1、Attributive clauses定語從句,Part 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,關(guān)系代詞用法,人物,主賓/表,物,主賓 /表,人,主賓/表,人,賓,人物,定,關(guān)系副詞的用法,時(shí)間,時(shí)間狀語,地點(diǎn),地點(diǎn)狀語,原因,原因狀語,定語從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇：,“缺啥補(bǔ)啥”,看從句中缺少什么成分，從句中缺主語、賓語或表語用which, who，that ，as或whom（只做賓語）. 其中指人時(shí)用who,whom,as 。指物時(shí)用which,that,as。作定語意為“的”的時(shí)候用whose。作狀語時(shí)候用關(guān)系副詞when, where, why等。 注意：定語從句關(guān)系詞中沒有how, what,Practic

2、e,1.The man _is talking to me is a friend of my fathers. 2.The school _is famous here has a long history. 3.I live in the house _windows face south. 4.He is such a person_we like very much.,that/who,that/which,whose,as,5.I will never forget the day _we were in the country. 6. This is the park _you t

3、ook photos last Sunday. 7. That was the reason_he looked old.,when/on which,where/in which,why/for which,Part 通常只能使用that或which的場合,All _ we have to do is to practice every day. The first lesson _ I learned will never be forgotten,that,1.先行詞是不定代詞all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等,th

4、at,2.先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級或被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級修飾時(shí),只用that 的場合,I have read all the books _ you gave me.,that,3.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, just, all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等修飾時(shí)，宜用that.,They talked of things and persons _ they remembered in the school.,4.先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，宜用that.,that,Who is the

5、 boy _ was here just now? Which is the bike _you lost?,5.當(dāng)主語是以who/which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)， 定語從句須用that，以免與先行詞重復(fù),that,that,Mycomputerisnolongerthemachine _itwas.,6.當(dāng)定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是be，需要關(guān)系代詞作表語時(shí)，宜用that,that,This is the house in_ Ji Xiaolan used to live.,which,1.介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，宜用which。如 for which , on which, in which, of

6、 which 等。,The experiment is very important , _ indeed it is.,2.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，宜用which。,which,只用which的場合,Part 限制性定語從句和 非限制性定語從句,1.The man who greeted me is my teacher. ( ) 2.John, who greeted me, is my teacher. ( ),Restrictive Attributive Clause,Non-restrictive Attributive Clause,向我打招呼的那個(gè)人是我的老師。,約翰是我的老師

7、。他向我打過招呼。,指出下面兩個(gè)句子哪個(gè)是限制性定語從句哪個(gè)是非限制性定語從句。,限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別,1.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的which可以指代前面的先行詞，也可以指代前面整個(gè)句子。,That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around.,2.除which 外，還可用when, where, who, whom等關(guān)系副詞或代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。,After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I s

8、pent my childhood and four years of college life.,3.在of which/whom之前可以使用表達(dá)數(shù)量或定位的數(shù)詞或代詞。,1. I am doing different types of exercises, all of which are quite helpful to my health. 2. Many people, some of whom are not overweight, are going on diets. 3. There are 54 students in my class, three of whom com

9、e from the US.,4.非限制性定語從句通常不能用that引導(dǎo)。 I like the book, which was bought yesterday. 我喜歡這本書，這是昨天買的。,5.非限制性定語從句不能用why引導(dǎo)要用for which代替why。 I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting. 我已經(jīng)把理由告訴了他們，為此我沒有去開會(huì)。,Part 介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句,介詞+關(guān)系詞的定義,定語從句中的介詞可以放在定語從句中，也可提前放于關(guān)系詞前，介詞后關(guān)系代詞只能用which,who

10、m,且不能省略.,He is the person _ you spoke,to,that/who/whom,He is the person _ you spoke.,whom,This is the house _ I lived 4y ago,in,This is the house _ I lived 4y ago,that/which,which,關(guān)系副詞when, where, why 和介詞+which之間的關(guān)系,關(guān)系副詞when, where, why可以用 適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~+which來替代。 如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which,

11、 why=for+which 。,1. I wont forget the date on which I was born. 2. This is the room in which I lived. 3. I dont know the reason for which he havent come today. 4. Tom still remembers the days in which they lived in Tianjin. 5. Hangzhou is the place to which I went last year. 6. I remember the day on

12、 which my father died. I was only ten years old at that time.,=when,=where,=why,=when,=where,=when,介詞+關(guān)系詞中介詞的選擇,根據(jù)從句所修飾的先行詞的需要來確定介詞。 根據(jù)從句中謂語動(dòng)詞或形容詞搭配的需要來確定介詞。 根據(jù)句意的需要來確定介詞。,The money _ which you were to buy dog food is gone. He will never forget the day _ which he failed in the exam.,一、根據(jù)從句所修飾的先行詞的需要

13、來確定介詞,with the money 用錢,on,with,on the day 在那天,二、根據(jù)定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞或形容詞確定,He is really the person _ whom we have a lot to learn. The West Lake, _ which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.,from,learn from sb. 向某人學(xué)習(xí),for,be famous for因而出名,Air, _which man cant live, is really important.,三、根據(jù)句意來確定,This i

14、s my pair of glasses, _ which I cannot see clearly.,without,without,Part as與which 引導(dǎo)定語 從句的區(qū)別,as和which的區(qū)別,as和which都可以代指前面的先行詞或整個(gè)句子，在從句中作主語，或用作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，如， He married her， whichas was natural I was very useful to him， which/ as he realized 但下列情況下as和which一般不能互換：,1.as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以放在句首、句末，也可以插入主句中，而which指前

15、面提到的事實(shí)或情況，一般放在主句之后，如： As our teacher points out， that book is of benefit to everyone he was late again this morning, which makes his teacher unhappy. ,2as含有正如、按照、正像之意，as一般用在肯定句中，而which則可以用于含否定意義的句子中，如： He failed in the exam again， as was expected He failed in the exam again， which was unexpected,3下列

16、固定結(jié)構(gòu)，一般不能用which，如： as has been said before 如前所述 as often happens 正像經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣 as is well known= as is known to all 眾所周知 as we have expected正如我們預(yù)料的那樣 as has been mentioned above正如上面提到的 as we can see 正如大家看到的那樣,as引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句,1.as 常用于the same.as, such. as 結(jié)構(gòu)中。如： 1）I have never seen such a lazy man as you (a

17、re ). 2）Let children read such books as will make them better and wiser.,2.the same. that與the same .as的區(qū)別,the same.that即指同一事物；而the same. as相似事物。如： 1) This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 2) This is the same (kind of)pen as I lost yesterday.,3.such as 與suchthat的區(qū)別,suchas引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，suchthat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀

18、語從句。 He is such a clever boy as everyone likes. He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him .,Part 關(guān)系副詞的用法,I havent seen him since the year when he went abroad,Tomorrow I will go to the town where I was born.,I really dont know the reason why he was late again.,判斷關(guān)系副詞when.where.why在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?小結(jié)：,關(guān)

19、系副詞,when,where,why,在定語從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語,在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語,在定語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語,相當(dāng)于介詞+ which,Part 其他注意點(diǎn),填上合適的關(guān)系詞并分析原因： 1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.,that/ which/不填,that/in which/不填,1：the way用做先行詞,當(dāng) the way 在從句中作狀語，意為方式方法的時(shí)候，引導(dǎo)定語

20、從句的關(guān)系詞可以有三種形式，that/in which/省略。 注意：the way 在從句中作為主語、賓語、表語時(shí)關(guān)系代詞用that/which,作賓語時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可以省略。,1. Ive come to the point where I cant stand him. 2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.,我已經(jīng)到了無法容忍他的地步了。,國家正處在隨時(shí)有可能爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭的局勢中。,2.先行詞是抽象的地點(diǎn)，用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。 如果定語從句分別修飾point, situatio

21、n, stage, condition, case, society, position等表示抽象意義的詞，常用where 引導(dǎo)，意思是“到了某種地步，在某種境況中” 。,3.“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”中，定語從句一般被看成修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因此該從句的謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式；在“the only one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”中，定語從句?？闯尚揎梿螖?shù)名詞，從句謂語用單數(shù)形式。 This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year. He was the only one of the boys who was given a prize.,P