1、Introduction to International Payments and Settlements,Chapter 2,Structure,2.1 Definition of International Payments and Settlements 2.2 Evolution of International Payments and Settlements 2.3 Characteristics of Modern International Payments and Settlements 2.4 Major Points Concerning International P

2、ayments and Settlements 2.5 Correspondent Banking Relationship,Chapter1. Introduction,2.1 Definition of International Payment and Settlements,International payments and settlements are financial activities conducted among different countries in which payments are effected or funds are transferred fr

3、om one country to another in order to settle accounts，debts，claims，etc,financial intermediary,convertible currency,所謂國(guó)際結(jié)算，是指為清償國(guó)際間的債權(quán)債務(wù)關(guān)系而發(fā)生在不同國(guó)家之間的貨幣收付活動(dòng),1. Three key elements necessary forinternational settlement,Persons in different countries Bankers participation Funds transfer 1. 兩國(guó)之間 （國(guó)： 經(jīng)濟(jì)體，非

4、政治體;臺(tái)灣） 2 通過(guò)銀行辦理。（個(gè)人攜帶、地下金融、國(guó)際洗錢(qián)） 3. 貨幣收付業(yè)務(wù)。（易貨貿(mào)易、補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易、物資捐助）,2. Category of international payment and settlement,Trade settlement: payments for visible trades 貨物進(jìn)出口 Non-trade settlement: 1、invisible trade settlement： payments for services, technology transfer, patents and copyright contracts, etc 2、

5、financial transaction settlement： buying and selling of financial assets, overseas money-raising and investing 3、payments between governments: aids and grants 4、others: overseas remittances, inheritances, etc,visible trade 有形貿(mào)易 invisible trade 無(wú)形貿(mào)易 financial transaction 金融交易 overseas remittances 海外匯

6、款 educational expenses 教育開(kāi)支 inheritances 遺產(chǎn)繼承 technology transfer 技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓 patent 專(zhuān)利 copyright contract 版權(quán)合同 foreign exchange market transactions 金融市場(chǎng)交易 export credits 出口信貸 international bond 國(guó)際債券, 4353 9 4,7,國(guó)際結(jié)算,國(guó)際非貿(mào)易結(jié)算,無(wú)形貿(mào)易結(jié)算,金融交易結(jié)算,無(wú)償轉(zhuǎn)移結(jié)算,其他結(jié)算,國(guó)際貿(mào)易結(jié)算,金融交易結(jié)算外匯買(mǎi)賣(mài)、對(duì)外投資和國(guó)際信貸等,無(wú)形貿(mào)易結(jié)算： 服務(wù)貿(mào)易結(jié)算。,2.2 Evoluti

7、on of International Payments and Settlements,International trade,International Settlement,2.2.1 From cash settlement to non-cash settlement 從現(xiàn)金結(jié)算到非現(xiàn)金結(jié)算 2.2.2 From direct payment made between international traders to payment effected through a financial intermediary 從貿(mào)易商之間直接支付到通過(guò)金融中介進(jìn)行支付 2.2.3 From p

8、ayments under simple price terms to payments under more complex price terms 從使用簡(jiǎn)單貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)結(jié)算到復(fù)雜貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)的結(jié)算 2.2.4 Internet era 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代的結(jié)算,2.2.1 From cash settlement to non-cash settlement,13 century A.D.,Instruments Bill of exchange Promissory Note Cheque/check,Non-Cash Settlement非現(xiàn)金結(jié)算,Exchange for GBP1,250.00

9、Beijing,1 April,2003 At sight pay to the order of DEF Co.the sum of Pounds one thousand two hundred and fifty only To XYZ Bank, For ABC Co., Beijing London (signature),End of 18 century,Expensive Risky Turnover of funds slow,Foreign exchange bank,Non-cash settlement非現(xiàn)金結(jié)算,From the thirteenth century

10、A.D., bills of exchange were created, gradually taking the place of coins in international payments, and the bill of exchange market began to develop.,Bill of exchange,Foreign exchange bank,13 century A.D.,end of 18 century A.D.,Foreign exchange market,現(xiàn)金結(jié)算：黃金、白銀、鑄幣等。直接用運(yùn)送金屬鑄幣或條塊的方法進(jìn)行。重量大，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大（無(wú)敵艦隊(duì)和海

11、盜）、運(yùn)費(fèi)高、時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、點(diǎn)錢(qián)不方便?，F(xiàn)代社會(huì)極少使用，且必須是可自由兌換貨幣,A Co.(exporter) USA,B Co.(importer) Japan,C Co.(importer) USA,D Co.(exporter) Japan,cash,cash, 4353 9 4,14, 4353 9 4,15, 4353 9 4,16, 4353 9 4,17,永恒的貨幣金銀, 4353 9 4,18, 4353 9 4,19,常見(jiàn)的天然金塊, 4353 9 4,20,中國(guó)自然界中的“狗頭金”, 4353 9 4,21, 4353 9 4,22, 4353 9 4,23, 4353 9 4

12、,24, 4353 9 4,25, 4353 9 4,26,銀毫子、金瓜子, 4353 9 4,27, 4353 9 4,28, 4353 9 4,29,鑄幣的滾邊,?；韬钅钩鐾两疱V,老時(shí)候的錢(qián)包褡褳, 4353 9 4,32,那時(shí)候的大款, 4353 9 4,34, 4353 9 4,35,400萬(wàn)人民幣的外觀效果,當(dāng)錢(qián)的概念是這個(gè)樣子, 4353 9 4,38, 4353 9 4,39, 4353 9 4,40, 4353 9 4,41, 4353 9 4,42, 4353 9 4,43, 4353 9 4,44, 4353 9 4,45, 4353 9 4,46, 4353 9 4,47

13、, 4353 9 4,48,紙幣用于國(guó)際結(jié)算的限制,攜帶運(yùn)送不便 國(guó)外對(duì)跨國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)金的法律限制 美國(guó)限額：一萬(wàn)美元 歐元限額：一萬(wàn)五千歐元 結(jié)論：現(xiàn)代國(guó)際結(jié)算中不適于使用現(xiàn)金,票據(jù)結(jié)算,票據(jù)結(jié)算：支票、匯票、本票。用代替現(xiàn)金起流通手段、支付手段的信用工具（票據(jù)）來(lái)結(jié)算國(guó)際間的債權(quán)債務(wù)關(guān)系 假設(shè)在紐約的A從倫敦的B那里購(gòu)買(mǎi)十萬(wàn)元的商品，而紐約的C又銷(xiāo)售10萬(wàn)元的商品給倫敦的D，于是A可以通過(guò)匯票兌換經(jīng)紀(jì)人購(gòu)買(mǎi)一張由C開(kāi)具的令D支付的匯票，用以支付給B，由B持該匯票向D收回貨款。, 4353 9 4,49,表示票據(jù)流向 表示貨物流向 表示資金流向, 4353 9 4,50,銀行,A將匯票寄給B,2

14、.2.2From direct payment made betweeninternational traders to payment effectedthrough a financial intermediary,With the worldwide banking network and modern banking technicality, banks can not only provide easy and quick transfer of funds needed for conducting international trade but also furnish the

15、ir customers with valuable economic and credit information.,從買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方直接結(jié)算發(fā)展到以銀行為中介的轉(zhuǎn)帳結(jié)算,18世紀(jì)60年代，世界重要資本主義國(guó)家完成工業(yè)革命，銀行業(yè)發(fā)生深刻變化： 高利貸性質(zhì)的封建銀行 擔(dān)任信用和支付中介的資本主義銀行 開(kāi)展國(guó)內(nèi)的存、放款業(yè)務(wù)及 國(guó)際借貸和國(guó)際結(jié)算業(yè)務(wù), 4353 9 4,53,2.2.3 From simple price terms to more complex price terms,In the past, international trade payments were settled

16、on very simple price terms, such as cash on delivery, cash on shipment, cash with order, cash before shipment, etc. In modern international trade, a more comprehensive and exact set of terms has been developed. As indicated in INCORTERMS2010(International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms)

17、ICC Publication, the price terms available for use are multifarious and more complicated than before.,從“憑貨付款”到“憑單付款” (貨物買(mǎi)賣(mài)變?yōu)閱螕?jù)買(mǎi)賣(mài)),分工的發(fā)展使航運(yùn)業(yè)、保險(xiǎn)業(yè)和商業(yè)分離。 航運(yùn)業(yè)：定期航線(xiàn)的開(kāi)辟、巨型船舶的出現(xiàn)，使航運(yùn)有了很大的發(fā)展，商人不再親自駕船出海，而是委托船東運(yùn)送貨物。提單出現(xiàn)。 保險(xiǎn)業(yè)：航運(yùn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，船東運(yùn)送貨物時(shí)要轉(zhuǎn)嫁風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，保險(xiǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)生，保單出現(xiàn)。 后來(lái)提單的性質(zhì)發(fā)生變化： 一般性的運(yùn)輸契約、貨物收據(jù) 可背書(shū)轉(zhuǎn)讓的物權(quán)憑證 交單代表交貨, 4353 9 4,

18、56,原始的結(jié)算，賣(mài)方一手交貨，買(mǎi)方一手交錢(qián)，錢(qián)貨兩清，通常成為“現(xiàn)金交貨”（Cash on delivery）方式。當(dāng)貿(mào)易商與運(yùn)輸商有了分工以后，賣(mài)方將貨物交給運(yùn)輸商承運(yùn)至買(mǎi)方，運(yùn)輸商將貨物收據(jù)交給賣(mài)方轉(zhuǎn)寄給買(mǎi)方向運(yùn)輸商取貨，海上運(yùn)輸繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大，簡(jiǎn)單的貨物收據(jù)發(fā)展變化成為比較完善的海運(yùn)提單（起貨物收據(jù)、運(yùn)輸契約和物權(quán)單據(jù)三作用）。由于提單有物權(quán)單據(jù)的性質(zhì)，它把貨物單據(jù)化了。交單等于交貨，持單等于持有貨物的所有權(quán)。海運(yùn)提單因此成為可以流通轉(zhuǎn)讓的單據(jù)（Negotiable documents），便于轉(zhuǎn)讓給銀行持有，讓銀行憑此向買(mǎi)方索取貨款，或當(dāng)作質(zhì)押品，獲得銀行資金融通。, 4353 9 4,57

19、,2.2.4 Internet Era,With the development of computer technology, business is done and payments and settlements are effected by means of all kinds of payment systems, which makes it quicker and safer and more convenient for both the Buyer and Seller. Nowadays, Internet is developing very fast. This n

20、ew type of business transaction is called net banking. Although there are a lot of problems to be solved,net banking is very promising.,隨著高新電子技術(shù)特別是計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和通訊技術(shù)在銀行業(yè)務(wù)處理中的應(yīng)用，人工處理票據(jù)的國(guó)際結(jié)算轉(zhuǎn)向電子化、無(wú)紙化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、一體化，使得國(guó)際結(jié)算不斷朝著安全、經(jīng)濟(jì)、方便、迅速的方向前進(jìn)。 快速、安全、高效地實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)際清算已成為當(dāng)代國(guó)際結(jié)算的主要課題。 目前，世界上已有四大電子清算系統(tǒng)SWIFT、CHIPS、CHAPS和TARGET辦理國(guó)

21、際結(jié)算中的資金調(diào)撥。通過(guò)電子計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)完成國(guó)際結(jié)算中的資金調(diào)撥。,International ClearingSystems And SWIFT,US Dollar Clearing Systems EUR Clearing Systems Japanese Yen Clearing Systems HKD Clearing System SWIFT-A Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication, 4353 9 4,61,兩大國(guó)際結(jié)算貨幣清算系統(tǒng),US Dollar Clearing Systems,The position of Dolla

22、r Clearing System,The dollar is the major international foreign exchange currency, which occupied 48% of international payments Dollar profit principle CHIPS, FEDWIRE, BOOK TRANSFER, CHECKS, AUTOMATED CLEARING HOUSE,CHIPS,CHIPS (Clearing House Interbank Payment System) 紐約市同業(yè)銀行清算系統(tǒng) It operated by the

23、 New York Clearing House Association (NYCHA) which including New York Bank, Chase, Citibank and so on There are 95 CHIPS participants. It became the global dollar clearing system from 1970,FEDWIRE 美國(guó)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備中央銀行清算系統(tǒng),FEDWIRE is an electronic payment system operated by the U.S Federal Reserve. FEDWIRE is

24、a real time, gross settlement system; transfers are final and irrevocable. It is used to make U.S. dollar payments to banks and their customers throughout the United States.,The U.S. Federal Reserve System consists of 12 Federal Reserve Banks located throughout the United States. Boston (01), New Yo

25、rk (02) There are about 11000 FEDWIRE member banks. About 7500 FEDWIRE member banks are on-line with a direct electronic link to the FEDWIRE system, while 3500 members are off-line. Each FEDWIRE member is identified by a nine-digit FEDWIRE Number beginning with FW.,The Other Ways,Bank transfer Check

26、s ACH (Automated Clearing House),現(xiàn)實(shí)中的例子,中國(guó)工商銀行廣東省分行某客戶(hù)出口包裝材料給英國(guó)某公司，貨款將以美元支付。英國(guó)進(jìn)口商收到貨后，以電匯方式通過(guò)英國(guó)勞合銀行匯款，該行在美國(guó)沒(méi)有分行，它經(jīng)過(guò)美元賬戶(hù)行哈里斯信托儲(chǔ)蓄銀行紐約分行匯款。由于中國(guó)工商銀行在美洲銀行紐約分行開(kāi)有美元賬戶(hù)，哈里斯與美洲銀行都是CHIPS成員，經(jīng)CHIPS清算，美洲銀行將收到的美元轉(zhuǎn)到中國(guó)工商銀行總行賬上。,英國(guó)勞合銀行通過(guò)SWIFT將匯款通知工商銀行總行，由于中國(guó)工商銀行廣東省分行與總行都是直接與SWIFT聯(lián)網(wǎng)的銀行，因此總行可以將勞合銀行通知和美元頭寸轉(zhuǎn)給廣東省分行，最后，廣東出

27、口商收到貨款。反之，中國(guó)工商銀行的客戶(hù)支付美元給境外其它國(guó)家的客戶(hù)，也可通過(guò)中國(guó)工商銀行在美國(guó)的十多家賬戶(hù)行，由他們經(jīng)過(guò)美元清算系統(tǒng)達(dá)到支付的目的,這種匯款形式稱(chēng)之為MT100客戶(hù)匯款，由匯款人、匯款委托銀行、發(fā)電行、收電行、發(fā)電代理行、收電代理行、中間銀行、收款人的賬戶(hù)行、收款人等多項(xiàng)基本要素組成。 上述實(shí)例說(shuō)明美元支付的最后到位，關(guān)鍵必須經(jīng)過(guò)美元清算系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)一處理。,EUR Clearing Systems,TARGET,Trans European Automated Real Time GrossSettlement Exchange Transfer System (全歐自動(dòng)實(shí)時(shí)總清算

28、快速交換系統(tǒng)） TARGET is available to all banks based in or with an operational unit in an EU country and having direct or indirect access to its national Euro real time gross settlement (RTGS) system. TARGET is monitored by European Central Bank.,TARGET,系統(tǒng)從1999年1月4日運(yùn)行，歐盟約有5000個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)加入 . 2007年使用TARGET2 TARGET

29、系統(tǒng)是由歐盟國(guó)家的即時(shí)清算系統(tǒng)（Real-Time Gross Settlement，RTGS）及歐洲中央銀行支付系統(tǒng)（European central bank Payment Mechanism，EPM）通過(guò)SWIFT 系統(tǒng)支持而組成的一種自動(dòng)資金收付系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)（Interlinking system），于年月日啟用 。, 4353 9 4,77,歐元資金匯劃系統(tǒng)TARGET, 4353 9 4,78,Japanese Yen Clearing Systems,HKD Clearing System,SWIFT-A Worldwide InterbankFinancial Telecommu

30、nication,SWIFT is most widely used and developed on a fast track.,SWIFT:The Society For Worldwide Inter-bank Financial Telecommunications(環(huán)球銀行間金融電訊協(xié)會(huì)),1973年5月成立,總部設(shè)在布魯塞爾。目前，全世界已有超過(guò)200個(gè)國(guó)家的7000多個(gè)銀行在使用SWIFT 。計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)通訊網(wǎng)在荷蘭和美國(guó)設(shè)有運(yùn)行中心，在各會(huì)員國(guó)設(shè)有地區(qū)處理站。 2002年，SWIFT報(bào)文承載量達(dá)8億，日均7百萬(wàn)條，金額超過(guò)6萬(wàn)億歐元。 中國(guó)是SWIFT會(huì)員國(guó)。中國(guó)銀行作為中國(guó)的外

31、匯外貿(mào)專(zhuān)業(yè)銀行于1983年2月加入SWIFT，成為中國(guó)第一家會(huì)員銀行，1985年5月13日，中國(guó)銀行正式開(kāi)通SWIFT。,20世紀(jì)90年代開(kāi)始，中國(guó)所有可以辦理國(guó)際金融業(yè)務(wù)的國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行、外資和僑資銀行以及地方銀行紛紛加入SWIFT。 1996年中國(guó)SWIFT發(fā)報(bào)增長(zhǎng)率為42.2%，在SWIFT全球增長(zhǎng)率排名第一，中國(guó)銀行在SWIFT前40家大用戶(hù)中排名34位。 中國(guó)銀行每日SWIFT發(fā)報(bào)量達(dá)3萬(wàn)多筆，采用SWIFT方式進(jìn)行收發(fā)電報(bào)已占到全行電訊總收付量的90%。 SWIFT網(wǎng)絡(luò)是國(guó)際結(jié)算、收付清算、外匯資金買(mǎi)賣(mài)、國(guó)際匯兌等各種業(yè)務(wù)系統(tǒng)的通訊主渠道，部分業(yè)務(wù)實(shí)現(xiàn)了自動(dòng)化處理。 chaining

32、(SWIFT study): ,Characteristics,1.SWIFT needs member qualification. 2.SWIFTs charge is low. Its about 18% of that used by telex, and 2.5% of that used by cable. 3.SWIFT is safer. (SWIFT authenticate key) 4.SWIFT has standard uniform format.,加入SWIFT的中國(guó)境內(nèi)銀行,2.3 Characteristics of Modern International

33、Payments and Settlements,EDI（Electronic Data Intercharge）電子數(shù)據(jù)交換，是一種主要應(yīng)用于國(guó)際貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域的電子商務(wù)技術(shù)，是伴隨著現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展而產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展的。EDI就是運(yùn)用一定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將數(shù)據(jù)和信息規(guī)范化和格式化，通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)將文件從一個(gè)企業(yè)輸?shù)搅硪粋€(gè)企業(yè)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)紙貿(mào)易。,Chapter1. Introduction,2.4 Major Points Concerning International Payments and Settlements,(1) International settlements methods (2) The

34、financial instrument that facilitate International settlements (3) Documents used in International settlements (4) The currencies used in international settlements. (5) Rules and regulations on international settlements.,make sure they are different,URC522:Uniform Rules for Collection,UCP600:Uniform

35、 Customs and Practice for documentary credit,Chapter1. Introduction,Domestic Settlement,International settlements,settlement,International Trade Settlement,International Non-Trade Settlement,Instruments,Methods,Documents,Rules,Bill of Exchange,Main methods,Other methods,basic,Additional,Promissory n

36、ote,Check,Remittance,Letter of credit,Collection,Factoring,Letter of guarantee,Forfeiting,Standby letter of credit,Invoice,Bill of Lading,Insurance documents,Packing list,Weight memo,Certificate of Original,All kinds of Certificates,URG,UCP,URC,The Worldwide Network of Banks,1、 Representative Office

37、(代表處) 2、 Agency Office(代理處) 3、 Overseas Sister Bank/Branch, Sub branch(海外分、支行(境外聯(lián)行) 4、 Correspondent Banks(代理銀行) 5、 Subsidiary Banks(附屬銀行(子銀行) 6、 Affiliated Banks(聯(lián)營(yíng)銀行) 7、 Consortium Bank(銀團(tuán)銀行),2.5 Correspondent Banking Relationship,Bank of China Overseas branch,Sisters Bank/overseas branch,2.5.1 De

38、finition of correspondent bank,Correspondent bank 代理行 the basis for cooperation of commercial banks all over the world to fulfill international settlement. This cooperation comes from the establishment of correspondent relationships between banks. The so-called correspondent bank may be defined as “

39、a bank having direct connection or friendly service relations with another bank.”,2008年，工行紐約分行獲得營(yíng)業(yè)執(zhí)照,建設(shè)銀行及美國(guó)花旗銀行北京分行領(lǐng)證,銀行間的代理關(guān)系，一般由雙方銀行的總行之間直接建立。分行不能獨(dú)立對(duì)外建立代理關(guān)系。 案例：中國(guó)銀行在海外有40多家分支機(jī)構(gòu)，又與200多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的1500多家銀行建立了5000多家代理行關(guān)系。 中國(guó)工商銀行是中國(guó)最大的商業(yè)銀行和世界500強(qiáng)企業(yè)，營(yíng)業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)遍布海內(nèi)外，擁有境內(nèi)營(yíng)業(yè)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)近2萬(wàn)個(gè)、海外分支機(jī)構(gòu)100余家，境外代理行1000余家，代理行網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋全球

40、100多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū) *為什么要建立代理行關(guān)系 （1）一家銀行不能在世界各地都設(shè)立分支機(jī)構(gòu)； （2）國(guó)際結(jié)算不可能一家銀行直接把款付給受款人； （3）所有收付都要通過(guò)銀行間清算來(lái)完成； （4）外匯管制的原因。, 4353 9 4,95,代理關(guān)系和代理行,建立代理關(guān)系的三個(gè)步驟：,辦理外匯業(yè)務(wù)沒(méi)有其他銀行的協(xié)助、合作是辦不到的。要通過(guò)彼此之間的代理關(guān)系來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。所謂代理關(guān)系是指兩家不同國(guó)籍的銀行，相互承做國(guó)際結(jié)算業(yè)務(wù)所發(fā)生的往來(lái)關(guān)系。建立代理關(guān)系的雙方即互為雙方的代理行。建立代理行的標(biāo)志是： （1）考察對(duì)方銀行的資信 （2）簽訂代理協(xié)議并互換控制文件（Control Documents）： 密押（

41、Test Key） 有權(quán)簽字人的印鑒（Specimen Signature） 費(fèi)率表（Terms and Conditions） （3）雙方銀行確認(rèn)控制文件, 4353 9 4,96,Selecting a correspondent bank:,The reputation of the bank; Size of the bank; Location of the bank; Services offered by the bank; Fundamental policies and strength of the bank; Physical features and personnel

42、; Momentum of early start, etc.,Agency arrangement,Control documents,Establish a correspondent relationship between two banks.,What do control documents include?,2.5.2 Control documents,Control Documents,Lists of specimen of authorized signatures印鑒 Verify the messages, letters(airmailed) are authent

43、ic Telegraphic test keys密押 Verify the telex and cable are authentic Terms and conditions費(fèi)率表 SWIFT authentic key驗(yàn)證碼,是銀行列示的所有有權(quán)簽字的人的有權(quán)簽字額度、簽字范圍、有效簽字組合方式以及親筆簽字字樣。代理行可憑其核對(duì)對(duì)方銀行發(fā)來(lái)的電報(bào)、電傳等的真實(shí)性。,是兩家代理行之間事先約定的專(zhuān)用押碼，在發(fā)送電報(bào)時(shí)，由發(fā)送電報(bào)的銀行在電文前面加注，經(jīng)接受電報(bào)的銀行核對(duì)相符，用以確認(rèn)電報(bào)的真實(shí)性。,Bank of China,SWIFT authentic key SWIFT密押,Societ

44、y for Worldwide Inter-bank Financial Telecommunication 是一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)化的國(guó)際電信系統(tǒng)，通過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的、格式化的信息，該系統(tǒng)能迅速處理并在全球會(huì)員銀行間傳遞金融業(yè)務(wù)與信息。,2.5.3 Inter-bank accounts,A current account or a checking account may be opened between banks with the establishment of a correspondent banking relationship. Any bank before opening an acc

45、ount in its correspondent bank, must be aware of the detailed conditions of this connection, such as amount of initial deposit, minimum credit balance for covering the cost of services provided, interest rate of the account, overdraft permission, and how often the statement of account is sent.,Depos

46、itor,Depository Bank,Current a/c XXX,Depositor Bank,Current a/c XXX,Depository Bank,賬戶(hù)行,開(kāi)戶(hù)行,存款客戶(hù),賬戶(hù)行,Nostro account往賬 The Italian word “Nostro” means “our”. Nostro account is the foreign currency account(due from account)of a major bank with the foreign banks abroad to facilitate international payme

47、nts and settlements.我行在它行開(kāi)立的存款賬戶(hù) Vostro account來(lái)賬 The Italian word “Vostro” means “your”. The Italian word “Vostro” means “your”. Vostro account is an account(due to account)held by a bank on behalf of a correspondent bank它行在我行開(kāi)立的存款賬戶(hù),Nostro account: is the foreign currency account (due from account) of a major bank with the foreign banks abroad to facilitate international settlements.,From the point of Bank of China, a nostro account is our banks account in the books of an overseas bank, denominated in foreign currency.,USD Account,Bank of New York,Bank of China,