory Mechanism17-19 2.2.1 Introduction to Human Memory Mechanism17-18 2.2.2 The Three Memory Systems18-19 2.3 Memory in Interpretation19-21,Chapter 3 A Case Study on Factors Affecting Interpreters On-the-spot Performance21-31 3.1 Procedure21-22 3.2 Findings22-29 3.2.1 The Role of Memory

9、 in Interpreters On-the-spot Performance22-23 3.2.2 Factors Affecting Interpreters On-the-spot Performance23-25 3.2.3 The Most Important Qualities an Interpreter Should Have25 3.2.4 Interpreting Theory and Interpretation25-26 3.2.5 Interpreting Skills Training and Interpreting Practice26-27 3.2.6 Se

10、lfevaluation Work27-28 3.2.7 Preparation Work28-29 3.3 Conclusions29-30 3.3.1 The Most Important Element Determining Interpreters On-the-spot Performance29 3.3.2 Factors Affecting Interpreters On-the-spot Performance29-30 3.4 Implications of the Study30 3.5 Limitations of the Study30-31,Chapter 4 Fa

11、ctors Determining Interpreters On-the-spot Performance31-41 4.1 The Role of an Interpreter31-32 4.1.1 Interpreter as a Listener31 4.1.2 Interpreter as a Speech Producer31-32 4.1.3 Interpreter as a Communicator32 4.2 Basic Requirements for Interpreters32-34 4.2.1 Interpreting Quality Assessment32-33

12、4.2.2 Portrait of the “Ideal”Interpreter as Seen through DelegatesEyes33 4.2.3 The Prerequisite for Being a Qualified Interpreter33-34 4.3 Factors Determining Interpreters On-the-spot Performance34-41 4.3.1 Physiological Factors34-35 4.3.2 Language Ability35-36 4.3.3 Extra-linguistic Knowledge36-37

13、4.3.4 Psychological Factors37 4.3.5 Memory Load37-39 4.3.6 Interpreting Theories and Strategies39-41,Chapter 5 Approaches to Improving Interpreters On-the-spot Performance41-60 5.1 Aspects for Interpreters to Drill on a Regular Basis41-48 5.1.1 Reinforcing Bilingual Capabilities41-43 5.1.2 Enlarging

14、 Interpreters Extra-linguistic Knowledge43-45 5.1.3 Confidence-building Programs45-46 5.1.4 Familiarity with Interpreting Theories and Techniques46-48 5.2 Techniques for Interpreters to Use on the Spot48-60 5.2.1 Techniques to Relieving InterpretersMental Stress48-53 5.2.2 Approaches to Relieving In

15、terpreters Memory Load53-57 5.2.3 Expressing Techniques57-60 Chapter 6 Conclusion60-61 Appendix 1 Questionnaire on Factors Affecting Interpreters61-63 Appendix 2 Statistics63-64 Bibliography64-67,論文觀點(diǎn)結(jié)論 Conclusion：,Based on peoples false illusion that an interpreters excellent performance on the sta

16、ge is determined by interpreters innate out-standing short-term memory ability, this thesis has made a tentative attempt to figure out all the factors affecting interpreters on-the-spot performance. At the very beginning of my writing, I have made a detailed study of the unique features of interpret

17、ation and the human memory mechanism. After probing into interpreting process and how the three memory systems function within the interpreting process, I find out that short-term memory alone does not determine an interpreters,on-the-spot performance. Following this finding, I have conducted a furt

18、her research on the student interpreters at SISU in virtue of questionnaire and interview. The many participants in the program have given me invaluable hints. Enlightened by their responses, I have made a further attempt to find out all the factors that may interfere with interpreters on-the-spot performance besides memory. I have collected interpreters on-the-spot performance with interpreters physiology, interpreters characteristics, interpreters psychology and the way interpreters train themselves. After all these have done, I have also made a p